华兹华斯英文简介文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
W i l l i a m W o r d s w o r t h：William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads.
Wordsworth's masterpiece is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semi autobiographical poem of his early years which the poet revised and expanded a number of times. The work was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was England's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.
Biography：
Early life and education
The second of five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 in Cockermouth in Cumberland — part of the scenic region in north-west England, the Lake District. His sister, the poet and diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all his life, was born the following year. All of his siblings were destined to have successful careers. His elder brother Richard became a lawyer in London; John Wordsworth rose to the rank of Captain on a merchantman of the East India Company; and the youngest of the family, Christopher, became Master of Trinity College
at Cambridge. After the death of their mother in 1778, their father
sent William to Hawkshead Grammar School and sent Dorothy to live with relatives in Yorkshire. She and William did not meet again for another nine years. His father died when he was 13.[1]
Wordsworth made his debut as a writer in 1787 when he published a sonnet in The European Magazine. That same year he began attending St John's College, Cambridge, and received his . degree in 1791.[2] He returned to Hawkshead for his first two summer holidays, and often
spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting places famous for the beauty of their landscape. In 1790, he took a walking tour of Europe, during which he toured the Alps extensively, and also visited nearby areas of France, Switzerland, and Italy. His youngest brother, Christopher, rose to be Master of Trinity College.
Relationship with Annette Vallon
In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became enthralled with the Republican movement. He fell in love with a French woman, Annette Vallon, who in 1792 gave birth to their child, Caroline. Because of lack of money and Britain's tensions with France, he
returned alone to England the next year.[4] The circumstances of his return and his subsequent behaviour raise doubts as to his declared
wish to marry Annette but he supported her and his daughter as best he could in later life. During this period, he wrote his acclaimed "It is
a beauteous evening, calm and free," recalling his seaside walk with
his wife, whom he had not seen for ten years. At the conception of
this poem, he had never seen his daughter before. The occurring lines reveal his deep love for both child and mother. The Reign of Terror estranged him from the Republican movement, and war between France and Britain prevented him from seeing Annette and Caroline again for
several years. There are also strong suggestions that Wordsworth may have been depressed and emotionally unsettled in the mid 1790s.
With the Peace of Amiens again allowing travel to France, in 1802 Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy visited Annette and Caroline in France and arrived at a mutually agreeable settlement regarding Wordsworth's obligations
First publication and Lyrical Ballads
In his "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" which is called the 'manifesto' of English Romantic criticism, Wordsworth calls his poems ' experimental'. 1793 saw Wordsworth's first published poetry with the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. He received a legacy of ￡900 from Raisley Calvert in 1795 so that he could pursue writing poetry. That year, he also met Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Somerset. The two poets quickly developed a close friendship. In 1797, Wordsworth and
his sister, Dorothy, moved to Alfoxton House, Somerset, just a few
miles away from Coleridge's home in Nether Stowey. Together,
Wordsworth and Coleridge (with insights from Dorothy) produced Lyrical Ballads (1798), an important work in the English Romantic movement. The volume had neither the name of Wordsworth nor Coleridge as the author. One of Wordsworth's most famous poems, "Tintern Abbey", was published in the work, along with Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner". The second edition, published in 1800, had only Wordsworth listed as the author, and included a preface to the poems, which was significantly augmented in the 1802 edition. This Preface to Lyrical Ballads is considered a central work of Romantic literary theory. In it, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as the elements of a new type of poetry, one based on the "real language of men" and which avoids the poetic diction of much eighteenth-century poetry. Here, Wordsworth also gives his famous definition of poetry askeets "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings from emotions recollected in tranquility." A fourth and final edition of Lyrical Ballads was published in 1805.
Germany and move to the Lake District
Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge then travelled to Germany in the autumn of 1798. While Coleridge was intellectually stimulated by the trip, its main effect on Wordsworth was to produce homesickness.[4] During the harsh winter of 1798–1799, Wordsworth lived with Dorothy
in Goslar, and despite extreme stress and loneliness, he began work on
an autobiographical piece later titled The Prelude. He also wrote a number of famous poems, including "the Lucy poems". He and his sister moved back to England, now to Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District, and this time with fellow poet Robert Southey nearby. Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey came to be known as the "Lake Poets".[5] Through this period, many of his poems revolve around themes of death, endurance, separation, and grief.
《英国文学选读》课程基本信息 课程发展的历史沿革 南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。 早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材 奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”并作为英语专业系列教材”之一， 获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。该教材修订版已列入普通高等教育十五国家 级教材规划选题” 2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部新世纪网络课程建设工程”项 目正式立项，获经费12万元。 2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。 f ---------------- 探教学内容 英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄 更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。通过对本课程的学习，学 生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能 力和英语水平。 €--------------- la 探教学条件 英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的 优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式 呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。课件具有
英国文学知识简介(English Literature) 一、中古时期英语文学（Old and Medieval English Literature） 1．考核知识点和考核要求： 1) 英国中古时期主要的文学作品（《贝奥武甫》，《高文爵士与绿色骑士》） 2) 主要的作家、作家概况及其代表作品 2．英国中古时期的主要作家 杰弗里?乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。 约翰?德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。）二、英国文艺复兴时期文学（The Renaissance Period） 1．考核知识点和考核要求： 1) 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色、代表作品及其语言风格 2) 名词解释：十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗 2. 英国文艺复兴时期主要作家： 埃德蒙?斯宾塞Edmund Spenser （后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） 托马斯?莫尔Thomas More (欧洲早期空想社会主义的创始人，以其名著《乌托邦》而著名) 克里斯托夫?马洛C hristopher Marlowe （代表作《浮士德博士的悲剧》根据德国民间故事书写成;完善了无韵体诗。） 威廉?莎士比亚William Shakespeare （英国著名剧作家、诗人，著有“四大悲剧”）弗朗西斯?培根Francis Bacon （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）约翰?邓恩John Donne （“玄学派”诗人） 约翰?弥尔顿John Milton（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》） 三、英国新古典主义时期文学（The Neoclassical Period） 1．考核知识点和考核要求： 1) 主要作家及其主要作品、作品的艺术特色及其文学流派。 2) 启蒙运动产生的背景。 2．英国新古典主义时期文学主要作家： 约翰?德莱顿John Dryden（批评家和戏剧家；在英国被封为第一位“桂冠诗人”；最先提出“玄学诗人”一词；他创造的"英语偶句诗体",成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一。） 亚历山大?蒲柏Alexander Pope （18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。） 丹尼尔?笛福Daniel Defoe（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。） 塞缪尔?理查森Samuel Richardson （小说开始审视“发生于内心的东西”,代表作《帕米拉》《克拉丽莎》） 亨利?菲尔丁Henry Fielding （英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父“）乔纳森?斯威夫特Jonathan Swift（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家。高尔基称他为世界“伟大文学创造者之一”。） 约翰?班扬John Bunyan （代表作《天路历程》，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005. Thank you. I’m honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy, do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life. And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuit ion. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea
华兹华斯文献综述 当我们在品读诗歌时，经常想要找出诗人写作的目的，想要知道他的思想，兴趣，一切的一切。不管身处何时何地，在诗人们当中，有太多的相同点和不同点。找出这些对于学习诗歌来说是非常必要的。本文旨在对比李白和华兹华斯的自然诗歌的修辞特色。李白是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一，常常被认为是中国诗歌界的文化领袖。在中国诗歌史上留下了深刻的足迹。在向往自由、寻仙问道的同时又渴望济世救民。他有一种很强烈的“入世”思想，但又不想被俗世所束缚。政治上的不如意让他转而热爱自然，远离政治争斗，创造了一大批光辉灿烂、传承千古的华美篇章。华兹华斯被称为“桂冠诗人。他自小的经历造就了一颗自然纯朴、充满童真的心。法国大革命失败后他便在自然和过去中寻找希望。这两位伟大的诗人都写出了许多自然诗歌，但是方法各异。尽管他们在语言运用上有很多相似性，但由于社会背景以及生存年代的差异性，两人不同的表现风格还是显而易见的。对二者各自的研究很多，但是对他们的对比研究却鲜少见到。由着这种想法以及站在别人的肩膀上，本文诞生了。本文主要从修辞美学方面解释二者诗歌的特点，并总结出二者的相似点与不同点。通过对二者诗歌研究的综述，可以得知这两位世界著名的诗人在中外诗坛的地位以及影响力。对中西自然诗歌发展的研究使大家能以开阔的眼界将二者的诗歌放在一个大环境中来分析、研究它们在山水诗歌史上与众不同的特点。本文运用的诗歌修辞理论，虽然是关于中国诗歌研究的著作，但笔者希望它可以运用在外国诗歌中。分析部分主要是从字词、句子、篇章、修辞以及文体方面对诗歌修辞特点进行分析。在表现他们诗歌艺术特色方面，修辞起了很大作用。通过对诗歌修辞美学效果的研究，可以发现李白与华兹华斯的自然诗歌存在着相同点不同点，他们都热衷于使用自然、平实的语言来表情达意，他们都希望能够在自然中寻得栖息之所。但是在文学创作方面，李白更喜欢使用慷慨激昂的语言和描述恢弘大气的场景，而华兹华斯则善于运用普通的语言来描述日常生活中的自然景色。归根结底，这些都是由于二者相似的兴趣爱好和不同的生活经历、文化社会背景所造成的。 华兹华斯与李白自然诗歌中修辞美学效果对比研究_朱凌奕 露茜”组诗是英国浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯最重要的作品之一。组诗具有浪漫
史蒂夫乔布斯的英语简介英文介绍 Steven Paul Jobs English: Steven Paul Jobs, February 24, 1955 - October 5, 2021, referred to as Steve Jobs English: Steve Jobs, the co-founder of apple, and apple's board chairman, former chief operating officer, and former chairman and chief executive of pixar animation studios pixar animation studios has been acquired by Disney in 2021 . Jobs also was a board member of the Disney company and the largest individual shareholder . Steve jobs is considered to be the computer industry and entertainment industry icon, at the same time, the people also regarded him as Macintosh computer, iPod, iTunes Store, iPhone, tablet, etc. The founder of the famous digital products . In 2021, Steve jobs was "fortune" magazine named the year's most powerful businessmen . Jobs's career has greatly affected the legendary silicon valley venture entrepreneur, he will be the design concept of aesthetics is the highest in the world. His praise highly of simple and convenient design won him many devoted followers . Steve jobs and wozniak jointly make personal computers in the late 70 s to the early 80 s, he was also the first person to see the commercial potential of mouse . Steve jobs in 1985 apple high-level power struggle to leave and set up the NeXT, aimed at professional market. In 1997, apple bought NeXT, jobs returned to apple took over as chief executive. On August 24, 2021, Mr. Jobs announced his resignation as apple's chief executive, died on October 5, for with pancreatic cancer , 56 years old have to . Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2021 was an American businessman, designer and inventor. He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields. 史蒂芬?保罗?乔布斯，通称史蒂夫?乔布斯，1955年2月24日-2021年10月5日，是美国商业巨子，设计家和发明家。他是蘋果公司的創辦人之一，曾任该公司董事長及行政總裁等职位。他在苹果公司被公认是一个具有领导风范的先锋人物，其在个人电脑领域和电脑和电子消费领域的个人影响力不可估量。
英国文学作家及作品简介 1. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗雷. 乔叟 The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 2. Thomas More 托马斯. 莫尔 Utopia 乌托邦 3.Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞 The Fairy Queen 仙后 4.Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫. 马洛 Tamburlaine 铁木尔 / The Jew of Malta 马耳他的犹太人 / Doctor Faustus 浮士德博士 5. Shakespeare 莎士比亚四大喜剧 The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》、Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》、 As you like it 《皆大欢喜》、 Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》；四大悲剧 Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》、Othello 《奥赛罗》、Kin g Lear《李尔王》 Macbeth 《麦克白》； Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。 6. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯. 培根 Of Study 谈读书 7. John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 Paradise Lost 失乐园 8.John Bunyan 约翰班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程 9. John Dryden An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 10.Alexander Pope亚历山大. 蒲波 11.Jonathan Swift 江纳森.斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels 格列夫游记 12. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔. 笛福 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 13.Samuel Richardon 塞缪尔.理查德逊 Pamela 帕美拉 14.Henry Fielding 亨利.费尔丁 The history of Tom Hones, a Foundling 汤姆琼斯 15. Richard B. Sheridan 理查德. 谢立丹 The School for Scandal 造谣学校 16.Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔. 约翰生 A Dictionary of the English Language 17.William Blake 威廉. 布莱克 Songs of Innocence 天真之歌; Songs of Experience 经验之歌
Ppt Comments on Wordsworth 1.Fame: Wordsworth, Robert Southey and Coleridge became known as the lake poets. Succeed Southey as Poet Laureate. 2. The characteristic of his works: He expressed the deepest aspirations of English Romanticism. He showed his discontent with the social reality through describing natural things and imagination. https://www.doczj.com/doc/de1300927.html,nguages: His poetry was distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language, which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated. 3.Influence: The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature. 4.criticism: His later writings were full of mysticism and many of them unreadable. 文档： Fame: Wordsworth, Robert Southey and Coleridge became known as the lake poets. Furthermore, he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate. The characteristic of his works: Wordsworth was the representative of the first generation of the romantic poets, who expressed the deepest aspirations of English Romanticism. He saw nature and man with new eyes. He showed his discontent with the social reality through describing natural things and imagination. He expressed his idealism. His whole work was an attempt to convey that new vision. Languages: His poetry was distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language, which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated. His theory and practice in poetical creation started from dissatisfaction with the social reality under capitalism and he hinted at the thought of “back to nature” and “back to the patriarchal system of the old time.” Influence: The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern
乔布斯生平英文简介 《经济学人》网络版今天发表评论文章，对乔布斯的逝世做出了默哀，并对乔布斯的生平进行了总结。指出乔布斯非凡的成就源于其丰富的经历，而乔布斯将科学技术与人文科学和人性相结合是其产品成功的根本所在。 NOBODY else in the computer industry, or any other industry for tha t matter, could put on a show like Steve Jobs. His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and conjure up a “magical ” or “incredible” new electronic gadget in front of an awed crowd, were t he performances of a master showman. All computers do is fetch and s huffle numbers, he once explained, but do it fast enough and “the result s appear to be magic”. He spent his life packaging that magic into elega ntly designed, easy to use products. He had been among the first, back in the 1970s, to see the potenti al that lay in the idea of selling computers to ordinary people. In those days of green-on-black displays, when floppy discs were still floppy, the notion that computers might soon become ubiquitous seemed fanciful. Bu t Mr Jobs was one of a handful of pioneers who saw what was coming. Crucially, he also had an unusual knack for looking at computers from t he outside, as a user, not just from the inside, as an engineer—somethi ng he attributed to the experiences of his wayward youth. Mr Jobs caught the computing bug while growing up in Silicon Valle y. As a teenager in the late 1960s he cold-called his idol, Bill Hewlett, a nd talked his way into a summer job at Hewlett-Packard. But it was only after dropping out of college, travelling to India, becoming a Buddhist an d experimenting with psychedelic drugs that Mr Jobs returned to Californi a to co-found Apple, in his parents’ garage, on April Fools’ Day 1976. “A lot of people in our industry haven’t had very diverse experiences,” he once said. “So they don’t have enough dots to connect, and they end u p with very linear solutions.” Bill Gates, he suggested, would be “a broa der guy if he had dropped acid once or gone off to an ashram when he was younger”.
【文化论坛】Wen Hua Lun Tan 华兹华斯被阿诺德认为是继莎士比亚和弥尔顿之后的浪漫主义诗歌运动的领袖。他历来强调人与大自然的和谐相处、诗歌是人们情感的自然流露。擅长对大自然寄托自己的情感，这与华兹华斯的生长环境以及梦想的破灭、成年后思想的改变有很大的关系。 一、华兹华斯生平 华兹华斯（Wordsworth William,1770-1850），英国诗人，1770年4月7日生于北部昆布兰郡科克茅斯的一个律师之家，1850年4月23日卒于里多蒙特。8岁丧母，5年后，父亲又离开了他，亲友送他到家乡附近的寄宿学校读书。童年生活非常清苦，寄人篱下的情感伴随始终，对诗人的诗作也有一定程度的影响。诗人青年时期对法国大革命怀着无比的热情，但由于家人的阻碍，阻挡了诗人献身大革命的情怀。后期法国大革命的发展脱离了诗人的革命理念，让诗人品尝了梦想破灭的滋味。 诗人的创作生涯大致可以分为三个时期，其中以诗人中期的作品最受欢迎，很多人归功于作者成熟的思想以及高超的写作技巧。但是对于中期作品中频繁出现的坟墓、阴郁的色调、诗人钟情傍晚与诗人在这一时期达到鼎盛的社会地位全然相反。这就需要借助于美国心理学约翰·弗曼（John Firman,1945-2008）原始创伤理论来解释。 二、原始创伤理论的定义 弗曼认为原始创伤是“我——自我”移情关系断裂后个体生命所面临的非存在威胁。从人的生存现实而言，原始创伤无处不在，是人类生命进程中难以摆脱的宿命。死亡是原始创伤的终极存在，将非存在的威胁转化为现实中的灭亡，造成这种“我——自我”移情关系的终久断裂，对一个人的精神打击是最为沉重，创伤程度也是非常深刻的。创伤（trauma）最初是一个医学术语，在十九世纪下半叶，创伤的含义开始由身体方面转向心理，在往后的研究中，露西·利斯和弗洛伊德逐渐充实心理创伤上的研究。拉卡普拉在他的研究中强调了叙述对于创伤康复所起到的重大作用，罗伯特·卡波特森对此表示认同，因为“要想完全地回归到社会所规定的完整的自我，要想与世界重新建立联系，创伤主体必须要将所发生的的事情讲述出来，这是叙述的功能。”在他看来，“当用语言来表述创伤性经历时，其结果往往是隐喻性的。”创伤事件往往被创伤主体编码成含义丰富的象征性符号代码，亦魔鬼，以非正常行为等形式出现。不过，创伤记忆很难以交流，因为它们通常无法通过语言层面让人理解。 原始创伤定义类似于《精神疾患的诊断与统计手册》中创伤后应激障碍的定义。可导致导致心理创伤发生的事件包括：真实的或可能发生的死亡；个人亲历或见证的对身体完整的威胁；严重的侮辱伤害；获悉使家庭成员受到威胁的事件等等。这些事件会通过不由自主地回放、做梦、幻觉等主体难以控制的方式再次发生，亦即是弗洛伊德在其研究中所指出的创伤经验在个体心理上不可避免地“重复”展现，而且弗洛伊德认为所有创伤事件都可以从童年找到创伤事件的源头。另外，心理创伤需要人们寻找一定的渠道比如说移情、叙述等进行情感的转移。 三、原始创伤对华兹华斯写作的影响 华兹华斯的诗风向来都是温婉含蓄、恬静祥和，如春风拂面，但诗作中经常夹杂的黄昏、能沟通冥界的精灵、阴郁的大自然以及迷茫的心境，这一切显然都不是偶然。浪漫主义学者尤其是湖畔派诗人认为诗歌都是作者感情的自然流露。华兹华斯当然也不例外，其所著的《序言》就是当时诗人心境的真实自白。华兹华斯童年相继丧母丧父，让其缺失一般孩子所拥有的亲情，在他的诗中，他擅长利用一切超灵的事物来感知其父母的存在，他一直期盼有鬼灵、冥界的存在，这样就可以借助鬼灵感知到父母，体会亲情。 此外诗人成年后支持法国大革命的梦想破灭也给诗人沉重的打击，因此在诗人的诗中经常会出现诗人漫步在田间小道。多数人倾向于华兹华斯喜爱大自然，其实更多的是他想在这寂静的地方尽情的任思路飞扬，去静静地幻想那来不及品味的亲情，去感悟梦想的力量，所有的孤独寂寞尽在不言中。 由于常年来深受原始创伤的影响，华兹华斯一向推崇人的感性思想，尤其是注重挖掘人的悲伤情绪，这在作者的诗作《The Vale of Esthwaite》中尤为明显。但是在诗人早期作品中很少涉猎悲剧，多是由于诗人有意识地规避年轻时所受的创伤。但终归没能成功，在《An Evening Walk》里，诗人把日薄西山的夕阳描绘地如此可爱，甚至达到一种狂喜的状态，周围都弥漫着一种超自然的因素。对外人来说作者的想像配合夕阳是一种恐怖的事情，但诗人却乐在其中，这是因为他一直以来都渴望灵魂、渴望冥界的存在，这样通过小精灵的存在可以感知去世双亲的气息。对亲情的渴望越大，所受的原始创伤越严重，更需要作者在大自然中寻找寄托，寻找能够发泄的渠道。 参考文献： [1]陈才艺.湖畔对歌:柯尔律治与华兹华斯交往中的诗歌研究[I].成都:四川人民出版社,2007:45. [2]黄宗英.如何静听别离:从华兹华斯“复杂快感”看卡如斯的“精神创伤”[J].北京:外国文学研究,1999. [3]王佐良.英国诗史[M].南京:译林出版社,1997. [4]张跃军.哈特曼解读华兹华斯对于自然的表现[J].南京:当代外国文学,2009. 作者简介： 孙艳芳(1987-)，女，山东日照人，曲阜师范大学外国语学院英语语言文学专业2011级研究生，研究方向：英美文学。 华兹华斯诗歌中的原始创伤书写 孙艳芳 （曲阜师范大学，山东 曲阜 273100） 摘 要：华兹华斯是英国现代诗歌的开山鼻祖，他以堪比天才的诗作和独树一帜的文学批评风格屹立文坛。 尤其在是在意识、情感以及诗歌三者的融合上成就卓著。历来对华兹华斯诗作的研究颇多，本文主要是从华兹华 斯的生平、诗歌文本并结合美国心理学家约翰·弗曼原始创伤理论来理解创伤对华兹华斯诗歌创作的影响。 关键词：华兹华斯；诗歌创作；原始创伤 中图分类号：I106.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0125(2013)09-0221-01 ·221·
关于乔布斯的英文简介 乔布斯，美国发明家、企业家、美国苹果公司联合创办人。下面是给大家整理的关于乔布斯的英文简介，供大家参阅! 乔布斯简介Steve Jobs (February 24, 1955 - October 5, 2011), was born in San Francisco, California, USA inventor, entrepreneur, co-founder of Apple. On April 1, 1976, Jobs signed a contract to decide to set up a computer company. In April 1977, Steve Jobs demonstrated the Apple II prototype at the first American computer show. 1997 Apple launched iMac, innovative shell color transparent design makes the product sold, and let Apple through the financial crisis. August 24, 2011, Steve Jobs to Apple's board of directors to submit a resignation application. Steve Jobs is considered a symbol of the computer industry and entertainment industry, he experienced a few decades of Apple's ups and downs and ups and downs, has led and launched the Macintosh computer (Macintosh), iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other popular in the world Of the electronic products, profoundly changed the modern
威廉华兹华斯 诗人生平: 1787年他进剑桥大学圣约翰学院学习，大学毕业后去法国，住在布卢瓦。他对法国革命怀有热情，认为这场革命表现了人性的完美，将拯救帝制之下处于水深火热中的人民。在布卢瓦他结识了许多温和派的吉伦特党人。1792年华兹华斯回到伦敦，仍对革命充满热情。但他的舅父对他的政治活动表示不满，不愿再予接济。正在走投无路时，一位一直同情并钦佩他的老同学去世，留给他900英镑。于是在1795年10月，他与多萝西一起迁居乡间，实现接近自然并探讨人生意义的宿愿。多萝西聪慧体贴，给他创造了写作条件。 In 1787 he entered St John's college, University of Cambridge, go to France after graduation from the University, lived in blois. He is passionate about the French Revolution, that this revolution showed the perfect human nature, will save the monarchy under the suffering people. In Blois he met many moderates the Gironde party. In 1792, Wordsworth returned to London, full of passion for the revolution still. But his uncle to his political activities dissatisfied, not wish again to increase. Is be driven into a corner, one has sympathy and admiration of his old classmates died, leaving him 900 pounds. So in 1795 October, he moved to the country and to achieve long-cherished wish Dorothea, close to nature and to explore the meaning of life. Dorothea wise and considerate, created the conditions for his writing. 创作生涯: 1798年9月至1799年春，华兹华斯同多萝西去德国小住 威廉·华兹华斯 ，创作了《采干果》、《露斯》和短诗《露西》组诗，同时开始写作长诗《序曲》。1802年10月，华兹华斯和相识多年的玛丽· 郝金生结婚。 In 1798 September to the spring of 1799, Wordsworth and Dorothea went to Germany for William WordsworthThe creation of the "recovery", dried fruit, "Rose" and "Lucy" short poems, and began writing long poem "prelude". In 1802 October, Wordsworth and longtime Marie married Hao Jinsheng
The second of five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 in Wordsworth House in Cockermouth, Cumberland, part of the scenic region in northwestern England known as the Lake District. His sister, the poet and diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all his life.They had three other siblings: Richard, the eldest, who became a lawyer; John, born after Dorothy, who went to sea and died in 1805 when the ship of which he was captain, the Earl of Abergavenny, was wrecked off the south coast of England; and Christopher, the youngest, who entered the Church and rose to be Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. Wordsworth's father was a legal representative of James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale and, through his connections, lived in a large mansion in the small town. He was frequently away from home on business, so the young William and his siblings had little involvement with him and remained distant from him until his death in 1783.However, he did encourage William in his reading, and in particular set him to commit to memory large portions of verse, including works by Milton, Shakespeare and Spenser. William was also allowed to use his father's library. William also spent time at his mother's parents' house in Penrith, Cumberland, where he was exposed to the moors, but did not get along with his grandparents or his uncle, who also lived there. His hostile interactions with them distressed him to the point of contemplating suicide. Wordsworth was taught to read by his mother and attended, first, a tiny school of low quality in Cockermouth, then a school in Penrith for the children of upper-class families. It was at the school in Penrith that he met the Hutchinsons, including Mary, who later became his wife. After the death of his mother, in 1778, Wordsworth's father sent him to Hawkshead Grammar School in Lancashire (now in Cumbria) and sent Dorothy to live with relatives in Yorkshire. She and William did not meet again for another nine years. Wordsworth made his debut as a writer in 1787 when he published a sonnet in The European Magazine. That same year he began attending St John's College, Cambridge. He received his BA degree in 1791.He returned to Hawkshead for the first two summers of his time at Cambridge, and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting places famous for the beauty of their landscape. In 1790 he went on a walking tour of Europe, during which he toured the Alps extensively, and visited nearby areas of France, Switzerland, and Italy.