A Survey About Zhangjiajie
Zhangjiajie is situated in the northwest of Hunan province, in the juncture of the Yunan-Guizhou Plateau and the subsidence of Donating Lake, stretching over the area from between 109'40 to 110'20 E to between 28'52 to 29'48 N. It is bounded by Shimen county and Taoyuan county on the east, Yuanling county on the south, and Hefeng, Xuan'en of Hubei province on the north. The city stretches 167 km from east to west, and 96 km from north to south at best. Zhangjiajie city covers an area of 9,653 square kilometers, which accounts for 4.5 percent of Hunan province.
The landform is complex in Zhangjiajie, including mountains, lava, hills, plains, etc. Mountainous area takes up 76 percent of the total. The most characteristic feature is the quartzes sandstone landform, which is rare in the world. The city is higher on the northwest, and tilts along Li River to the south. Wuling mountains, divided from Yunwu Mountain in Guizhou province, are again divided into some branches across the city . There are mountains over mountains in the city and many abrupt peaks and low lands. The highest point is 1890.4 meters above the sea level, and the lowest 75 meters. Zhangjiajie is a city under the direct administration of provincial government, and has jurisdiction over Yongding, Wuling districts, and Cili, Sangzhi counties. Up to the end of 1999, it has a population of 1.55 million, of which 1.13 million are minorities which accounts for 73.1 percent of the total population.
Climate
Zhangjiajie is located in the middle latitude in the north hemisphere, and falls into the category of subtropical humid monsoon climate. It has enough sunshine, rich rainwater, long frost-free period, short cold period and quite different four seasons. The annual average sunshine hours, temperature, the amount of rainfall is 1440 hours, 16 degree C and 1400 mm respectively. The average frost-free period over the past years is about 216 to 269 days a year. The climate of this kind benefits the total development of agriculture, forestry, husbandry, subsidiary and fishery. However, influenced by the special landforms and groundfeature, the climate is complex and changeable in the city. Droughts, floods, storms, hails and other disasters occasionally happen.
Natural Ecological Environment
Zhangjiajie is known for its unique tourist resources. Wulingyuan Scenic Area, made up of the First National Forest Park--Zhangjiajie and two nature reserves-Suoxi Gully and Emperor Mountain, possesses 369 square kilometers. The main land feature is quartzes sandstone that is rare in the world. It is a perfect combination of the beauty of Guilin, the queerness of Huang Mountain, the peril of Hua Mountain and the magnificence of Tai Mountain. Pavilions, bridges, caves, lakes and waterfalls are everywhere. Consequently, it enjoys the name of "an enlarged potted landscape", "a miniature fairyland".
Zhangjiajie is a treasure house for natural resources. There are woody plants of 106 families, 320 genera and 850 species, backboned animals of 146 species. Among them 56 species of plants and 40 species of animals are under national protection. Precious plants include gingko, Chinese dovetrees, Chinese yew, cherry and so on.
Valuable medicinal herbs include glossy ganoderma, the tuber of elevated gastrodia, the tuber of multiflower knotweed, the bark of eucommia and so on; while rare animals, the giant salamander, unicorn, Sumen antelope, south China tiger, leopard, macaque, zibet and so on.
Zhangjiajie enjoys its rich forest resources. It has 1012 acres for forest, which covers 64.61 percent of the entire city and ranks NO.1 in Hunan province. The project of "Beautifying, Purifying and Illuminating" is being carried out. There are 1.55 square meters green land per person. Undoubtedly, it is an ideal ecological tourist zone and an international holiday village.
Economy
Before reform and opening up, the main economy in Zhangjiajie is traditional agriculture and the only industry is limited to the self-sufficient "five small industries". After the year 1978 when the 11th Commission of the Communist Party of China was held, opening-up policy promotes the development of tourism, which in turn boosts the regional economy and people's living standard. Over a decade since the foundation of the city, the municipal government has attached great importance to the tourism as a pillar industry to promote the development of the economy and have made great achievements. Zhangjiajie is becoming world-famous step by step.
Culture
Zhangjiajie raises excellent people and contains various resources. The long history of many nations, original customs together with modern culture contribute to a colorful painting.
Zhangjiajie is a habitation for minority nationalities. During the long history, Han people, Tujia people, Miao people, Bai people together with the people of other nationalities co-create a unique culture.
Zhangjiajie, a fairyland gathering essence of the heaven, has brought up thousands of elites in the hundreds of years. Among them, there are He Long-the great Chinese proletarian revolutionary leader, one of the founders of PLA, one of the ten marshals in China; Xiang Dakun, the leader of a great peasant uprising; He Pengfei, an assistant commandant in the navy of PLA; Liu Mingdeng, a chief of Taiwan soldiers in Qing Dynasty; and Chen Nengkuan, the receiver of "Two Missiles & One Satellite Medals". Due to the reform and opening-up for more than two decades, special culture, campus culture, community culture, traveling culture, and other modern cultures constitute the lively and colorful culture world of Zhangjiajie; while inheriting traditional advantages and creating some new features as well. Now the number of cultural entertainment places, including cinemas, singing-dancing halls, cultural clubs, parks reaches more than 1000. The city also enjoys 3 public libraries with 105,000 books, 5 regional TV stations and 5 broadcasting stations, which cover all the urban and rural areas. There are 1599 schools of all levels with 251,100 students in all.
Zhangjiajie is named after the Zhangjiajie Scenic Area. In 1979 Zhangjiajiese
found this rare forest in the world. In 1982, after the permission of the State Council, the State Planning Committee approved Zhangjiajie to be the first national forest park in China. In 1988, Dayong city where Zhangjiajie is located, jointly combined with Sangzhi where the Emperor Mountain lies and Cili where Suoxi Gully sits, became a city under the direct administration of provincial government. In 1992, Wulingyuan nature reserve, consisting of Zhangjiajie national forest park, the Emperor Mountain reserve and Suoxi Gully reserve, has been listed in the "World Natural Heritage" by UNESCO. In 1994, Dayong city was renamed as Zhangjiajie city under the permission of the State Council. Now, Zhangjiajie has basically become a large-scale, high-rank tourist resort where mountains, lakes, caves and historical culture and special customs are well blended in the area of 500 square kilometers. It has Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Emperor Mountain reserve and Suoxi Gully reserve as its core, and Maoyan River, Nine-Heaven cave, Five-Thunder Mountain, and the Universal Light Temple as its satellite tourist resorts. So far, more than 20 scenic spots have been explored, and more than 30 tourist routes have been formed. The total traveling lane adds up to more than 500 km.
旅游英语口语：张家界 Acrophobiacs beware… China’s newest bridge isn’t for the faint of heart. 恐高症人群注意了……中国新造的这座桥可不适合胆小的人。 Stretching 380m across a section of Zhangjiajie’s Grand Canyon, the new pedestrian bridge will have a completely glass floor. Visitors who dare venture forth can see the full 300m drop to the canyon’s bottom below. Construction is expected to be complete in July, and the bridge will open to visitors in October. 该桥横跨张家界大峡谷的一部分，长达380米，新的人行天桥桥 面的完全是玻璃制造。冒险的游客们能够从上面看到300米以下的峡 谷底部。建造预计7月彻底完工，桥将在10月向游客们开放。 This isn’t the region’s first towering glass floor – a glass skywalk hugs the cliff of Tianmen Mountain – but the Grand Canyon instalment is expected to be the longest and tallest glass-bottomed bridge in the world. Outside of setting records, the glass architecture is meant to minimise any disruption to the surrounding scenery. 和该地区建立的第一座玻璃底桥——拥抱天门山悬崖的人行天桥 相比，它可能不是第一座玻璃桥，但有望成为世界上最长的玻璃底桥。除了打破纪录以外，这座玻璃建筑意味着减少了遮掩周围景色的部分。 “I believe in nature, harmony, balance and beauty. Nature is beautiful as is,” said Haim Dotan, the Tel Aviv-based architect who designed the bridge’s concept. “The Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge was designed to be invisible as possible –a white bridge disappearing into the clouds.”
张家界天门山英文导游词
张家界天门山英文导游词 Friends: I believe we are not unfamiliar to the Tianmenshan Mountain. Held in November 1999 World Grand Prix aerobatic, the completion of the human first flew across the feat of a natural cave, all of a sudden the Tianmen Mountain, the name into the common people's field of vision. How many people want to see the presence of Tianmenshan Mountain, today, you finally got it! Tianmen Mountain away from Zhangjiajie City on the south side of about 8 km, 1.93 km wide from north to south of the peak, 196 km from east to west, area of 2.2 square kilometers, elevation of 1518.6, it by the development of a more complete karst difference in Wulingyuan sandstone peak forest landscape is a surrounded by cliffs stand shape Gushan. Tianmen Shandong Han said the song Liangshan, three for mountain wall open a door, Wu Sun King Hugh think is a good omen and
（注：中英不是对应的） 天门山（英文名：Tian Menshan Mountain），位于湖南省张家界永定区，因自然奇观天门洞而得名，也因天门洞而蜚声世界，被誉为“湘西第一神山”、“武陵之魂”和“张家界之魂”。[1] 简史 三国时期，263年，天门山突然裂开一个大洞，当地官员报告给吴国君主孙休，孙休认为是吉兆，故而命名“天门洞”。[1] 1992年7月，天门山被批准为国家森林公园。[1] [] 地理 天门山的主峰海拔为1518.6米，平均海拔在1400米之上。天门山国家森林公园面积达190多平方公里。天门山始于燕山运动，后经过喜马拉雅山造山运动，以及千万年的风雨剥蚀，形成了喀斯特台型地貌。植被属于原始次生林。[1] [] 景观 [] 天门山索道 天门山索道线路斜长7455米，上、下站水平高差1279米，是世界最长的单线循环脱挂抱索器车厢式索道。 [] 鬼谷栈道 天门山的侧壁上有鬼谷洞因而得名。 [] 通天大道盘山公路 天门山的盘山公路全长10.77公里。从山脚一直蜿蜒而上山顶。 [] 天门洞 天门洞高131.5米，宽57米，深60米。
[] 李娜别墅 河南籍歌手李娜1997年5月23日游览天门山，6月6日将户口迁移到张家界永定区，并且建筑李娜别墅一栋于天门山山顶，一月之后在山西五台山普寿寺出家为尼。后出走美国。 [] 天门山寺 明朝汉传佛教寺庙。 Tianmen Mountain (Chinese: 天门山; pinyin: Tiān mén Shān) is a mountain located within Tianmen Mountain National Park, Zhangjiajie, in northwestern Hunan Province, China A cablecar was constructed by the French company Poma from nearby Zhangjiajie railway station to the top of the mountain. Tianmen Mountain Cableway is claimed in tourist publications as the "longest passenger cableway of high mountains in the world", with 98 cars and a total length of 7,455 metres and ascent of 1,279 metres. The highest gradient is an unusual 37 degrees. Tourists can walk on kilometres of paths built onto the cliff face at the top of the mountain, including sections with glass floors. An 11km road with 99 bends also reaches the top of the mountain and takes visitors to Tianmen cave, a natural hole in the mountain of a height of 131.5 metres.[4] A large temple is also located on the summit with chairlift or footpath access. The original temple here was built in the Tang Dynasty. Today a more recent construction with Tang dynasty architecture occupies the site and includes a vegetarian restaurant in the 10000 square metre setting.
A Survey About ZhangJiajie City Zhangjiajie is situated in the northwest of Hunan province, in the juncture of the Yunan-Guizhou Plateau and the subsidence of Donating Lake, stretching over the area from between 109'40 to 110'20 E to between 28'52 to 29'48 N. It is bounded by Shimen county and Taoyuan county on the east, Yuanling county on the south, and Hefeng, Xuan'en of Hubei province on the north. The city stretches 167 km from east to west, and 96 km from north to south at best. Zhangjiajie city covers an area of 9,653 square kilometers, which accounts for 4.5 percent of Hunan province. The landform is complex in Zhangjiajie, including mountains, lava, hills, plains, etc. Mountainous area takes up 76 percent of the total. The most characteristic feature is the quartzes sandstone landform, which is rare in the world. The city is higher on the northwest, and tilts along Li River to the south. Wuling mountains, divided from Yunwu Mountain in Guizhou province, are again divided into some branches across the city . There are mountains over mountains in the city and many abrupt peaks and low lands. The highest point is 1890.4 meters above the sea level, and the lowest 75 meters. Zhangjiajie is a city under the direct administration of provincial government, and has jurisdiction over Yongding, Wuling districts, and Cili, Sangzhi counties. Up to the end of 1999, it has a population of 1.55 million, of which 1.13 million are minorities which accounts for 73.1 percent of the total population. Climate Zhang is located in the middle latitude in the north hemisphere, and falls into the category of subtropical humid monsoon climate. It has enough sunshine, rich rainwater, long frost-free period, short cold period and quite different four seasons. The annual average sunshine hours, temperature, the amount of rainfall is 1440 hours, 16 degree C and 1400 mm respectively. The average frost-free period over the past years is about 216 to 269 days a year. The climate of this kind benefits the total development of agriculture, forestry, husbandry, subsidiary and fishery. However, influenced by the special landforms and groundfeature, the climate is complex and changeable. Droughts, floods, storms, hails and other disasters occasionally happen.
Dear leaders, friends of the travel industry, the press, ladies and gentlemen: Very happy to have such an opportunity to introduce the beautiful Zhangjiajie. Zhangjiajie is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, wuling Mountain hinterland, is the world's rare tourist resources rich, with mountains and waters, ethnic minority customs, red history and culture, outdoor and other unique tourism resources. In particular, Wulingyuan Scenic Area is famous for the world's best-printed quartz sandstone peak forest canyon landscape wonders, "three thousand qifeng" "eight hundred beautiful water" composed of a magnificent, beautiful landscape painting, by the International Geomorphologistassociation Association named "Zhangjiajie landscape", is the film "Avatar" Hallelujah Mountain prototype mountain, known as " suspended alien world." With the appearance of Zhangjiajie's western line tourism, Zhangjiajie "Samsung Arch Moon - Regional Tourism" the basic pattern is roughly formed. The main purpose of this promotion is to meet the needs of European and American tourists, to promote natural scenery, ethnic customs and outdoor sports three major themes of tourism products. First of all to the natural scenery as the theme, focus on the
相关资料 机密 启用前 张家界市2015 年初中毕业学业考试试卷 英语 请同学们注意： 本次考试包括听力技能、知识运用、阅读技能和写作技能四个大题，闭卷。听力测试采取在考室放录音的方式，听力材料以中速朗读两遍。 本试卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分。请同学们务必按要求用笔，填涂和书写要工整、清晰、 规范，卷面要整洁。全部答案必须按要未填涂或书写在答题卷中相对应题号的空白处，千万不要在答题区域之外答题。选择题符合题意的答案只有一个，不选、多选、错选，均不得 分。非选择题只要符合题意，均可酌情给分。 本试卷满分120 分，考试时间120 分钟。 考试结束后，请将答题卷和试题卷一并交回。 题目不难，时间充裕，相信你们一定能考出好成绩！柷你们好运！【2015 张家界】1. 听力技能（四个部分，共20 小题，满分25 分） 【2015 张家界】A) 听句子（共5 小题，满分5 分） 选择与所听句子意思相关的图画(图画有多余选项)。 张家界市2015 年初中毕业学业考试英语试卷第1 页（共7 页)
【2015 张家界】B) 听对话（共 5 小题，满分5 分） 根据所听内容从A、B、C 三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题。 6.How do most people get around this city? A.On foot. B.By bike. C.By bus. 7.What is Megan doing? A.She is reading. B.She is calling. C.She is singing. 8.Does the girl want an iced coffee or a hot coffee? A.An iced coffee. B.A hot coffee. C.Neither. 9.Why doesn’t the boy want the shirts? A.Because they are too old B.Because he doesn’t like their color. C.Because he can’t wear them. 10.When’s the school trip? A.Today. B.Tomorrow. C.The day after tomorrow. 【2015 张家界】C) 听对话（共5 小题，满分 5 分） 根据所听内容从A、B、C 三个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项。 11.don’t like to play soccer. A. The man B. The boys C. The girls 张家界市2015 年初中毕业学业考试英语试卷第2 页（共7 页)
英语试卷 第1页(共16页) 英语试卷 第2页(共16页) 绝密★启用前 张家界市2018年普通初中学业水平考试 英 语 (满分100分,考试时间120分钟) 第一部分 听力(共三节,满分20分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1分,满分5分) 听下面五段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话读两遍。 1. What club does Lisa want to join? A. The sports club. B. The chess club. C. The music club. 2. Is Grace at home? A. Yes, she is. B. No, she isn’t. C. Sorry, I don’t know. 3. Why does Tom like pandas? A. Because they are ugly. B. Because they are handsome. C. Because they are cute. 4. How often does Cheng Tao read? A. Every day. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. 5. Who is taller? A. Bill. B. Laura. C. Bill’s elder sister. 第二节(共5小题；每小题1分,满分5分) 听下面2段对话,每段对话后有2~3个小题,从每题所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 听第6段对话,回答第6和第7两个小题。 6. What’s Linda doing? A. She’s cleaning her room. B. She’s doing her homework. C. She’s cooking at home 7. Why does Jim call Linda ？ A. To invite her to the supermarket. B. To invite her to watch a movie. C. To invite her to have dinner. 听第7段对话,回答第8至第10三个小题。 8. When did Tina go to Sanya? A. Last summer. B. This spring. C. This summer. 9. How did Tina go there? A. By bus. B. By plane. C. By train. 10. Did she play volleyball? A. Yes, she did. B. No, she didn’t. C. No, she doesn’t. 第三节(共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分) 听下面一段独白,根据所听内容填空。听独白前,你将有15秒钟的时间阅读表格中 第二部分 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分) 通读下面短文,从每题所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中,选出最佳选项填空,使短文意思通顺、结构完整。 A Last weekend we went camping in a small village in India. First, we took a long bus ride to a lake in the countryside. Then we 16 our tents and made a fire to keep us 17 and cook food on. On the first night, we just sat under 18 moon and told each other stories. The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. When we looked out of our 19 , we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. I was so scared 20 I couldn’t move. We shouted to our parents for help. My dad started 21 up and down in the tent. This woke the snake up and it moved away. My dad told 22 later that snakes don’t have ears but can feel things moving. He 23 told me it was important not to go near a snake. This was a very useful lesson for me. 16. A. put up B. put down C. gave up 17. A. cool B. cold C. warm ------------- 在 --------------------此 -------------------- 卷--------------------上 -------------------- 答-------------------- 题--------------------无 -------------------- 效---------------- 毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
Concept of Zhangjiajie Zhangjiajie City is located on the northwestern border of Hunan Province. Covering an area of 9,516 square kilometers (about 3,674 square miles), there are four areas under its governance: Yongding District and Wuling District, Cili County and Sangzhi County. The city enjoys subtropical moist mountain climate, thus for visitors it is an ideal place to spend one's holiday. Zhangjiajie City Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province is located in the northwest of nearly 400 square kilometers of quartz sandstone peak forest landform, is one of the world and the only out-of-print .Among these, the mountains cover 76 percent of the total area. The world-famous natural heritage site 'Wulingyuan Scenic Area' is located on the base of these great mountains. Areas worth visiting include Zhangjiajie National Forest Park (known as China's first national forest park), Suoxiyu Natural Resource Reserve, and Tianzi Mountain Natural Resource Reserve .and yangjiajie The scenic area hosts many natural features including: mountains, forests, caves, lakes and waterfalls and perhaps there are more than three thousand rock ridges and eight hundred ghylls. Zhangjiajie scenic spots Zhangjiajie scenic area is divided into large, zhangjiajie mational forest park, Yang Gujie nature reserve, tianzi mountain nature reserve, Souxiyu nature reserve four major scenic spots, kwon collectively as the wulingyuan scenic area. Yang Gujie Yang Gujie is located in the west of zhangjiajie, son of heaven mountain, west Yuan Gujie, only the kilometers from zhangjiajie forest park. More than 1000 meters about sea level, is one of four core Zhangjiajie tourist attractions, including oolong walled, air corridor, and three, the bandits nest sites has been included in the Zhangjiajie classic tour routes. Eight archduke mountain (八大公山) Eight archduke mountain nature reserve is 85 km form Sangzhi country, in the northern and of the Wuling mountains, LiShui river source, its main cape mountain 1890 meters above sea level, to the to of the Wuling mountain scenic area by the cape mountain, fir boundary, day PingShan five forest region, a total area of 44900 hectares, is a national nature reserve, is the largest is southern China’s Yangtze river, the most complete preservation of the primeval forest. Yuan GuJie (袁家界) Yuan GuJie is located in the Chinese fir knife gap effect, is located in the core of the ZhangJiaJie world natural heritage, elevation 1000 meters, surrounded by steep cliffs, stands in the WuLing mountain area, just seem to tower. Predominantly quartzite in the composition of a massive and more gentle mountains. HuangShi village (黄石寨) Also name Huang ShiZhai huangshi village, formerly know as the yellow silk village, Huang village. For the ancient there was a man named Huang Shigong
湖南省张家界市2017年普通初中学业水平 考试试卷·英语 本卷难度：适中创新题：5、6、10易错题：7、14、16较难题：12、27、30 考生注意：本试卷共四道大题，满分100分，时量120分钟。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分） 做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面五段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话读两遍。 1. What is the boy looking for? A. A book. B. A basketball. C. A table. 2. Is Lucy’s father an engineer? A. Yes, he is. B. No, he isn’t. C. Sorry, I don’t know. 此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除
3. How was the weather in Hainan last week? A. It was snowy. B. It was sunny. C. It was rainy. 4. Where does Kate’s grandfather live? A. In a city. B. In town. C. In the countryside. 5. What day is it today? A. It’s Friday. B. It’s Saturday. C. It’s Sunday. 第二节（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面2段对话，每段对话后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 听第6段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。 6. Who is talking with the doctor? A. Mr. Zhang. B. Mr. Wang. C. Mr. Li. 7. Why does he go to see the doctor? A. Because he has a cold. B. Because he has a fever. 此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除
Tourism Resources Zhangjiajie is known for its unique tourist resources and as a treasure trove of natural resources. Surrounding the city are the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, the Suoxi Gully Reserve, with the Maoyan River, Nine-Heaven Cave, Five-Thunder Mountain, and the Universal Light Temple further afield. More than 20 scenic spots have been explored, and more than 30 tourist routes have been formed. Zhangjiajie's recreational activities include modern activities and facilities such as Internet bars, tennis, bowling, basketball, soccer, sauna, salt baths and so on in the city proper and the Wulingyuan Scenic Area. 张家界市因独特的旅游资源而得名，它是一笔被发现的天然财富。在城市周围是张家界国家森林公园。索溪峪大峡谷保护区和茅岩河，九天洞，五指山，宇宙光寺环绕在远处。二十多个旅游景点已经被开发，行成了三十多条旅游路线。张家界的娱乐活动包括现代活动与配套设施，在市中心和武陵源景区有互联网，有酒吧，排球，保龄球，篮球，足球，桑拿浴，盐浴，等等。 Zhangjiajie Forest National Park Zhangjiajie Forest National Park is located in the south of Wulingyuan Scenic Area, covering an area of 130 square kilometers. The park was established to be the first forest national park in China in 1982. Together with the Suoxi Valley, Tianzi Mountain and Yangjiazhai Scenic Ranges, they compose of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area, which was listed in the World Heritage Directory by UNESCO and became a world-famous heritage in 1992. Zhangjiajie National Forest Park is famous for its queer rocks. Over thousands peaks are in various forms. It is well-known for springs between stones, streams along valleys and waterfalls on precipices. 张家界国家森林公园坐落在武陵源景区的南部。有130平方千米。建于1982年，这是中国首个建立的国家级森林公园。和索溪峪大峡谷，天子山和组成了武陵源四大景区。1992年，被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产名录，并成为世界著名遗产。张家界国家森林公园以奇特的岩石而闻名。山峰的形状各不相同。众所周知，在春天，悬崖上的瀑布掩映着峡谷的岩石，溪流显得格外美丽。 Tianzi Mountain The mountain's name came from the fact that Xiang Dakun, the man who led the local farmers' revolt called himself Tianzi---the Son of Heaven after the revolt. Surrounded by Suoxi Valley on the east, Zhangjiajie on the south, Sangzhi County on the north, Tianzi Mountain is one of the four scenic zones in Wulingyuan. It lies on the highest point of "Golden Triangle" with an area of 67 square kilometers. The landscape in Tianzi Mountain is natural and primeval. There is nothing artificial in the area. There is a saying
《张家界全域旅游公共标识语英文译写规范》 湖南地方标准征求意见稿编制说明 一、起草目的与意义 （一）目的 随着张家界旅游欧美市场的逐渐扩大，张家界市国际化既是一种需要，也是一种现实进程。在张家界市十三五规划的指导思想中，也明确提出了“旅游品牌向国际旅游目的地转变”的宏伟目标。湖南省在十三五规划中也明确提出了旅游强省的战略规划和全域旅游的概念，并确定了张家界市的龙头地位，在重点发展的12个休闲旅游区中，唯一以国际冠名的是张家界国际生态旅游度假区。而旅游产品的国际化离不开城市建设的国际化，城市建设的国际化首先就得着手城市国际语言环境建设，国际语言环境建设重中之重就是得规范公共场所双语标识的英文译法。因此，本项目的目的就是研制《张家界旅游全域双语标识英文译法地方标准》，以满足社会需求。 （二）意义1、社会意义 本项目完成后，能为张家界旅游全域双语标识英文翻译提供规范指南，全面改善张家界市国际语言环境，大幅度推进张家界市的国际化进程，提升张家界市的国际交往能力和国际合作水平，建成适宜外国友人工作、学习和生活的英语环境，从而助推十三五规划中张家界国际旅游城市目标的实现。 2、经济效益 语言经济学指出，语言环境也是投资环境。本项目助推张家界的国际语言环境建设，实际上就是在改善张家界的投资环境。本项目的经济效益主要表现在两个方面：首先，国际语言环境的改善，能大批量地吸引欧美市场的游客来张家界旅游，从而促进张家界旅游产业总值的提升；其次，本项目能间接地吸引国外资本来张家界投资，从而提升张家界市的招商引资能力，产生强大经济效益。 二、编制原则与依据 （一）编制原则． 所有翻译均遵循GB/T 30240提出的合法性、规范性、服务性、文明性原则，还遵循了以下原则。 1. “名从主人”的原则 专名的翻译一般遵循“名从主人”的原则，在译语中尽量彰显中国及张家界本土文化内涵。张家界境内国外企业、机构单位沿用原英文名称。 2.交际适用原则 所有翻译还遵从交际适用原则。首先保证对外跨文化交际目的的达成；其次考虑了回用的情况，确保地名和风景名胜的译名在不懂汉语的外国游客向不懂英语的本地人问路时有效沟通。在具体应用过程中，专名的音译遵循汉语拼音正词法基本规则和中文罗马字母拼写法相关要求，同时，在相关译介性文本中增补一个英语翻译或解释。 3.经济有效的原则 对于公共服务信息的翻译，在语义忠实的基础上还坚持经济有效原则，用最简练
Hunan is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning "south of the lake"). Hunan is sometimes called Xiang for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. Hunan borders Hubei in the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong to the south, Guangxi to the southwest, Guizhou to the west, and Chongqing to the northwest. It’s capital is Changsha. History Hunan entered the written history of China around 350 BC, when under the kings of the Zhou dynasty it became part of the State of Chu. Until then Hunan was a land of primeval（[pra?'mi:v?l]，原始的）forests, occupied by the ancestors（['?nsist?]，祖先, 祖宗）of the modern Miao, Tujia, Dong and Yao peoples, but starting at this time and for hundreds of years thereafter （此后， 在那之后）it was a magnet（有吸引力的人或物）for migration （[ma??gre???n]， 迁移，迁居，迁徙）of Han Chinese from the north, who cleared most of the forests and began farming rice in the valleys and plains. To this day, many of the small villages in Hunan are named after the Han families which originally （[?'r?d??n?li:]，起初，原来）settled there. Migration from the north was especially prevalent（['prev?l?nt]，普遍的, 盛行的, 流行的）during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties Periods, when nomadic （[n???m?d?k]，游牧的，流浪的）invaders overran （占领，侵害）the north. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Hunan was home to its own independent regime, Ma Chu. Hunan, was, together with Hubei, a part of the province of Huguang till the Qing dynasty. Hunan became an important communications center from its position on the Yangzi River (Changjiang) and on the Imperial（[im'pi?ri?l]，帝国的, 帝王的）Highway constructed between northern and southern China. Its land produced grain so abundantly（[??b?nd?ntl?]）that it fed many parts of China with its surpluses（['s?:pl?s]，过剩的）. The population continued to climb until, by the nineteenth century, Hunan was overcrowded and prone （[pr?un]）to（倾于）peasant（['pez?nt]，农民，农夫）uprisings（起义，暴动）.