Unit 英汉对比与翻译 二

英汉对比与翻译 （二） 英汉句法现象的对比
2. 句法现象的对比
A: People are always talking about “the problem of youth”. If there is one—which I take leave to doubt—then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
?大自然为保护鲸，使它不致在北 冰洋受冻，便让它长了一曾厚厚 的脂肪，叫做鲸脂。鲸杀死后， 把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有 的在船上进行，有的在岸上进行。
3）复合句顺序（短语顺序）
? 翻译下列句子，注意排列顺序的差异：
? Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected there is a “high temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its centre roughly thirty miles above the ground.
?(他一回到家，天就下起了瓢泼大雨。）
?D）Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality. (inverted)
?当时我确实 还不太懂战争的意义以及 战争实际上是怎么回事。
? E） By the time he entered college, he had been exposed to English for 6 years.
? 上大学前，他学英语已经有六年时间了。 ? 英语和汉语句子中语态的使用频率存在一定的差异。被
动语态在英语中的使用比率相对与汉语而言要多。
?Nothing was gained by all the over caution.
?所有这些谨小慎微，到头来一无所得。
?I must have been cheated again.
(杰克从前是个政府官员，现在是犯人。）
2）句子结构
?A）The two countries—with all the talk of warmer relations—are spying on each other as avidly as at the height of the cold war.
? B. He that loves glass without G,
? Takes away L and that is h来自百度文库.
中文也有类似拆字游戏：
此木是柴山山出
因火生烟夕夕多（纪）
? ( Glass without G is lass, meaning a “young woman”. If the L is taken away from “lass” what remains is an “ass”, referring to a donkey or a stupid person.
? Thus, it means “ He who loves women is a stupid person”.孙( 利民, 2005:74)
? 在翻译实践中，我们通常把句子作为操作处理的 基本单位。英语和汉语的句子结构及句法既有相 似之处，更有明显的区别。（傅晓玲等，2004： 58）
1）时态对比：
?(尽管两国高唱关系改善，但双方仍像在 冷战期间一样互相侦察对方）
?B）The question is whether he can understand what she said about her position.
?(问题是他能不能理解她的立场）
?C）Hardly had he got home, it began to rain cats and dogs.
?我准是又上当了。
?To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore.
?人们总是在谈论 “青年人问题”。如 果真有这么一个问题 ——对这一点我 要不揣冒昧地表示怀疑 ——那也是年 长者造出来的，而不是青年人自己造 成的。让我们认真考虑一下问题的根 本吧，而且我们要承认青年人毕竟是 人——跟他们长辈一样的人。青年人 和老年人之间只有一点不同，那就是 青年人的光辉未来在他们前头，而老 年人的辉煌已经留在他们身后，或许 这就是问题之所在 。
英语的时态有十六种，与汉语的时态相比要复杂得 多，汉语一般没有时态的变化。
如：I will go to Beijing tomorrow afternoon.
( 我明天下午去北京)
Jack used to be a government official, but he is in prison now.