结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素体外释放试验(TB-IGRA)对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值
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结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素体外释放试验(TB-IGRA)对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值
【摘要】目的探讨结核分枝杆菌(MTB)γ-干扰素体外释放试验(TB-IGRA)
在疑似MTB感染体胸腔积液患者快速诊断中的应用价值。方法疑似MTB感染伴胸腔积液患者138例,应用TB-IGRA定量检测外周血淋巴细胞分泌γ-干扰素的水平。利用MTB DNA法检测胸腔积液中的MTB,同时用免疫金标法检测血清MTB抗体,并进行统计学分析。结果138例疑似患者经过痰和胸腹水抗酸染色镜检,痰液和胸腹水MTB培养,结核菌素皮肤试验,MTB DNA和MTB抗体等试验确诊结核病患者48例,阳性检出率34.8%,TB-IGRA的阳性检出率为32.6%,MTB DNA的阳性检出率为13.8%,血清MTB抗体的阳性检出率为10.1%。对已确诊的48例结核病患者进行数据分析,TB-IGRA,MTB DNA和血清MTB抗体的准确率分别为93.8%,39.6%,29.1%。据统计分析可知,TB-IGRA的阳性检出率和准确率均显著高于其他2种方法(P<0.05)。TB-IGRA对疑似MTB感染的胸腔积液患者诊断的阳性预测值为93.3%,阴性预测值为93.6%。结论TB-IGRA对疑似MTB感染伴胸腔积液患者的诊断具有快速,高敏感性高特异性的优点,优于MTB DNA和血清MTB抗体试验,可以作一种新的技术用于人体MTB感染的诊断。【关键词】γ-干扰素释放试验;结核分枝杆菌;DNA;抗体;胸腔积液
Evaluation of the value of TB-IGRA test in mycobacterium tuberculosis infect of patients with pleural effusion
[Abstract]objective To investigate the application significance of mycobacterium tuberculosis IFN-r release assay (TB-IGRA) in the rapid diagnosis for suspected MTB infected patients with pleural effusion. Methods The 138 patients with pleural effusion which were suspected as having suspected MTB infection were enrolled. TB-IGRA was used to determine the level of IFN-r of peripheral blood lymphocyte . The MTB DNA method was to detect MTB in pleural effusion, meanwhile serumanti-MTB antiboby was detected by immuno gold filtration assay , and the results were diagnosed as tuberculosis by sputum, pleural effusion and ascites smear test, sputum ,pleural effusion and ascites MTB culture, tuberculin skin test, MTB DNA method and anti-MTB antibody test , and the positive rate was 34.8%.The positive type of TB-IGRA in the 138 patients with pleural effusion was 32.6%,The positive rate of MTB DNA method was 13.8%,and the positive rafe of anti-MTB antibody test was 10.1%. The date of 48 patients with tuberculosis were analyzed . TB-IGRA had the consistency rate of 93.8%,while the consistency rates of MTB DNA method and anti-MTB antibody test were 39.6%and29.1% respectively. The positive rate and consistency rate of TB-IGRA were significantly higher than those of the others(p<0.05). The positive and negative predictive values of TB-TGRA in suspected MTB infected patients with pleural effusion were 93.3% and 93.6% respectively. Conclusions TB-IGRA is fast ,hipersensitivity and high specificity to diagnose the
suspected MTB infected patients with pleural effusion.TB-IGRA is better than MTB DNA method and anti-MTB antibody test. TB-IGRA can become a new diagnotic method to be applied in the diagnosis of MTB infection.
[key words]interferon-gamma release assay(IGRA); Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB);DNA;Antibody;pleural effusion
结核病是世界上单一致病菌引起的死亡最多的疾病,据世界卫生组织统计,2011年全球约有870万例新发结核病患者,而死于此病的人数达140万[1]。结核性胸膜炎是一种仅次于淋巴结核的常见肺外结核病,临床表现为胸膜性疾病和干咳及单侧少至中等胸腔积液[2]。目前,结核性胸膜炎诊断准确性较低,结核胸腔积液中找结核分枝杆菌是目前确诊结核性胸膜炎的重要依据,但涂片阳性率极低,仅为0~25%,而胸腔积液的细菌培养阳性率低,且时间长,难以及时报告临床治疗,诊断金标准的胸膜活检阳性率仅为62.2%~69.7%[3,4]。但其为有创检查,患者依从性差,检查费用高,不符合常规应用。因此,寻找一种无创,快速和准确的胸腔积液诊断方法成为提高结核性胸膜炎诊断水平的关键。近年来,国外有关研究证实[5,6],结核分枝杆菌相关γ-干扰素体外释放试验(tuberculosis interferon-r release assays)TB-IGRA 对检测结核分枝杆菌的感染具有较好的特异度和敏感度。由于胸水中免疫反应的强度比血液中更高,因此,通过检测胸水中的γ-干扰素释放水平来诊断活动性胸膜结核被证实是有意义的。本研究通过对与结核感染相关性的胸腔积液进行TB-IGRA 试验,MTB DNA 和MTB 抗体检测,探讨TB-IGRA 在明确胸腔积液中结核诊断中应用价值。
1材料和方法
1.1 研究对象选择2013年4月至2015年2月因患有胸腔积液而在惠山区人民医院相关科室住院的患者,入选标准:咳嗽,呼吸困难,急促,胸部X片和计算机断层扫描检查提示伴有中等量以上的胸腔积液的患者。排除标准;(1)入院前,实施抗结核治疗>1星期者;(2)合并糖尿病以及其它严重的肝功能、肾功能异常或功能不全患者;(3)人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性者。根据上述标准共入选患者138例,其中男88例,女50例,中位年龄56.8(29-73)岁,均符合2008年8月1日宣布的中华人民共和国卫生部颁发的中华人民共和国卫生行业标准。
1.2仪器和试剂Mutiskan MKs型酶标仪购自赛默飞世尔(上海)仪器有限公司,
北京万
泰生物药业股份有限公司的分枝杆菌r-干扰素释放试验检测试剂盒(TB-IGRA试剂),MTB DNA检测试剂盒由广东达安基因有限公司提供,PCR扩增仪与美国ABI 公司Tn7300实时荧光定量PCR仪。上海奥普生物制药公司生产的MTB抗体胶体金法诊断试剂盒
1.3方法
1.3.1TB-IGRA试剂试验步骤BD肝素锂抗凝管采血等抽取>5ml静脉血,马上轻柔颠倒混匀3次以上,把全血分装到3个不同的培养管中(T测试管,N本底对照管,P阳性对照管等),等分装1ml,分装后轻柔颠倒培养管5次,于37°C培养管中静置培养22+-2h,培养完成后,留取收集上清液,然后用双抗体夹心法定量检测上清液中的IFN-r的含量,T管中有特异性开高的IFN-r的量,来测定为结核感染阳性。