第3章第二节句子表达的准确性-被动语态句型
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英语语法:被动语态用法大全英语语法中的被动语态是我们常常用到的一种语句结构,下面就是我给大家带来的英语语法:被动语态用法大全,盼望能关心到大家!英语语法:被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式:主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特别形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词 ( + by + 动作执行者)形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时,常用介词“by +行为发出者”,即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态,通过助动词be的变化来表示:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.学校英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种状况:不知道动作的执行者,就是不知道谁干的Dans bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
被动语态语法知识点总结一、被动语态的基本结构被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构,通过将动作的承受者置于句子的主语位置,强调动作的接受者而非执行者。
被动语态的基本结构为:be动词(am, is, are, was, were)+过去分词。
例如:Active voice(主动语态):The dog chased the cat.(狗追赶着猫。
)Passive voice(被动语态):The cat was chased by the dog.(猫被狗追赶。
)二、被动语态的用法1. 强调动作的承受者:被动语态可以将动作的承受者放在句子的主语位置,使其成为句子的焦点。
例如:Active voice: He wrote a book.(他写了一本书。
)Passive voice: A book was written by him.(一本书被他写了。
)2. 隐藏执行者:有时候,句子的执行者并不重要或显而易见,这时可以使用被动语态来隐藏执行者。
例如:Active voice: They built this house.(他们建造了这座房子。
)Passive voice: This house was built by them.(这座房子被他们建造了。
)3. 表示客观事实:被动语态常用于描述客观事实或一般真理。
例如:Active voice: People speak English all over the world.(全世界人们讲英语。
)Passive voice: English is spoken all over the world.(英语在全世界都被讲。
)4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者:当动作的承受者比执行者更重要时,可以使用被动语态将其放在句子的主语位置。
例如:Active voice: The car hit the tree.(汽车撞到了树。
)Passive voice: The tree was hit by the car.(树被汽车撞到了。
被动语态知识点总结一、什么是被动语态被动语态是英语中一种重要的语法结构,用于表达主语是动作的承受者而非执行者的情况。
在一个主动语态的句子中,主语是执行动作的主体;而在被动语态中,主语则是接受动作的对象。
例如,主动句“John eats an apple”(约翰吃了一个苹果。
)中,John 是吃这个动作的执行者;而被动句“An apple is eaten by John”(一个苹果被约翰吃了。
)中,an apple 变成了动作的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成通常是“be +过去分词”。
其中,be 动词根据时态和主语的人称和数进行变化,过去分词则保持不变。
1、一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are +过去分词例如:The room is cleaned every day(这个房间每天都被打扫。
)2、一般过去时的被动语态:was/were +过去分词例如:The bridge was built last year(这座桥是去年建的。
)3、一般将来时的被动语态:will be +过去分词或 be going to be +过去分词例如:The sports meeting will be held next week(运动会将在下周举行。
)The party is going to be organized by them(聚会将由他们组织。
)4、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being +过去分词例如:The problem is being discussed now(这个问题正在被讨论。
)5、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being +过去分词例如:The machine was being repaired at that time(那时候机器正在被修理。
)6、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been +过去分词例如:The work has been finished(工作已经完成了。
被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。
在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。
因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。
第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。
不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now.4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today.其它几种特殊句型:It is said that …….. It is well known that ……. It is reported that……..have sth done第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。
被动语态I、被动语态的构成形式be+Vt.p.p.(一).语态是英语动词的一种形式,是用于表示主语和谓语之间的关系的。
英语语态分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)两种。
主动语态是表示主语是动作的执行者。
如:1)Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.被动语态是表示主语是动作的承受者。
2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall.(二).被动语态的基本时态变化在被动语态的句子中,谓语部分的结构是be + Vtp.p.(及物动词过去分词)。
其中be是变量,随时态的变化而变化;动词的过去分词是常量,永远不发生变化。
当然,这只是指谓语部分而言。
be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词(being)和过去分词(been)。
那么,下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1)am/is/are +done (过去分词)一般现在时2)has /have been done 现在完成时3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时4)was/were done一般过去时5)had been done过去完成时6)was/were being done过去进行时7)shall/will be done一般将来时8)should/would be done过去将来时我们可看看下面的实例:English is spoken in many countries all over the world .(一般现在时)世界上许多国家都讲英文。
Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night.(一般过去时)那家商场用来出售的部分电视机昨晚被盗。
被动语态句式
被动语态的基本句式是“be动词+过去分词”,当需要强调动作的执行者时,可以在句子后面加上“by +执行者”。
被动语态用于当句子的主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者时。
以下是被动语态在不同句型中的应用:
1. 肯定句:主语 + be动词(根据时态变化)+ 过去分词 +(by + 执行者)。
2. 否定句:主语 + be动词(根据时态变化)+ not + 过去分词 +(by + 执行者)。
3. 一般疑问句:Be动词(根据时态变化)+ 主语 + 过去分词+(by + 执行者)?。
4. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + be动词(根据时态变化)+ 主语 + 过去分词 +(by + 执行者)?。
被动语态的构成与使用被动语态是英语中常用的一种语法结构,用来表达动作的承受者或受事者。
本文将介绍被动语态的构成与使用方法,帮助读者更好地掌握和运用被动语态。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成需要使用助动词“be”的不同形式(am, is, are, was, were)+ 过去分词。
其中,不同的时态需要使用对应的形式。
1. 现在时态被动语态构成:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词例句1: The book is written by a famous author.这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
例句2: The report is being prepared by our team.这份报告正在由我们的团队准备。
2. 过去时态被动语态构成:主语 + was/were + 过去分词例句1: The house was built in the 19th century.这座房子建于19世纪。
例句2: The cake was eaten by the children.蛋糕被孩子们吃掉了。
3. 将来时态被动语态构成:主语 + will be + 过去分词例句1: The project will be completed by the end of this month.这个项目将在本月底前完成。
例句2: The invitation letters will be sent out tomorrow.邀请函将在明天发出。
二、被动语态的使用1. 强调动作的承受者被动语态常用来强调动作的承受者,将其置于句子的前面,使其更为突出。
例句1: The statue was created by a famous sculptor.这座雕像是由一位著名雕塑家创作的。
例句2: The novel was written by a renowned author.这本小说是由一位知名作家写的。
2. 引起介词短语的使用当动词后面跟有一些固定的介词时,常常使用被动语态。
被动语态的语法解析一、被动语态的含义英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”二、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句:His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说,有下面几种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:①Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材生产出来的。
②The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
③He was wounded in the fight.他在战斗在受伤了。
④Electricity is used to run machines.电是用来开动机器的。
(2)需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:①Calculator can t be used in the maths exam.计算器不能用于数学考试。
②Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
③He was awarded first prize in that contest.他在比赛中获得了第一。
(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
第3章第二节句子表达的准确性-被动语态句型.txt24生活如海,宽容作舟,泛舟于海,方知海之宽阔;生活如山,宽容为径,循径登山,方知山之高大;生活如歌,宽容是曲,和曲而歌,方知歌之动听。
第二节句子表达的准确性三、被动语态句型【句型19】主语+am(is, are)+过去分词+……主语+was(were)+过去分词+……【佳句存盘】1.I am trusted by the boss.(= The boss trusts me.)老板信任我。
2.You are treated very well by your teacher.(= Your teacher treats you very well.)老师对你很好。
3.She is respected by all her students.(= All her students respect her.)全体学生都尊敬她。
4.The little child was saved by Tom.(= Tom saved the little child.)这个小孩被汤姆救起来了。
5.The new houses were built by the villagers themselves.(= The villagers themselves built the new houses.)这些新房子都是由村民们自己建造的。
【写作点津】本句型是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动结构。
注意上述例句中动词 be 随主语的人称和数而变化。
英语中被动语态的句子很多,译成汉语时,被动结构常可译成主动结构(见例句1-例句3)。
如果译成被动结构(如例句1 我被老板信任着)就不是通顺的汉语了。
当然,英语的被动结构也可以译成“被……”,“由……”等(见例句4和例句5)。
如果不必说明动作的执行者,则英语被动句中的by-短语也常可省略。
Exercise 19Put the following sentences into English.1 这本书是去年由郑州大学出版社出版的。
【被动语态强调句型】要点总结一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例:A new cinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时例:By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时例:A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done; was/ were going to be done; was/ were about to be done; was/ were to be to done一般将来时例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例:The project will have been completed before July.10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)例:He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
被动语态的构成与使用被动语态(Passive Voice)是英语中一种常用的句子结构,用来表示主语是动作的接受者或受事者。
相比主动语态(Active Voice),被动语态在句子结构和语态意义上有所不同。
本文将介绍被动语态的构成和使用,并探讨在实际应用中的一些技巧和注意事项。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成取决于以下三个要素:主语、谓语动词和谓语动词的宾语。
1. 主语:在被动语态中,原本是动作执行者的主语变成了受事者,通常出现在句子的动词前面,以by短语补充说明动作的执行者。
但是在某些情况下,by短语可以省略。
2. 谓语动词:被动语态中,谓语动词由be动词的不同形式加上及物动词的过去分词构成。
be动词的形式包括am、is、are、was、were、been等。
过去分词则是及物动词的过去式。
3. 谓语动词的宾语:在被动语态中,谓语动词的宾语变为主语。
但并非所有动词都可以变成被动语态,只有及物动词才能转换成被动语态。
二、被动语态的使用被动语态在英语的书面和口语表达中广泛应用,主要有以下几个方面的使用:1. 强调行为接受者:被动语态可以将动作的接受者放在句子的主位,从而突出强调行为接受者的重要性,而不关注执行者。
例如:The store was robbed last night.(昨晚商店被抢劫了。
)2. 语体的转换:在正式的场合中,通过使用被动语态可以使语气更加客观和正式。
例如:The report was submitted by the deadline.(报告按时提交。
)3. 不知执行者或者执行者不重要:有时,执行者不重要或者未知,可以使用被动语态。
例如:The cake was eaten.(蛋糕被吃掉了。
)4. 阐述普遍现象:当需要表示一般真理或普遍现象时,被动语态更常用。
例如:Mistakes are often made in language learning.(在语言学习中,经常会犯错误。
被动语态句型目录一、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的形式1. 被动语态的肯定句2. 被动语态的否定句3. 被动语态的一般疑问句4. 被动语态的特殊疑问句三、主动语态变为被动语态四、被动语态的注意事项1. 适用于被动语态的情况2. 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况3. 被动语态与系表结构的区别【强化训练】语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者,则使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则使用被动语态。
被动语态的句子以“be动词+过去分词”的形式来表达。
主动语态变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语,将主动语态的主语变为by短语。
典型例句:Many people speak English.(主动语态)English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)(许多人说英语。
)一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be动词+过去分词”构成,如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时,句子后面需接by...,译为“被/由……”。
其中be动词要根据人称、数和时态发生变化,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
二、被动语态的形式1. 被动语态的肯定句句型:主语+be+过去分词+(by...).The child is well loved by people.(这个孩子很招人喜爱。
)People in the world are influenced by Confucius' thoughts.(世界上的人们受到孔子思想的影响。
)2. 被动语态的否定句句型:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...).Mark Twain isn't known as a great thinker.(马克·吐温并不是作为伟大的思想家而闻名于世。
)The battery wasn't charged yesterday.(电池昨天没有充电。
英语被动语态知识归纳英语被动语态知识归纳英语被动语态知识归纳英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。
一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动式。
须注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同。
注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思,英语却应该用被动态。
还要注意,英语的被动态往往由"by"引出,而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态,而是系表结构。
还有些特殊现象,如:known to man(人类......所知),on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot),in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。
还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。
有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。
英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动,现在完成进行同"。
这两种时态无被动形式。
另外,不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。
即便如此,还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构)的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂,真是令人头痛,眼花缭乱。
下面口诀就以动词do为例,即do did过去式done过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态,一定对你有所启示。
被动语态(一般现在时)主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀一般现、过用be +PP(过去分词),be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has) done,被动将been加中间。
动词被动语态基本用法一、定义当句子的主语是动作的执行者时, 谓语的形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时, 谓语要用被动语态。
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成, 时态、人称、数等通过be表现出来。
二、各种时态的主动与被动语态a.v.(主动语态) p.v. (被动语态)一般现在时:do/does am/is/are+p.p一般过去时:did was/were+p.p现在进行时:am/is/are+doing am/is/are being+p.p过去进行时:was/were+doing was/were being +p.p现在完成时:have/has+done have/has been+p.p过去完成时:had+done had been+p.p一般将来时:will/shall+do will/shall be +p.pEg:We speak English. 主动语态English is spoken by us. 被动语态1)They________ the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。
2)The classroom ____________ by them yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。
1.过去分词规则动词的过去分词:1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed2)以不发音e结尾的加-d3)以辅音加y结尾的, 去y变i加-ed4)以重读闭音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母, 再加-ed admit--admittedwatch---watched practice---practicedstudy---studied stop---stopped2.情态动词:S+ can/may/must/should(not) + be+过去分词Amy can take good care of the cat.The cat can be taken good care of by Amy.3.否定式Dogs will not be allowed to enter your classroom.4.疑问式Will dogs be allowed to enter your classroom?5.双宾语He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.三、被动语态考点分析1. I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)A. has completedB. completesC. has been completedD. is completed析: complete是及物动词, “邮集”是被人完成的, 须从表被动意的C、D中选择。
第二节句子表达的准确性三、被动语态句型【句型19】主语+am(is, are)+过去分词+……主语+was(were)+过去分词+……【佳句存盘】1.I am trusted by the boss.(= The boss trusts me.)老板信任我。
2.You are treated very well by your teacher.(= Your teacher treats you very well.)老师对你很好。
3.She is respected by all her students.(= All her students respect her.)全体学生都尊敬她。
4.The little child was saved by Tom.(= Tom saved the little child.)这个小孩被汤姆救起来了。
5.The new houses were built by the villagers themselves.(= The villagers themselves built the new houses.)这些新房子都是由村民们自己建造的。
【写作点津】本句型是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动结构。
注意上述例句中动词 be 随主语的人称和数而变化。
英语中被动语态的句子很多,译成汉语时,被动结构常可译成主动结构(见例句1-例句3)。
如果译成被动结构(如例句1 我被老板信任着)就不是通顺的汉语了。
当然,英语的被动结构也可以译成“被……”,“由……”等(见例句4和例句5)。
如果不必说明动作的执行者,则英语被动句中的by-短语也常可省略。
Exercise 19Put the following sentences into English.1 这本书是去年由郑州大学出版社出版的。
2 世界上许多国家都广泛地使用英语。
3 我们这所学校是解放前建造的。
4 这些邮票都是我父亲年轻时收集的。
5 昨天开了一次会。
几位老师由于工作努力在会上受到表扬。
参考答案1 The book was published by Zhengzhou University Publishing House last year.2 English is widely used in many countries in the world.3 Our school was founded before liberation.4 These stamps were collected by my father when he was young.5 A meeting was held yesterday. Several teachers were praised for their hard work at the meeting.【句型20】主语+will/shall be+过去分词+……【佳句存盘】1. We shall be asked to attend the meeting. 我们将应邀参加会议。
2. The library will be completed at the end of the year.图书馆将在年底建成。
3. The sports meeting will be held next week.运动会将于下周举行。
【写作点津】本句型表示一般将来时的被动语态。
第一人称单、复数用 shall,其余人称用 will。
在美国英语中,所有人称都可以用 will。
将来时的其他表示法,如 be going to, be to 等,也可以有相应的被动语态结构,如“be going to be+过去分词”,“be to be+过去分词”。
例如: The presents are going to be posted tomorrow. 这些礼物将于明日寄出。
These goods are to be shipped next Wednesday. 这些货物定于下星期三用船运出。
Exercise 20Put the following sentences into English.1 杨利伟的名字将永远被中国人所铭记。
2 这个实验将在两周内完成。
3 会议将在下周一九点举行。
4 他们将不允许进入这座大楼。
5 我的家乡将要建更多的工厂。
参考答案1 The name of Yang Liwei will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.2 The experiment will be finished in two weeks.3 The meeting will be held at nine o’clock next Monday.4 They will not be allowed to enter the building.5 More factories will be built in our hometown.【句型21】主语+is(am, are)+being+过去分词+……主语+was(were)+being+过去分词+……【佳句存盘】1. She is being examined by a doctor. 医生正在给她做检查。
2. They are being tried by some policemen. 警察正在审问他们。
3. The ice in the basin is being turned into water. 盆里的冰正在变成水。
4. The classroom was being cleaned when the teacher came in.老师进来时,教室还正在打扫呢。
5. Some workshops were being built when we went to the factory.我们到那家工厂时,有几个车间还正在修建。
【写作点津】本句型表示现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态,其中的being 是 be 的现在分词(be+ing),有进行的意味。
在使用进行时的被动语态结构时,切不可将句型中的 being 漏掉。
Exercise 21Put the following sentences into English.1 袁帅的自行车正在被修理。
2 你打电话时,客人正在被领着参观我们的学校。
3 这些问题正在被一群专家讨论着。
4 湖边正在兴建一座新的图书馆。
5 那些书正在印刷中,并将于下个月出版。
参考答案1 Yuan Shuai’s bike is being repaired.2 The guests were being shown around our school when you phoned.3 The problems are being discussed by a group of experts.4 A new library is being built by the lake.5 Those books are being printed and will be published next month.【句型22】主语+have(has)been+过去分词+……主语+had been+过去分词+……【佳句存盘】1. The passengers have been sent to a hotel by the driver.旅客们已由这位司机送到饭店去了。
2. A new school has been opened in my hometown.我的家乡开办了一所新的学校。
3. He told me this programme had been shown on TV.他告诉我,这个节目已经在电视上演过。
【写作点津】本句型是现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态。
在现在完成时的被动语态中,除主语是第三人称单数要用 has 外,其余人称均用 have。
由于过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,因而要同表示过去的时间状语或谓语动词连用,在过去完成时的被动语态中也不例外(见例句3)。
Exercise 22Put the following sentences into English.1 所有脏衣服都已经洗过了。
2 那些信都在四点钟以前写完了。
3 我们的寝室还没有打扫过。
4 这些机器都已经修理好了。
5 那位官员说,空气和水都被污染了。
参考答案1 All the dirty clothes have been washed.2 Those letters had been finished by 4 o’clock.3 Our bedroom has not been cleaned.4 The machines have been repaired.5 The officials said that air and water had been polluted.【句型23】主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+……【佳句存盘】1. The lock can be fixed right away. 这把锁可以立刻修好。
2. The compositions must be handed in after class.作文必须在下课后交上来。
3. They may be invited to the dinner party. 他们有可能被邀请参加餐会。
4. He asked whether these tools might be needed in his work.他问这些工具是否可能在他的工作中需要。
【写作点津】含有情态动词的被动语态是在情态动词后加“be+过去分词”结构。
could, might, had to 分别是 can, may, must的过去式。
Exercise 23Put the following sentences into English.1 这块桌布必须清洗了。
2 图画必须在星期五以前交上来。
3 我们的旅行得推迟到下星期。
4 不可以带婴儿入音乐厅。
5 运动会应当在五一节以前举行。
参考答案1 The table cloth must be cleaned(washed).2 The drawings must be handed in before Friday.3 Our journey must(has to)be delayed until next week.4 Babies may not be taken into the concert hall.5 The sports meeting should be held before Labour Day.【句型24】主语+be+短语动词的过去分词+……【佳句存盘】1. Mr White was called on yesterday(by me). 我昨天拜访过怀特先生。