Part 4 【语法】の情态动词
重难点及易错点
情态动词+动词原形
情态动词表允许及其回答
情态动词表猜测
【情态动词表允许】
1、请求允许做某事时，can最常用，在没有把握或为表现得更客气一些时，可用could;
而may比can 更正式一些，且多用于第一人称
Could I watch TV?
Can you find a seat for me?
May I use your phone?
2、当允许某人做某事时，要用can和may,不用could 和might.
Could I borrow your computer? Yes, of course you can.
Might I trouble you for a light? Yes, you may.
3、常考易错点：对情态动词表请求的回答：
肯定：Sure. 否定：You’d better not.
Certainly. I’m afraid not.
Yes, do please. I’m sorry, but you can’t
/mustn’t.
No problem.
That’s OK/all right.
Yes, you can/may.
With pleasure.
4、例：May I smoke here? Sorry, but you mustn’t
Must I go home before 8 o’clock?No, you needn’t/don’t have to .
Need I go? Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
Would you mind
．．．． if I smoke here? Yes, you’d better no t. / No, of course not.
【情态动词表猜测】
肯定：must >can>may
否定：can’t > may not
一定是；肯定是________; 可能是________;
一定不是;不可能是________; 可能不是________;
【针对练习】
( ) 1. "________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you ________."
A. Could ...couldn't
B. Might...might not
C. Could ...can
D. May...can't ( ) 2. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, ________."
A. you need
B. you should
C. you must
D. you can
( ) 3. He said that you ________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. might
( ) 4. Peter ________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. will
( ) 5. Michael ________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't
B. can't
C. shouldn't
D. won't
( ) 6. Come on! We ________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need
( ) 7. ---Do you mind if I turn on the TV?
---________. My father is sleeping.
A. Better not.
B. No, not at all.
C. No, I don’t mind.
D. That’s all right. ( ) 8. ---Would you mind my sitting next to you?
---________.
A. No, of course not.
B. No, you can’t.
C. Yes, please.
D. Yes, go ahead. ( ) 9. ---Would you please pass me today’s paper?
声现象复习学案 复习目标 1.复习基础知识，构建知识框架 2.掌握两种物理实验方法 3.知道声音的特性，会识别波形图 4.会利用回声测距 重点：声音的特性及波形图的识别 难点：涉及声源移动的回声测距问题 【疏理知识，落实双基】 考点一声音的产生和传播 易错题：如图是真空铃实验装置，把正在响着的铃放在玻璃罩内，可以清楚地听到铃声。 （1）当用抽气机逐渐抽去玻璃罩内的空气，铃声将会______；停止抽气，并让空气重新进入玻璃罩内， 铃声将会______。（填“变大”或“变小”） （2）假如抽气机若把罩内空气全部抽去，当你靠近玻璃罩时______（能/不能）听到铃声；我们可以由此推理得出。 发现： 1.声音的产生：声音是由物体的产生的，一切发声的物体都在。 2.声音的传播 （1）形式：声音在介质中以的形式传播。 （2）介质：、、均能传声，真空传声。 3.声速 （1）一般情况下声音在固体中比在液体中传播的，在液体中比在气体中传播的，在同种介质中传播速度还与有关，在15摄氏度空气中声速是。 （2）声音在传播过程中遇到障碍物被，反射回来的声音再进入人耳，这个声音叫回声。回声的重 要应用是测距和定位，测量原理是________。 考点二声音的特性 易错题：下列关于声音的说法中不正确的是（） A．“响鼓也要重锤敲”，说明声音是由振动产生的，且振幅越大响度越大 B．“隔墙有耳”，说明固体能传声 C．“震耳欲聋”说明声音的音调高 D．“闻其声知其人”，说明可以根据音色来判断说话者 发现： 声音的特性：声音的三个特性是、和。 名称概念影响因素相关关系 音调声音的发声体的频率频率高，则音调； 频率低，则音调。 响度声音的（强弱）， 常用分贝（dB）表示发声体的振幅及距离发 声体的远近 振幅大，则响度； 振幅小，则响度。 音色声音的品质由发声体的材料、结构 决定。不同的人，不同的乐器，发出的声音一般音色 考点三声的利用 易错题：下列现象中不属于回声定位的是（） A．蝙蝠夜间进行觅食B．捕鱼船的声呐系统C．医学上的超声洗牙D．倒车雷达发现：
中考英语：易错选择100题 1. It’s very warm-hearted ______ you to get the tickets ______ the World Cup. A. for, of B. of, for C. of, to D. to, for 2. How many teachers are there in your school? ______, I think. But I don’t know the exact number. A. hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Hundreds or thousands 3. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t 4. When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might 5. There ______ no hurry, need there? A. need be B. need to be C. doesn’t D. needs 6.______ the sports meeting might be put off.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D.I told 7. Shirley ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 8. We don’t allow ______ in this room. A. smoking B. to smoke C. people smoking D. people to smoking 9. I haven’t got a chair ______. Will you make room for me? A. to sit B. to sit in C. for sitting D. sitting on 10. It was so cold that the travelers had the fire ______ all the night. A. burning B. to burn C. burn D. burnt 11. She ______ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. A. looked for B. looked up C. looked after D. looked like 12. Every morning, WE are asked ______ taken our temperatures. A .if we have B. if have we C. if we had D. if had we
高考英语新情态动词知识点知识点训练 一、选择题 1．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ___________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A．might B．must C．would D．should 2．—I can’t think why he________ so angry. I mean no harm. —It’s typical of him to be sensitive(敏感的). A．should have been B．must have been C．might have been D．can have been 3．Tourists who enter the quiet area _____ obey the rule to reduce any potential effect on the environment. A．can B．may C．shall D．dare 4．—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry，sir．But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash．A．shall B．need C．will D．can 5．If you behave well from now on, you ___ have an Apple Watch for your 18th birthday. A．will B．shall C．can D．must 6．—It’s so hot and uncomfortable here! W hy are your windows still closed? —Oh, I’m not to blame. They ________ open. A．shan’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．wouldn’t 7．My computer ________ start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it. A．wouldn’t B．shouldn’t C．couldn’t D．mustn’t 8．–Will you read me a story, Mummy? --OK. You ______have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A．might B．must C．could D．shall 9．You ______ have carried all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked them. A．may not B．needn't C．can't D．mustn't 10．According to the latest rule, people _______sort household garbage into four categories. A．can B．shall C．may D．need 11．Skills like critical thinking and analysis ________ be found on the Internet, because they must be acquired in the context of facts. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 12．I can’t thank you more, Tony. But for your timely warning, I into great trouble yesterday. A．had got B．got C．would have got D．would get 13．—I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered, but I didn’t recognize the voice.—Oh, it ________ my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment. A．must have been B．should have been C．could have been D．may have been
易错题 1Mr Wang made up his mind to devote all he could ______ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 2. Everything he has______ away from him before he returns to his hometown. A. took B. had been taken C. has been taken D. had taken 3. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he could_____ English. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn 4. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have ______ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 5. The person we spoke to ______ no answer at first. A. Making B. makes C. make D. made 6. The person we talked about ______ us a report tomorrow. A. giving B. will give C. gave D. give 7. The days we have been looking forward to ___ soon. A. coming B. will come C. came D. have come 8. The person we talked about ______ our school last week. A. visiting B. will visit C. visited D. has visited 9. The man whose songs we are fond of ______ in our city next week. A.singing B. to sing C. will sing D. sang 10. — What do you think made the woman so nervous？— _______ weight. A. As she put on B. Put on C. Putting on D. Because of putting on 11. Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn 12. It was only with the help of the guide _____. A. was the mountain climber saved B. then the mountain climber was saved C. when the mountain climber was saved D. that the mountain climber was saved 13. It was _____ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home. A.repair B. repairing C. to repair D. in repair 14. Is this hotel ______ you said we were to stay in your letter？. A.that B. where C. the one D. in which 15. Please tell me the way you thought of ______ the garden. A. take care of B. to take care of C. taking care of D. how to take care of 16. A fast-food restaurant is the place _______，just as the name suggests，eating is performed quickly. A. which B. where C. there D. what 17. — Where do you think _____ he ____ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea. A. had；bought B. has；bought C. did；buy D. 不填；bought 18. In New Zealand，I made lots of friends _____ a very practical knowledge of the English language. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 19. I’m busy now. I’m sorry I can’t help _____ the flowers. A. watering B. watered C. waters D. to water
情态动词难点练习 一、单项选择情态动词 1．---We want someone to design the new art museum for me. ---_____ the young fellow have a try? A．Shall B．May C．Will D．Need 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：——我们想找人为我设计一个新的艺术博物馆。——是不是让这位年轻小伙子试一试？shall作为情态动词,用于二三人称,表示"询问"，"警告"，"允诺"，"命令"，"决心"，"强制"等语气。will作为情态动词，用于主语是各种人称的陈述句中，表示"意愿"和"倾向"。用于第二人称的疑问句中，表"请求"。故选A。 2．Using AI， many companies are now conducting experiments that__________ possible just a few years ago． A．would have been B．might have been C．shouldn't have been D．couldn't have been 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词表推测。句意：很多公司现在使用人工智能进行试验，这在几年前是不可能的。根据“a few years ago”可知，此处表示“过去不可能”，应该用couldn’t have done，故D 项正确。 3．The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm. A．should have avoided B．should be avoided C．could have avoided D．could have been avoided 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查“情态动词+完成式”。句意：如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静，这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。could have done“本来能做而没有做”，且句子主语The accident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系，结合句意可知答案为D。 【点睛】 情态动词+ have done结构： 1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通常只用于肯定句。如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. 2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use 历年中考英语易错选择题100题/含答案 1. It’s very warm-hearted ______ you to get the tickets ______ the World Cup. A. for, of B. of, for C. of, to D. to, for 2. How many teachers are there in your school? ______, I think. But I don’t know the exact number. A. hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Hundreds or thousands 3. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t 4. When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might 5. There ______ no hurry, need there? A. need be B. need to be C. doesn’t D. needs 6.______ the sports meeting might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D.I told 7. Shirley ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 8. We don’t allow ______ in this room. A. smoking B. to smoke C. people smoking D. people to smoking 9. I haven’t got a chair ______. Will you make room for me? A. to sit B. to sit in C. for sitting D. sitting on 10. It was so cold that the travelers had the fire ______ all the night. A. burning B. to burn C. burn D. burnt 11. She ______ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. A. looked for B. looked up C. looked after D. looked like 12. Every morning, WE are asked ______ taken our temperatures. A .if we have B. if have we C. if we had D. if had we 13. I will give ______ students ______ minutes for them to finish their exercise A. the other; other five B. the other; another five C. other; five more D. other; more five
第一章声现象 【知识梳理】 1、声音是由于物体振动而产生的，振动停止发声也就停止。 2、正在发声的物体叫做声源，固体、液体、气体都可以作为声源。 3、声音可以在固体、液体和气体中传播，但不能在真空中传播；能够传播声音的物质称为介 质；我们通常听到的声音是通过空气传播的。 4、声音是一种波，我们把它叫做声波。它能使物体振动，能粉碎体内小石，这些都表明声具 有能量，这种能量叫作声能。声音既能传递能量也能传递信息（听诊器）。 5、重点实验：证明振动发声（声音是由物体振动发出的）的实验必须用到转化法（或称为放 大法）即将微小物体与声源接触（如泡沫小球悬挂在音叉旁边；鼓皮上放小纸屑）；证明声音具有能量的实验必须使小物体如烛焰离开声源才能说明是由于声音的能量使烛焰跳动的。 6、反映声音特性的三个物理量是响度、音调、音色，人们通常将它们称为声音的三要素。 7、音调是指声音的高低，音调的高低决定于声源振动的频率，声源振动频率越大，声音的音 调越高。 8、声源振动的快慢常用每秒振动的次数---频率表示。频率的单位为赫兹，简称为赫，符号为 Hz。例如：某人的心跳的频率是1.2Hz，其意义是：某人的心脏每秒跳动1.2次 9、响度是指声音的强弱，振幅指声源振动的幅度；振幅越大声音的响度越大。试验中如果增大敲击乐器的力度，则可以增大振幅从而增大响度。 10、人们听到的声音的大小不仅跟振幅有关还与距声源的距离有关。除此之外，影响响度的另两个次要因素是声音的分散程度和传声介质的性能。 11、音调高的声音其响度不一定大，同理响度大的声音音调也不一定高。 12、弦乐器（弦振动）弦越短、越细、越紧其音调越高（即影响弦乐器音调的因素是弦的长短、粗细、松紧）；管乐器（空气柱振动）中的空气柱越短越细其音调越高（即影响管乐器音调的因素是空气柱的长短和粗细）。 13、即使在音调和响度相同的情况下，我们也能分辨出不同发声体发出的声音靠的是音色。 14、日常生活中的一些常用形容词如震耳欲聋、引吭高歌、高（大）声喧哗、低声细语、窃窃 私语形容的是声音的响度大小；声音尖细、脆如银铃、女高音，男低音等形容的是音调的高低；悦耳动听、模仿电子琴声，未见其人先闻其声等形容的都是音色。
中考英语易错题集锦 一、名词、冠词 1.– What can I do for you? -- I’d like two _______. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple 答案: B. (选择其它三项的同学要注意仔细看题.不要马虎, 这里box 和apple都是可数名词) 2.Help yourself to _________. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数) 3..________ it is today! A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.) 4.Which is the way to the __________? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory 答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.) 5.This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them. A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying 答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当“人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等) 6.We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two-month C. two mo nth’s D. two-months
浅谈情态动词用法难点 下面是同学们在使用情态动词时经常出现的问题，也是情态动词中的难点，而且又是近来高考的热点。 一、要注意一些同义、近义的情态动词的区别 1 . 表示可能性的can’t 与 may not 的区别。 can‘t 常常表示“不可能”、“一定不”，may not 表示“可能不、或许不”。很明显，can’t 比 may not 语气强，把握性大。如： The man standing over there _____ be Jack . He‘s go ne to Hong Kong . A . mustn’t B . can‘t C . won’t D . may not 说话者既然知道“He‘s gone to Hong Kong”，那么对“The man 不是Jack”一定满有把握，故正确选项为 B。 2 . 表示“能够”意义的 can 与 be able to 的区别。 凡表示“经过努力、设法做成某事”时不用 can，须用 be able to。如： The fire spread through the hotel very quickly , but everyone _____ get out . ( NMET97 ) A . had to B . would C . could D . was able to 句意为：大火弥漫整个旅馆，但人位学是设法逃了出来。故正确选项为D。 3 . 表示“不能”意义的can’t 与mustn‘t 的区别。 can’t 表示“不能”，是指无能力；mustn‘t 表示“不能”则指的是“禁止，不允许”。在口语里，can’t 也可表示“禁止，不允许”，但语气不如mustn‘t 强。如： ( 1 ) 他年纪小，不能上学。 【正】He is so young that he can’t go to school . ( 2 ) 里边正在开会，不能吵闹。 【正】There‘s meeting inside . You mustn’t make any noise . 【误】There is a meeting inside . You can‘t m ake any noise . 二、要注意几个使用的特定范围 1 . 表示推测时，can 不能用在肯定句中 ( 但 could 能 ) ；may 和 might 不能用在疑问句中。如： ( 1 ) Peter _____ come with us tonight , but he isn’t very sure yet . ( MET93 ) A . must B . may C . can D . will 句意为：Peter 有可能同我们一块儿来，但还不肯定。正确选项为 B。 ( 2 ) _____ it be a sunny day tomorrow? A . Can B . May C . Shall D . Should
人教版中考英语易错100道选择题专项练习题 ()1.—What_____to your city in recent years? —Lots of wide roads,tall buildings and beautiful parks have been built. A.takes place B.have happened C.has happened D.happened () 2.—Does your father still smoke? —No,he has succeeded in_____smoking for three years. A.giving up B.give up C.gives up D.gave up () 3.In the past,I often wrote letters to my friends.But now we keep in touch_____each other by telephones and the Internet. A.to B.of C.for D.with () 4. The family was_____poor_____they couldn’t buy a TV set. A.so;that B.not;until C.not;but D.so;but () 5.—_____my daughter is only ten years old,she knows a lot. —What a clever girl! A.Because B.Whether C.Though D.So ( ) 6.He got up______late______he was late for work today. A.such...as B.so...that C.very...that D.too...to ()7.______it rains heavily,______farmers are still working in the fields. A. Though,but B.Though,still C.Though,/ D.Although,but () 8. —I helped a disabled man yesterday. —_____wonderful experience! A.What B.How a C.How D.What a () 9.Jessie learned a lot______the book after reading it. A.from B.Of C.at D.with
英语情态动词难点、易错点含答案 一、初中英语情态动词 1．—Mum, I play football this afternoon? —Sure, but you finish your homework first. A. may; could B. can; must C. can; mustn't D. may; can't 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：－妈妈，今天下午我能踢足球吗？－当然，但是你必须先完成作业。前句提请求，can,may都可以；后句，由sure可知后句用肯定回答。Could表示一种委婉的语气；must表示主观愿望：必须。妈妈要求孩子“必须”先完成作业。故选B。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析，may表示请求时候的回答用语。 2．—How amazing this robot is! —Wow, it has video cameras in its eyes, so it “see” and intera ct with people. A. may B. can C. must D. should 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—这个机器人多么惊人啊！—哇，在它的眼睛里有摄像机，因此它能看见和人打交道。A. may 可以，可能；表示许可，B. can 能；表示能力，C. must 必须；D. should应该；根据it has video cameras in its eyes,可知是有能力看见，故选B。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析。熟记情态动词的含义和用法。 3．A hard-working man ______ become a great scientist, but a great scientist _______ be a hard-working man. A. can't; can B. may not; must C. can't; must D. may not; can 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：一个勤奋的人可能不会成为一位伟大的科学家，但是一位伟大的科学家一定是一个勤奋的人。can't不可能，不会；can可能，能，会；may not 可能不；must 必须，一定；结合句意，可知，第一个空为“可能不”，第二个空为“一定”，故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词表推测时的意义和用法。 4．Look at t he sign! It says “No Smoking!” You ________ smoke here. It's dangerous. A. mustn't B. ought not to C. needn't D. don't have to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：看这个标志！上面写道“禁止吸烟！“你不能抽烟。这是危险的。 A.mustn't 禁止，不允许； B.ought not to不应该，不应当； C.needn't不必； D.don't have to 不必。根据“No Smoking!”可知此处禁止吸烟，故答案为A。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词的意义和用法。 5．—Shall we meet at the station at 9 a.m.?
1. It’s very warm-hearted ______ you to get the tickets ______ the World Cup. A. for, of B. of, for C. of, to D. to, for 2. How many teachers are there in your school? ______, I think. But I don’t know the exact number. A. hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Hundreds or thousands 3. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t 4. When he was there, he ______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might 5. There ______ no hurry, need there? A. need be B. need to be C. doesn’t D. needs 6.______ the sports meeting might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D.I told 7. Shirley ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 8. We don’t allow ______ in this room. A. smoking B. to smoke C. people smoking D. people to smoking 9. I haven’t got a chair ______. Will you make room for me? A. to sit B. to sit in C. for sitting D. sitting on 10. It was so cold that the travelers had the fire ______ all the night. A. burning B. to burn C. burn D. burnt 11. She ______ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. A. looked for B. looked up C. looked after D. looked like 12. Every morning, WE are asked ______ taken our temperatures. A .if we have B. if have we C. if we had D. if had we 13. I will give ______ students ______ minutes for them to finish their exercise A. the other; other five B. the other; another five C. other; five more D. other; more five 14. I called you just now, but you weren’t in Sorry, I ______ the reading room. A. was in B. have gone to C. studied D. had been to 15. The family ______ at the lunch table when someone came to tell them what had happened at ______. A. were sitting; Mr Brown B. were sitting; Mr Brown’s C. was sitting; Mr Brown D. was sitting; Mr Brown’s 16. Have you ______ your father recently? No. He doesn’t often write to me. A. heard about B. heard of C. heard from D. got from 17. ______did you sleep last night? I was reading too late to fall asleep. A. How long B. was doing C. How soon D. How 18. Has Jack finished his homework yet? I’ve no idea, But he ______ it the who le afternoon. A. would do B. was doing C. did D. had done 19. He’s never stolen anything before, ______ he? ______. It’s his third time to be taken to police station. A. hasn’t; Yes B. is; Yes C. has; Yes D. has; No 20. I will spend as much time as I ______ the lesson.
《声音的产生与传播》教学设计 山东省阳信县实验中学常俊山 【设计思想】 初二学生由于刚刚进入物理学科的学习，会感到物理与自己的生活有很大距离。因此拉近物理与生活的关系，激起学生学习物理的兴趣是非常关键的。而《声音的产生和传播》这节课的内容特点决定了它和学生的生活紧密相关，因此，本节课的设计就从充分发挥学生的积极主动性，通过探究活动体验探究的过程和方法出发，在教师引导下，使学生通过亲自动手实验和对实验现象及收集的信息进行对比分析，得出结论。在探究的过程中，激发学生的创造潜能，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，使学生的动手能力得到锻炼，同时也感到物理就在自己的生活之中。 【教学目标】 一、知识与技能 1．通过观察和实验初步认识声音产生和传播的条件。 2．知道声音是由物体振动发生的。 3．知道声音传播需要介质，声音在不同介质中传播的速度不同。 二、过程与方法 1．通过观察和实验的方法探究声音是如何产生的？声音是如何传播的？ 2．通过探究活动，培养学生初步的观察能力和掌握初步研究问题的方法。 三、情感态度与价值观 1．通过教师、学生双边的教学活动，激发学生的学习兴趣和对科学的求知欲望，使学生乐于探索自然现象和日常生活中的物理学道理。 2．注意在活动中培养学生善于与其他同学合作的意识。 3．学会用物理知识来描述生活中声现象。 【教学重点】 1．发声的物体在振动。 2．声音的传播需要介质。 【教学难点】
引导学生观察、探究声音传播的条件以及解释生活中的声传播现象。 【教学方法】 观察法、实验探究法、讨论法 【教师准备】 音叉、小锤、铁架台、带有细线的乒乓球、水槽、水、真空玻璃罩、抽气机、烧杯。 【学生准备】 橡皮筋、细线、铅笔、白纸、细砂、小闹钟（或小收音机）、小石头、塑料袋等。 【教学过程】 一、创设情境、引入新课 媒体播放：海涛声、砂轮与工件的摩擦声、优美的歌声、琴声、锣鼓声、神奇的超声波等。 引导提问：声音是怎样产生的呢？为什么会有各种各样、千差万别的声音呢？ 导入课题：我们听到的如此优美的乐曲及大千世界里如此丰富多彩的声音是怎样产生的，又是怎样传播的呢？我们今天就来学习《声音的发生和传播》。 二、进行新课 问题一：声音是怎样产生的？ 学生讨论：如此丰富多彩的声音是怎样产生的呢？ 引导比较：1．让学生感知比较说话与不说话时喉咙部位的情况。 2．观察比较按紧的直尺不发声与拨动发声时的情况。 3．观察比较烧杯中的静水与向烧杯中倒水发声时水的情况。 4．让观察比较拉紧的橡皮筋发声与不发声时的情况。