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模具专业英语第八课

模具专业英语第八课
模具专业英语第八课

Lesson 8 Blanking Technique 第八课冲裁工艺

课文讲授,主要以教师翻译讲解和学生的参与理解翻译为主,在文章的学习中,识记专业词汇。

授课时间为45’×2

Cutting (Shearing) Operations 剪切加工

In the following discussion, certain die terminology will be used frequently, Figure 8-1 presents the terms most commonly encountered.

译文

下面的讨论中,会频繁使用特定的模具术语,图8-1表示的是最长用的名称。

分析

terminology术语

图8-1 简单模具的常用组件图8-2 模具剪切力

Shear Action in Die Cutting Operations 模具切削加工剪切操作The cutting of metal between die components is a shearing process in which the metal is stressed in shear between two cutting edges to the point of fracture, or beyond its ultimate strength.

译文

模具零件之间金属剪切是一个金属受到剪切边压力作用达到断裂值或超过临界强度的剪切过程。

分析

Component 断裂ultimate strength临界强度

The metal is subjected to both tensile and compressive stresses( Figure 8-2 ); stretching beyond the elastic limit occurs, then plastic deformation, reduction in area, and finally, fracturing starts through cleavage planes in the reduced area and becomes complete.

译文

金属受到张力和压力的共同作用(图8-2);拉力超过弹性极限,产生弹性变形,断面收缩,最后在断面收缩处从解理面产生断裂,并且完全断裂。

分析

tensile and compressive stresses张力和压力elastic limit弹性极限

reduction in are断面收缩cleavage plane解理面

The fundamental steps in shearing or cutting are shown in Figure 8-3.The pressure applied by the punch on the metal tends to deform it into the die opening. When the elastic limit is exceeded by further loading, a portion of the metal will be forced into the die opening in the form of an embossed pad on the lower face of the material. A corresponding depression results on the

upper face, as indicated at Figure 8-3a. As the load is further increased, the punch will penetrate the metal to a certain depth and force an equal portion of metal thickness into the die, as indicated at Figure 8-3b. This penetration occurs before fracturing starts and reduces the cross-sectional area of metal through which the cut is being made. Fracture will start in the reduced area at both upper and lower cutting edges, as indicated at Figure 8-3c. If the clearance is suitable for the material being cut, these fractures will spread toward each other and eventually meet, causing complete separation. Further travel of the punch will carry the cut portion through the stock and into the die opening.

译文

图8-3表示的是在剪切或切削中最基本的步骤。在金属上凸模产生的压力有将金属压入模腔的趋势。当增加载荷超过弹性极限时,金属的一部分在材料下面就会以以压入垫板的形式被压入模腔。上面就会有相应的凹坑,如图8-3a所示。随着载荷的进一步增加,凸模将穿透金属到一定深度,并迫使同样的金属厚度进入模具,如图8-3b所示。穿透发生在断裂之前,并且减少金属横截面面积,形成切口。断裂开始于上下剪切边的面积缩减区,如图8-3c所示。对于所需要剪切的材料,若间隙适当时,这些断口将相互扩展最终相遇,从而引起材料完全分离。加深凸模进程会切削部分穿过模座并进入模腔。

分析

elastic limit弹性极限die opening模腔penetrate穿透fracture 断裂cross-sectional area横截面面积

图8-3 金属剪切过程弹性变形/厚度减小/断裂

Center of Pressure 压力中心

If the contour to be blanked is irregularly shaped, the summation of shearing forces on one side of the center of the rain may greatly exceed the forces on the other side. Such irregularity results in a bending moment in the press ram, and undesirable deflections and misalignment. It is therefore necessary to find a point about which the summation of shearing forces will be symmetrical. This point is called the center of pressure, and is the center of gravity of the line that is the perimeter of the blank. It is not the center of gravity of the area.

The press tool will be designed so that the center of pressure will be on the axis of the press ram when the tool is mounted in the press.

译文

如果毛坯外形是不规则的外形,则一侧重心上的剪切力总合可能会远远超过另一侧的力。这些不规则会导致受压时的弯曲,不理想的偏差和不准。因此必须找到剪切力的总数对称的点。这个点就称为压力中心,而且是毛坯圆周线上重力的中心。不是面积的重力中心。

设计压力工具以使得工具加压时压力中心在压力机轴线上。

分析

Contour 外形irregularly 不规则地symmetrical对称的symmetrical圆周

gravity重力press ram压力机

Clearances间隙

Clearance is the space between the mating members of a die set. Proper Clearances between cutting edges enable the fractures to meet. The fractured portion of the sheared edge will have a clean appearance. For optimum finish of a cut edge, proper clearance is necessary and is a function of the type, thickness, and temper of the work material. Clearance, penetration, and fracture are shown schematically in Figure 8-4. In Figure 8-5, characteristics of the cut edge on stock and blank, with normal clearance, are shown schematically. The upper corner of the cut edge of the stock ( indicated by A') and the lower comer of the blank (indicated by A'-1 ) will have a radius where the punch and die edges, respectively, make contact with the material. This radiusing is due to the plastic deformation taking place, and will be more pronounced when cutting soil metals. Excessive clearance will cause a large radius at these comers, as well as a burr on opposite comers.

译文

间隙模具装置匹配件之间的空隙。在切削边之间的合适间隙可以使得断裂相符。剪切边断裂部分会有一个光滑的表面。对于剪切边的最佳光洁度,合理的间隙是必要的而且是样式的功能、厚度和工件材料的回火。间隙、穿透和断裂如图8-4所示。在图8-5中表示了具有一般间隙的材料和毛坯上剪切的特点。余料剪切边的上面角(标记为A')以及毛坯下面的角(标记为A'-1 )将会有一个倒圆,这是凸模和模具边各自与材料接触产生的。这个圆角半径是由于材料发生塑性变形而引起的,并且在冲裁比较软的金属材料时圆角半径就会更明显。过大的间隙会引起大的圆角,并且在对应角上产生毛刺。

分析

Clearance间隙finish光洁度temper回火radius 倒圆burr 毛刺

Cutting Forces 剪切力

The force required to cut (shear) the work material can be calculated by using the following

译文

剪切工件材料所需的力可以用下式计算:

图8-5 模具剪切金属的剪切边特点;

过度间隙的影响(过大间隙/不足间隙/一般间隙)图8-4 凸凹模间隙;凸模进入和冲裁断裂

Stripping Forces卸料力

The force required to strip the work material off punches can be calculated by using the following formulas:

译文

工件材料卸离凸模所需力可以用下式计算:

Press Tonnage 压力吨位

This is a total of forces required to cut and form the part with a 30% safety factor added. In many cases, you will have to add stripping force if stripping is being done with a spring-loaded stripper, because the press has to compress the springs while cutting the material. Likewise, any spring pressure for forming, draw pads, and the like, will have to be added.

The force needed to punch a 2" (50.8 mm ) dia, hole in 1/8" (3.18 mm ) thick SAEI020 steel having a shear strength of 60000 psi (413,7 N/mm2) .

译文

这是剪切和工件成型所需的总力,并增加了30%的安全因素。在任何情况下,如果使用弹簧加载卸料板卸料必须加上卸料力,因为当剪切材料时压力要压上弹簧。同时,任何为了成型、起模板和类似的所用到的弹簧压力也要加上。

凸模需要压力2??,3.18mm厚??的孔剪切强度要达到60000pis.

分析

spring-loaded stripper弹簧加载卸料板draw pad起模板

课后练习(Practice)

Doing the exercise after the article-“question”, give the answer and translate your answer to others.

Questions

1.What is the center of pressure?

This point is called the center of pressure, and is the center of gravity of the line that is the perimeter of the blank. It is not the center of gravity of the area.

2.Describe shear action in die cutting operations.

3.What is the fundamental steps in shearing or cutting?

The fundamental steps in shearing or cutting are shown in Figure 8-3.The pressure

applied by the punch on the metal tends to deform it into the die opening. When the elastic limit is exceeded by further loading, a portion of the metal will be forced into the die

opening in the form of an embossed pad on the lower face of the material. A corresponding depression results on the upper face, as indicated at Figure 8-3a. As the load is further

increased, the punch will penetrate the metal to a certain depth and force an equal portion

of metal thickness into the die, as indicated at Figure 8-3b. This penetration occurs before fracturing starts and reduces the cross-sectional area of metal through which the cut is being made. Fracture will start in the reduced area at both upper and lower cutting edges, as indicated at Figure 8-3c. If the clearance is suitable for the material being cut, these fractures will spread toward each other and eventually meet, causing complete separation. Further travel of the punch will carry the cut portion through the stock and into the die opening.

4.Why is necessary for proper clearance in shearing or cutting?

Proper Clearances between cutting edges enable the fractures to meet. The fractured portion of the sheared edge will have a clean appearance. For optimum finish of a cut edge, proper clearance is necessary and is a function of the type, thickness, and temper of the work material.

5.When the contour to be blanked is irregularly shaped, why must the center of pressure be calculated?

Such irregularity results in a bending moment in the press ram, and undesirable deflections and misalignment. It is therefore necessary to find a point about which the summation of shearing forces will be symmetrical.

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C o m m e n c e m e n t o f t h e Commercial Operation of 600M W U n i t , "H i ro n o N o. 5Thermal Power Station of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc." Commercial operation of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station commenced in July 2004. This plant is a 600 MW coal-fired supercritical power plant. The main line-up of the plant, which features a steam turbine and a boiler, are supplied by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI). MHI set up this plant with a range of such key equipment along with ancillary facilities such as control systems, a flue gas treatment system, a wastewater treatment system, and stacks. This report gives a brief overview of the advanced technologies applied to the steam turbine and boiler of this plant supplied by MHI. 1. Introduction The Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station began com-mercial operation in July 2004. It is a 600 MW coal-fired,supercritical power plant that operates under the high-est global standards for steam conditions (24.5MPa x 600/600o C). The steam turbine has various advanced MHI tech-nologies, including the first 600 MW class two-casing turbine, high- and intermediate-pressure combined cas-ing developed by utilizing high temperature materials and cooling structures to cope with the ultra supercritical steam condition, 48 inch steel integral shroud blade (ISB), a new type of condenser, and a single shell deaerator cum storage tank. The boiler adopted in this plant has MHI's advanced technologies. They are reduced emission of NOx and unburned carbon with the A-PM burner and MRS pul-verizer. In addition, the vertical waterwall furnace that uses high temperature compatible materials and rifled tubes are adopted. Further, the plant is very much streamlined through the use of such simple systems and equipment as de-scribed below: (1) unification of air duct and flue gas duct into a single line through the adoption of a maximum capacity class fan, (2) unification of all feed water heaters into a single line, (3) unification of circulating water pumps into a single line, and (4) adoption of a plant starting system that does not rely on the boiler circulating pump. Since the plant is located in a narrow site adjacent to existing units operated using oil and gas, the overall arrangement of the plant has been improved by consult-ing with the Owner and is arranged in a more compact manner. Advanced MHI technologies have also been adopted in ancillary facilities. This includes the use of a dry se-lective catalytic NOx removal system, a high performance flue gas treatment system based on the harmonious de-sign of a double contact flow scrubber type flue gas desulfurization system with a low-low temperature dry electrostatic precipitator, an overall waste water treat-ment system, and self-supporting group stacks. In this way, MHI has drawn upon all of its competencies in es-tablishing this plant. 2. Steam turbine Figure 1Figure 1 shows an external view of the Hirono No. 5 steam turbine. Fig. 1 View of the 600 MW Hirono No.5 steam turbine HIROMASA MOMMA*1 TAKAYUKI SUTO*1RYUJI IWAMOTO*3 JUNICHI ISHIGURO*1TOSHIHIRO MIYAWAKI*2TSUYOSHI NAKAHARA*4

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