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名櫛点兹，誤扣提升构词法是2010年高考新增的一个考点。
掌握一定的构词法知识，可以帮助同学们快速有效地记忆单词，在一定的语境下推测词义和理解句意，进而在阅读时准确地理解文章。
因此，掌握构词法非常重要。
为帮助同学们决胜高考，现将常用构词法知识介绍如下。
英语构词法主要有三种：转化——由一种词类转化为另一种词类。
派生——通过加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。
合成一由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。
一、转化法单词转化后的意义往往与未转化前的意义有密切联系。
词的常见转化方式如下：1.转化为动词(1)名词转化为动词。
bottle瓶子—>to bottle装瓶water/K^to watei•浇水fool傻子—Ho foothand手hand递交nurse护士—>to nurse护理mail邮件—mail邮寄ship船—►to ship用船运（2）形容词转化为动词。
dry干的一>to dry使... 变干narrow窄的—>to narrow使.. 变窄free自由的free使........ 自由empty空的一►to empty倒空2.转化为名词（1）部分动词可以转化为名词，这些转化的名词一般表示原来的动作或状态。
如：doubt（怀疑），smell（嗅觉），laugh（大笑）。
这些名词常和have或tag连用，表示短暂的或一时性的动作。
have (take) a look/walk/rest ； have a smoke/try/rest/ wash； take a ride/turn等。
⑵有些由动词转化的名词还可以指:cheat 骗子；coach 辅导，训练—coach 教练）；② 动作的对象（import 进口 —>imports 进口商品；find 发现 ->a find 发现物）；③ 做动作的工具（wrap 包装—wrap 包裹物；cover 覆盖, 遮盖—>a cover 封面）；④动作的地点等（turn 转弯—>a turn 转弯处；divide 分开 —>a divide 分界线）。
2011届高考一轮专题测试（英语）：时态和语态专题英语试卷 注意事项： 1. 本卷共100分，考试时间100分钟2. 将答案写在答题卡的相应位置说明：时态和语态是每年高考的必考知识点之一，本专题收集了各种时态和语态的典型试题，难度稍大, 适合高三学生对时态和语态做个总的复习。
1. — I am wondering if we could go boating on the weekend.—It _____ a good idea.A. soundB. soundedC. sounding 2. —Let Mr. Stephen in, please? He _____ me.—Yes, Sir. In the meet ing room.A. is expect ingB. has expectedC. expected 3. My mind wasn ' t on what heso I ' m afraid I missed half of it.C. would sayD. has said 4. Mom, have a rest please. You _______ i n the kitche n ever since you came home.A. had workedB. were worki ngC. have bee n worki ngD. would work 5. I got caught i n the rain and my suit __ .A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has bee n ruinedD. had bee n ruined6. — Tom , would you please come and help us with the computer at the meeting tomorrow?一 I am sorry, but I then.A. would have classB. will be hav ing classC. was going to have classD. am about to have class7. The teleph one _____ , but by the time I got in doors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. What do you think the childre n whe n we get home?A. are doingB. will be doingC. doD. have d6ne9. —Betty promised me to come round to keep you compa ny today.D. soundsD. was expect ingA. was say ingB. had said—But she _______ . I ve bee n alone all day.A. won'tB. had n'tC. has n'tD. does n't10. Sales of CDs have greatly in creased since the early 1990s, whe n people ___ t o enjoy the adva ntages of this new tech no logy.A. begi nB. bega nC. have beg unD. had begu n11. I ' m afraid I ____ you with too many questions. Thank you a lot, sir.A. will botherB. have to botherC. would botherD. have bothered12. By the end of last year, another new theme park _completed in that area.A. was beingB. would beC. has bee nD. had bee n13. —Why don ' t we choose that road to save time?—The bridge to it _________ .A. has repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. will be repaired14. The crazy fanspatiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were wait ingB. had bee n wait ingC. had waitedD. would wait15. We won' t know how much food to buy until we decide how many people ________ .A. were comingB. are comingC. have bee n comingD. had come16. --Why don ' t you buy the necklace since you like it so much?--I ___ , but I don ' t have the money.A. wouldB. willC. shouldD. may17.Over the past 30 years, China_significant changes in comprehensive national strength thanks to the reform and ope nin g-up policy.A. wit nessedB. were wit ness ingC. has wit nessedD. will have wit nessed18. --- You' ve sent the report to the newspaper office, haven ' t you?---Not yet. It _____ by 12 o ' clock.A. has to be typedB. will be typedC. will have bee n typedD. n eeds typ ing19. No decisi on about any future appo in tme nt un til all the can didates have bee n in terviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has bee n made20. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985.She for twenty years by next summer.C. has bee n teach ingD. will have bee n teach ingA. will teachB. would have taughtC. has bee n teach ingD. will have bee n teach ing答案1. D解析:考查系动词，所填词作应答句的系动词，根据前文时态用一般现在时，选D。
(九) 动词的时态和语态Ⅰ.单项选择。
(B)1.—Hi，Wang Ning！How's the weather in Jinan now?—It is terri ble.It ________ all the morning.A．rains B．is rainingC．rained D．will rain(A)2.—What does your sister like doing in her free time?—She ________ w atching TV.A．likes B．likedC．has liked D．had liked(C)3.Do you know if________ back next week？If he ________ back，please let me know.A．he co mes；will comeB．will he come；comesC．he will come；comesD．will he come；will come(C)4.—May I see Mr.Lin，please?—Well，I'm afraid he's not in at the moment.I think he ________ back soon.A．came B．has comeC．will be D．was(D)5.Look at those big black clouds.It ________ rain.Let's hurry.A．must B．willC．would D．is going to(B)6.Don't talk loudly here.My little baby ________.A．has gone out B．is sleepingC．sleeps D．went to school(B)7.—My daughter ________ her driving test yesterday.—Congratulations.She had practiced drivin g really hard.A．passes B．passedC．has passed D．had passed(C)8.—Your e－mail address again？I ________ quite catch it.—Hul23@.A．don't B．can'tC．didn't D．won't(B)9.—Oh，Mrs.King，your necklace looks nice.Is it new?—No，I________ it for two years.A．had B．have hadC．bought D．have bought(A)10.—________ to the U nited States?—No，never.But I went to Canada a few years ago.A．Have you been B．Have you goneC．Did you go D．Will you go(D)11.—Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Ningbo?—No，they ________ to Shanghai.A．had moved B．movedC．will move D．have moved(C)12.—Do you know the man over there?—Yes.I________ him several times since last month.A．see B．sawC．have seen D．had seen(D)13.—What do you think of my answer to the question?—Sorry.What's that？I________ about something else.A．thought B．am thinkingC．had thought D．was thinking(D)14.—Amy，I called you yesterday evening，but nobody answered the phone.—Oh，I ________ a walk with my mother at that time.A．take B．tookC．am taking D．was taking(C)15.—Did you see Henry at the party?—No，he ________ by the time I got there.A．left B．was leavingC．had left D．has left(B)16.—What is the weather like today?—It is cloudy.And I think it ________.A．was raining B．is going to rainC．is raining D．rained(A)17.—Tom，________ you ever ________ that new film?—Yes.I ________ it a week ago.A．have；seen；sawB．have；seen；seeC．do；see；seeD．had；seen；saw(C)18.It ________ over sixty years since the People's Republic of China was founded.A．was B．had beenC．is D．will be(B)19.Don't make any noise.We ________ to a piece of wonderful music at the moment._ food every dayare offe red Dmates.________.—hewill__be__held(hold) next month.14．Boys and girls，the books in the library should be__taken(take) good care of.15．The hot soup tastes(taste) very delicious.Would you like some?16．—It's reported that the illness is still very serious in some countries.—Something must be__done(do) to stop it from spreading.17．A traffic accident happened(happen) to him yesterday.18．The problem is being__discussed(discuss) at the meeting now.。
专题五动词的时态和语态1．(2011年高考新课标全国卷)When Alice came to，she did not know how long she______there.A．had been lying B．has been lyingC．was lying D．has lain解析：当艾丽斯醒来时，她不知道自己在那儿躺了多久。
根据时态一致的原则，可排除B、D两项；由she did not know how long...可知应用过去完成进行时，表示持续发生的动作。
答案：A2．(2011年大纲全国卷)If you don't like the drink you________，just leave it and try a different one.A．ordered B．are orderingC．will order D．had ordered解析：句意：如果你不喜欢你点的饮料，就别喝了，再换一种。
由情境可知饮料是刚才点的，故用一般过去时。
答案：A3．(2011年高考山东卷)When I got on the bus，I________I had left my wallet at home. A．was realizing B．realizedC．have realized D．would realize解析：句意：当我坐上公共汽车时，我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。
根据句意知when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词表示的动作和主句的谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，且从句用一般过去时。
故B项正确。
答案：B4．(2011年高考福建卷)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they________from China.A．receive B．are receivingC．have received D．had received解析：句意：上个月，日本政府表达了他们对收到的来自中国的援助的谢意。
要点一现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时）１．一般现在时常用于的四种情况（１）表示习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态，常与usually，often，sometimes，every day，now and then等标志词连用。
（２）表示不受时间限制的客观事实、客观规律或真理。
（３）表示按时间表或时刻表已经拟定好或安排好的将要发生的事情或动作，这一动作不因个别人的意愿而改变。
如：go，come，leave，arrive，start等。
The train leaves at 6：３0 every morning.这趟火车每天早晨六点半发车。
（４）在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中代替一般将来时。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we'll have a trip.如果明天不下雨，我们将去旅行。
２．现在进行时所适用的两类动作（１）表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
现在进行时由“am/is/are＋现在分词”构成。
请注意以下现在分词的变化形式：（２）现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go，come，leave，stay，start，arrive，land，meet，move，return，stay，stop，do等。
“The moment is coming soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。
３．现在完成时态常用于的四种情形（１）表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。
常用的时间状语有：lately 近来recently 最近so far 到目前为止by now 到现在up to/till now 直到现在in the last/past few fays/years 在过去的几天/年里Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.到目前为止工作进展很顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。
( 九) 动词的时态和语态Ⅰ.单项选择。
(B)1. —Hi ，WangNing ！How's the weather in Jinan now?— It is terri ble.It________ all the morning.A． rains B．is rainingC． rained D．will rain(A) 2. —What does your sister like doing in her free time?— She ________ w atching TV.A． likes B． likedC． has liked D． had liked(C) 3. Do you know if________ back next week？If he ________ back， please let me know.A． he co mes； will comeB． will he come； comesC． he will come； comesD． will he come； will come(C) 4. —May I see Mr.Lin，please?— Well ， I'm afraid he's not in at the moment.I think he ________ back soon.A． came B ． has comeC． will be D．was(D)5. Look at those big black clouds.It________ rain.Let's hurry.A． must B ． willC． would D ． is going to(B) 6. Don't talk loudly here.My little baby ________.A． has gone out B ． is sleepingC． sleeps D ． went to school(B)7. —My daughter ________ her driving test yesterday.— Congratulations.She had practiced drivin g really hard.A． passes B ．passedC． has passed D．had passed(C) 8. —Your e－ mail address again ？ I ________ quite catch it.— Hul23@.A． don't B．can'tC． didn't D．won't(B) 9. —Oh ， Mrs.King，your necklace looks nice.Is it new?— No，I________ it for two years.A． had B ． have hadC． bought D．have bought(A) 10. —________ to the U nited States?— No， never.But I went to Canada a few yearsago.A． Have you been B ． Have you goneC． Did you go D ．Will you go(D)11. — Are Li Yan and Wang Mei stillliving in Ningbo?— No， they ________ to Shanghai.A． had moved B ． movedC． will move D．have moved(C) 12. — Do you know the man over there?— Yes.I________ him several times sincelast month.A． see B ． sawC． have seen D ． had seen(D) 13. — What do you think of my answer tothe question?— Sorry.What's that？I________about something else.A． thought B．am thinkingC． had thought D．was thinking(D) 14. — Amy， I called you yesterday evening，but nobody answered the phone.— Oh， I ________ a walk with my mother at that time.A． take B．tookC． am taking D．was taking(C) 15. — Did you see Henry at the party?— No， he ________ by the time I gotthere. A． left B ． was leavingC． had left D．has left(B) 16. — What is the weather like today?— It is cloudy.And I think it ________.A． was raining B．is going to rainC． is raining D．rained(A)17. — Tom， ________ you ever ________that new film?— Yes.I ________ it a week ago.A． have； seen； sawB． have； seen； seeC． do； see； seeD． had； seen； saw(C)18. It ________ over sixty years since thePeople's Republic of China was founded.A． was B ． had beenC． is D．will be(B)19. Don't make any noise.We ________ to apiece of wonderful music at the moment.A． will listen B．are listeningC． listen D．have listening(A)20. —I saw her smoking in the restaurant yesterday afternoon.— But she seldom________.A． smokes B ．had smokedC． smoked D ．is smoking(C) 21. —How do you like your school，Feifei?— Quite good.The number of students here________ year by year.A． increased B．was increasingC． is increasing D．are increasing(D)22. —Was Kate happy to see her old friends yesterday?— Yes， she was.She ________ them for a long time.A． didn't see B．wouldn't seeC． hasn't seen D．hadn't seen(B) 23. —Has your mother finished her report?— Sorry ， I don't know.She ________ it this morning.A． is writing B．was writingC． writes D．has written(B) 24. —Why are you in such a hurry，Mike?— There ________ an NBA game in ten minutes.A． will have B．will beC． is going to have D．are going to be(C)25. —Jenny wants to know if you ________ a hiking trip tomorrow.— Of course we will.But if it ________，we'll visit the Space Museum instead.A． will go on；will rain B．go on；rainsC． will go on ； rains D ． go on ； will rain (B)26. —What's that terrible noise?— The neighbors ________ for a party.A． have prepared B．are preparingC． prepare D．will prepare(D) 27. —When did the meeting begin?— At four o'clock.It ________ for 15 minutes.A． was on B ．beganC． has begun D．has been on(D) 28. —Li Kai ， hand in your homework，please.— Oh，sorry.I ________ it at home this morning.A． was leaving B．have leftC． had left D．left(B) 29. —How was your day off?— Pretty good ！ I ________ the science museum with my class mates.A． visit B．visitedC． am visiting D．will visit(A) 30. — Where ________ you ________ lunch?— At home.There was no school lunch.A． did ； have B ． are ； havingC． will ； have D ．do； have(C)31. Students ________ not to use mobile phones in our school now.A． ask B ． askedC． are asked D．were asked(C) 32. — Dad，please open the door.It ________.— OK， dear.I am coming.A． locks B ． lockedC． is locked D．was locked(D) 33. — How often do I need to feed the dog?— It _______ _ food every day，or it will be hungry.A． must give B．must be giveC． must gave D．must be given(B) 34. I believe that those mountains ________ with trees in a few years.A． are covered B．will be coveredC． are covering D．will cover(A) 35. — Have you heard of the song Little Apple?— Yes.It ________every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.A． is played B．playsC． was played D．played(B) 36. — Did you go to Jim's birthday party?— No， I ________.A． am not invited B．wasn't invitedC． haven't invited D．didn't invite(C) 37. We________ to start at once， or we will miss the train.A． tell B．have toldC are told D．told(C) 38. — When ________ the car ________？— Sorry ， I don't know.A． does； invent B．did；inventC． was； invented D．was；inventing(C) 39. — Do you have any problems if you ________ this job?— Well ， I'm thinking about the working time.A． offer B．will offerC． are offe red D ．will be offered(C) 40. The word ________ five letters.A． is made up B ．makes up ofC． is made up of D ． made up of(C) 41. The gifts________by my friendsyesterday.A． are bought B．is broughtC． were bought D．was bought(D) 42. —Have you read a book called Jane Eyre?— Who ________ it?A． writes B．has writtenC． was writing D．wrote(C) 43. — Where are the flowers?— You see, someone ________ them to the window.A． moves B ． had movedC． has moved D ． would move(D) 44. —Do you have any plans for tonight?— Yes ，I________at the new Italian restaurant in town.A． eat B． have eatenC． ate D． am going to eat(C) 45. —I________to make a decision for myself .What should I do?—If I ________you,I ’d talk wit h my parents.A．don’t allow; amB．won’t allow; wasC． am not allowed; wereD．weren’t allowed; be(B) 46. Eating and drinking on Shanghai subwayis not allowed.If you________ the rule ，you'll face a fine( 罚款 ) of 500 yuan.A． broke B ． breakC． will break D． have broken(C) 47. Parents and students________toschool concert last night.A． invited B． was invitedC． were invited D． would invite(B) 48. Paul________enter Mr.Smith's house just now.A． saw to B．was seen toC． was seen D． saw(C) 49. Your application won't________until you complete the survey.A． accepts B． receiveC． be accepted D． be received(B) 50. —Food safety is very important.— So some rules________ to stop people from polluting food.A． make B ． must be madeC． must made D ． be made(D) 51. I think the telephone________before the car.A． invents B． inventedC． is invented D． was invented(B)52. A new school ________ last year in my hometown.A． set up B．sets upC． is set up D．was set up(B) 53. Please don't stand up in class until you ________.A． were told to B．are told toC． were told D．are told(C) 54. A talk on American culture________ inthe schoool haa yesterday afternoon.— Well ， I'm thinking about the working time.A． gave B ． will giveC． was given D．will be given(D) 55. — God， your classroom is so dirty.— Wewere busy getting ready for the final exam last week.It ________.A． hasn't cleaned B ． didn't cleanC． was clean D ． wasn't cleaned Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
动词时态与语态1. 【2011北京卷21】Experiments of this kind ______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conductedB. have been conductedC. had conductedD. had been conducted【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和语态，句意：就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。
根据句意可知，conduct与主语Experiments of this kind构成动宾关系，谓语应用被动形式；“the second war”是过去的时间点，before the second war是“过去的过去”。
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2.【2011新课标卷24】I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite.A. was just beingB. will just beC. had just beenD. would just be【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。
句意：我不能肯定他是真正感兴趣还是仅为了表示礼貌。
根据句意可知，空格处表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作，所以用过去进行时。
3.【2011新课标卷29】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain 【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态。
句意：当爱丽丝苏醒过来时，她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。
过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。
时态语态1．—Sir，I'm here.—Please listen.I________asking your parents to come our school，but I'd like to hear your opinion first.A．have considered B．am going to considerC．considered D．have been considering答案 D [句意：——老师，我在。
——请听好。
我一直在考虑让你父母来学校，但我想先听听你的意见。
have been considering是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在并且还在进行。
]2．Hello，you________7856321.But I'm sorry，right now I'm unable to answer your questions.A．reached B．were reachingC．have reached D．had reached答案 C [句意：您好！您已拨通了7856321。
但是很抱歉，此刻我不能回答您的问题。
根据I'm sorry可知谈论的是现在的情况；根据语境可知“已经拔通”，所以用现在完成时。
]3．—May I speak to Mr.Williams at five tomorrow afternoon?—I'm sorry.He________a conference then.A．attends B．has attendedC．would attend D．will be attending答案 D [考查时态。
答句中的then指代的是at five tomorrow afternoon，此处意为“明天下午五点那个时候他将正在开会”，故应用将来进行时。
]4．—Did you telephone Uncle Sam our plan for the Christmas holidays on his farm?—Yes，he was happy about our arrival，and he eagerly asked when________.A．has we arrived B．we had arrivedC．were we arriving D．we were arriving答案 D [考查时态和语序。
一、动词的时态和语态动词的时态、语态是高考的重点考点,有的试题单独考查的是某种时态的用法,如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等,而有的试题会把时态和语态、时态和主谓一致融合起来进行考查,也有的试题综合性很强,会把时态、语态和主谓一致三个考点融合在一个小题中进行考查。
动词时态的一般体单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.1.答案declared 考查动词的时态。
陈述过去发生的事情需用一般过去时,故填declared。
2.(2018课标全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.2.答案is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。
本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致,故用一般现在时;宾语从句中的主语为it,故用is。
3.(2018课标全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer remendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.3.答案started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。
语法专题二动词的时态和语态动词的时态分为三时四体。
三时指现在、过去和将来；四体指一般、进行、完成和完成进行。
常考时态为一般过去时、一般现在时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时和将来完成时等。
动词的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。
考点一一般现在时1．表示一个习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。
He always comes first.2．表示永恒的状态或真理。
The moon moves around the sun once every month.3．在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时，而不用将来时态。
We'll stay at home if it rains.4．动词go，come，start，begin，leave，arrive，return，be等的一般现在时，可用来代替将来时，表示事先已计划或安排好的将要发生的动作或状态。
The live football match starts at 9 o'clock this evening.5．时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
The train leaves at 8 o'clock.考点二一般将来时1．be going to表示说话者明确的打算或确信会发生，多用于口语。
1）表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事。
I'm going to buy a new bike.2）表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。
It looks as if it is going to rain.2．be to表示安排好要发生或命令做什么。
1）表示预先安排好的计划或约定。
I am to meet Tom this evening.2）表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。
