考研英语基础构词法练习及答案详解

英语构词法练习题一、基础练习A：名词后加“y”变成形容词sun---_________( ) wind -—-__________（） cloud ——-__________（）rain -——________（ ) snow --—__________（） fun-——__________（ ) health —-—________（）noise -——__________( ）salt—-—__________( )luck -—-__________（） sleep ———__________( ） sand -——__________（ )B：名词后加“—ful" “—less”变成形容词care -——__________（)__________（）use--—__________（ )__________( ）colour---__________（）_________( ) help-—-__________( ）__________( )hope ---__________（）__________( ) harm —-—__________( ）__________( )success-—-________( ） wonder———_______（ ) peace—-—__________（）sleep ———__________（ ) home-——__________( ） value———__________（）C: 名词后加“—ern”变成形容词east—-—______( )west --—_______（）south—-—_______（ ) north—--__________（ )D: 名词后加“-al"变成形容词person——-__________（)education-——__________（)tradition———__________( ） medicine--—__________（） music —-—__________（）nature--—__________( )E: 名词后加“—ly”变成形容词friend-——___________( ） love-——___________( ) week-—-__________( ) F：名词后加“——ous”变成形容词danger——-___________( ) mystery-—-___________（ ) fame-—-__________( ) G：名词后加“-en”变成形容词wool——-___________（ ) wood-——___________（ ) gold--—__________（）H: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化energy——-___________（ ) athlete——-___________( ） hunger--—___________（） pride-——___________( ） death——-___________（） science-——___________（）knowledge---___________( ）anger—--___________( ）Africa---___________（） America—-—___________( ） Asia—-—___________( ) Australia--—___________（）I:动词变名词①work-——________(工作者) sing—-—________（歌手) teach-—-_________(教师）drive---_________(司机） write--—________（作家） dance———_________(舞蹈家）win——-_________（获胜者) run-—-___________（赛跑者） swim———_________（游泳者）act---_________（演员） collect---__________（收藏家) direct-—-___________（主管）visit———_________(参观者) invent-—-_________（发明家) translate-—-_______ _(翻译家）②educate--—___________(教育) describe-—-___________(描述） predict---___________(预言) collect—--___________(收藏） invent---___________(发明) build-—-___________（建筑物）③mean—-—___________（意思) meet———___________(会议） cross--—___________（路口）turn—-—___________(转弯处) decide---___________(决定） die———___________(死亡)④fly—--___________(飞行） know——-___________（知识) please——-___________（高兴）pronounce--—___________（发音) mix—-—___________（混合物)J：形容词的两种形式—ing/—edplease—-—___________(令人高兴的)---___________(感到高兴的)surprise-—-___________（令人惊讶的的) ---___________(感到惊讶的）excite———___________(令人兴奋的）—-—___________(感到兴奋的)interest—-—___________（令人感兴趣的)---___________（感兴趣的）worry———___________（令人担忧的） ---___________(感到担忧的）amaze, annoy, bore， disappoint， embarrass, frustrate， relax, terrify， thrill, tire等K: 形容词的变化a: 形容词变副词。

构词法习题以及答案构词法习题以及答案构词法是语言学中研究词汇构成和形态变化规律的学科。

它探讨了词根、前缀、后缀等构词成分的组合方式，以及这些构词成分在不同语境中的变化和意义。

构词法习题是帮助学习者巩固和拓展自己构词能力的重要工具。

下面，我们来看一些构词法习题以及答案。

习题一：根据下列词根和后缀，构造合适的词汇。

1. 词根：tele- 后缀：-vision答案：television（电视）2. 词根：bio- 后缀：-graphy答案：biography（传记）3. 词根：photo- 后缀：-graph答案：photograph（照片）4. 词根：auto- 后缀：-mobile答案：automobile（汽车）5. 词根：micro- 后缀：-scope答案：microscope（显微镜）习题二：根据下列词根和前缀，构造合适的词汇。

1. 词根：cycle- 前缀：re-答案：recycle（回收）2. 词根：play- 前缀：dis-答案：display（展示）3. 词根：use- 前缀：mis-答案：misuse（滥用）4. 词根：lead- 前缀：un-答案：unleaded（无铅的）5. 词根：do- 前缀：over-答案：overdo（过度）习题三：根据下列词根和词根，构造合适的词汇。

1. 词根：bio- 词根：graphy答案：biography（传记）2. 词根：tele- 词根：phone答案：telephone（电话）3. 词根：photo- 词根：graph答案：photograph（照片）4. 词根：auto- 词根：mobile答案：automobile（汽车）5. 词根：micro- 词根：scope答案：microscope（显微镜）通过以上的构词法习题，我们可以锻炼和巩固自己对构词法的理解和应用能力。

构词法不仅是语言学的一个分支，也是我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。

构词法专题讲义学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Kate is only a ________ girl, but she can play the piano well.A．6-years-old B．6-year-olds C．6-year-old D．6 years old【答案】C【详解】句意：凯特只是一个6岁大的女孩，但是她弹钢琴弹得非常好。

考查复合形容词。

此处作定语，修饰名词girl，用形容词，数词-单数可数名词-形容词，six-year-old表示“6岁的”，是形容词，6 years old“6岁”，是名词短语，故选C。

2．The shop _________with old people on weekends，but children _________in the interesting places.A．crowds；crowded B．crowded；crowds C．crowded；crowd D．is crowded；crowd【答案】D【详解】句意：周末商店挤满老人，但是有趣的地方挤满了孩子。

本题考查动词和名词。

crowd作动词讲，意为“挤满”；当名词讲，意为“人群”。

be crowded with挤满。

第一空缺少谓语，表示商店满是老人，用短语be crowded with。

第二空作谓语，表示挤满，用动词，主语children 是复数，谓语用复数形式。

故选D。

3．In my hometown, the villagers built a ______ bridge in order to cross the river last year.A．800 meter long B．800 meters long C．800-meter-long D．800-meters-long【答案】C【详解】句意：在我的家乡，去年为了过河，村民们建了一座800米长的桥。

高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起。

2. 用连字符(—)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映， drink喝—饮料, record录音-记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的—-使完善 3。

名词转化为形容词(副词） front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目.特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高.检测构词法,在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。

如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A。

care B. carefulC. careless Dcarelessness2。

The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai。

A。

die B. dead C。

died D。

death3。

The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B。

sadness C. sadly D。

sad4。

He is an expert at chemistry。

We all call him a ________。

01 构词法小贴士：对于学英语来说，词汇无疑是第一关。

面对教材中大量的英语词汇和做题时题目中出现的新词汇，我们常常显得无所适从，苦于记忆单词效率低，遗忘速度快。

而构词法．．．，则是开启英语词汇大门的钥匙．．。

．．。

构词法的学习，更重要的在于运用英语的构词法主要有：转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法等，我们重点掌握三种构词法：合成法、转化法与派生法。

【典例1】The whole area has been affected by snow storms in America．（bad）．参考译文：在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响．答案详解：提示词bad是形容词，意为"严重的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响．"，设空处的单词修饰动词affected且意思是"严重地"，所以应填bad的副词形式badly，所以答案为：badly．【典例2】The mountain climbers in finding the way and got to the top finally．（successful）参考译文：登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶．答案详解：提示词successful是形容词，意为"成功的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶．"，由于设空处单词在句子中作谓语，且后面的动词got是过去式，所以应填动词succeed的过去式succeeded，所以答案为：succeeded．【典例3】These software will us to connect computers to the Internet more easily．（ability）参考译文：这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来．答案详解：提示词ability的名词，意为"能力"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来．"，由于设空处单词放在助动词will 后面且后面有宾语us，所以应填动词enable （使能够），enable sb to do sth固定用法，使某人能做某事．所以答案为：enable．【典例4】John felt very thirsty and he drank two of water．（glass）参考译文：约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水．答案详解：提示词glass是名词，意为"杯子"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水．"，由于设空处单词放在数词two后面，表示"两杯水"，所以应填复数形式glasses，所以答案为：glasses．【典例5】Mr．Black will make a speech in our school hall at 12：00 tomorrow．（speak）参考译文：布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲．答案详解：提示词speak是动词，意为"说"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲．"，由于设空处单词放在make a 后面，构成短语"做演讲"，所以应填speech，所以答案为：speech．一．构词法--1.合成法1．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball？A．daily B．actor C．pancake D．discussion 2．Which of the following words is formed like "homework"？（）A．inventor B．raincoat C．dishonest D．careless3．﹣Let's go on foot．It's ______ walk from here to the cinema．（）A．a twenty minute B．a twenty﹣minuteC．a twenty﹣minutes D．a twenty﹣minute's4．The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco．The USA．Which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark？（）A．unpleasant B．useless C．summertime D．surprising 5．Dear Peter，you have grown up，and you can decide your future．（you）6．Which of the following words is formed like "handbag"？（）A．meaningful B．snowman C．protection D．impatient 7．Kate is girl．She's very happy at school．（）A．a eighteen﹣year﹣oldB．an eighteen﹣year﹣oldC．an eighteen﹣years﹣oldD．a eighteen﹣years﹣old8．After the final exams，I will have a ___________ vacation in Hainan．（）A．5 day B．5﹣day C．5 days D．5﹣days9．The Century Park is far from here，indeed it's about ______ walk．（）A．two hours B．a two hour'sC．a two﹣hours D．a two﹣hour10．We'll be away for two weeks because we'll have a ．（）A．two﹣weeks holiday B．two﹣weeks'holidaysC．two﹣week holiday D．two﹣week's holiday二．构词法-2.派生法（共29小题）11．The boys like playing basketball because they think they can be （relax ）12．Rich or poor，young or old，we all have problems．And unless we deal with them，we can （easy）become unhappy．13．The student missed the tour around Donggao Park．（enjoy）14．（luck），John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe．15．Linda is a top student，she is hard﹣working．（real）16．It is important for us to protect nature（wise）．17．Larry has put on too much weight because of his diet．（healthy）18．Mother was very angry because I wrote（care）．19．They couldn't believe their ears when they got the（expected）result．20．Nowadays，Wechat is（wide）used among young people．21．Granny is seventy years old now and she is a little（forget）．22．The Eiffel Tower，a cultural icon of France，was completed at the end of the（nineteen）century．23．He is one of the great（science ）in the world．24．The great held a big painting exhibition in Shanghai last August．（art）25．It's（terrible）cold today．You should put on more clothes．26．Tom is such a boy that he always tells a lie when he makes a mistake （honest）27．When it's raining outside，the streets usually become much busier．（heavy）28．People around are happy to make friends with Mike because of his．（honest）29．We watch the．（raise）of the national flag in the playground every Monday morning．30．The fruit and vegetables are good for the health（develop）of children．31．I haven't received any letters from my pen friend in England（recent）32．It was of you to tell a lie about your age in the interview．（honest）33．My sister is on the left and I‘m the one on the right．（ten）34．The story is told in pictures instead of with words．（main）35．You need to press the button to turn off the radio．（five）36．We found that army life had changed the young man．（complete）37．It may not take a long time to find a to the problem．（solve）38．Sandy enjoys reading books and she believes it can her whole life．（rich）39．Which of the following suffixes is used to form an adjective？（）A．﹣less B．﹣ness C．﹣tion D．﹣ment三．构词法--3.转化法（共31小题）40．﹣I don't want to take the plane there．I'm afraid of flying．﹣In fact，the plane is（safe）among different forms of transport．41．Our English teacher often asks us to have a（discuss）in groups of four．42．If you want to eat more（health），you should eat less meat and more vegetables．43．While the girl（shop），the alien got out．44．He hasn't told the（true）．He is lying．45．Look，the baby is（wake）．He is looking at us with a smile．46．She looked（angry）at first but later she happily talked with others．47．Madame Curie will always be remembered for her（discover）of radium．48．The environment is more and more polluted．How I wish the heavy haze （雾霾）could （appear）in our city．49．We finally came to an（agree）﹣I would cook and Ann would clean．50．Those（thief）car was seen parking behind the bank．51．Everyone likes Millie in our class because she talks to others（polite）．52．Don't look here and there while（iron）the clothes．It's dangerous．53．Always remember that no one can without working hard．（success）54．Last summer I went for a budget trip with my father to．It was great fun．（German）：55．The room was filled with smoke，and it was becoming difficult to．（breath）56．We often ask（us）how we can do more for our country．57．World Environment Day is on the（five）of June．58．I wonder how much a panda usually（weight）when it is born．59．Tom's parents are with him because he is working very hard．（please）60．The doctor was too tired after he on the patient for a long time．（operation ）61．The article tells us that sometimes money doesn't bring to us．（happy）62．Mum has bought a lot of food from the supermarket nearby．（freeze）63．Several workers were injured in the accident．（serious）64．We should try in every way not to let those factories me environment．（pollution）65．The whole area has been affected by snow storms in America．（bad）．01 构词法小贴士：对于学英语来说，词汇无疑是第一关。

高考能力测试构词法WordFormation一．合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1.直接写在一起。

2.用连字符(-)连接。

3.由两个分开的词构成。

(1)合成adj(2)合成动词(3)合成n(4)合成adv however,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,（6）合成介词inside 在……里二、派生Derivation类或几种词类。

1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话,mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映,drink喝—饮料,record录音—记录,name,date,hand,study,2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词)front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的——首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。

特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。

检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。

如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessDcarelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.Thechildlooked_______athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemisD.physician5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked_______aboutathisclassmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish. —Youcanwrite_______passageinEnglish?A.600words；a600-words B.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11Youmustcomewithustothepolice_______.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The_______orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?tter16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.Tomy________，Ipassedtheexameasily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.A.indangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.Thele tter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.Thechildlookedatme________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.nearby28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy，notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttok eep________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30.________speaking，Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.Itsoundslikeagoodplan，buttherearesome________difficultiesincarryingitout.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.Hisfatherpossessesa________factory，whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marxlefthishomelandforsome________reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive36.Thedoctorsaidthatt heoldman’sconditionwas__andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38.Westoodthere______atthe_____sight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frighteningfrightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；fright39.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged40I’dliketobuyahouse,modern,comfortableandaboveallinaquiet_.A.neighbourB.neighbourhoodC.neighboursD neighbour’sⅡ.改错练习(每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正)1.TheMiludee rarelivinginthewildinanaturalpark.2.Thisblouseisfitforhimatall.It’stoolongandthecolorhasrun.3.Thepossiblythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.4.Wemuststrengthgovernmentofthepeople，bythepeopleandforthepeople.5.Thespermwhalecandivetoadeepofmorethan1000metersinthesea.6.Heisaveryfamousactress.Hehasplayedmanyimportantpartsindifferentfilms.7.Personal，I’dratherstayathomewatchingTV.8.Becauseofherill，shecan’tgooutforthesight-seeing.9.Thankyouforyourdescribeoftheconditionshere.10.It’sreallydustinthisroom.It’salongtimesincesomeonelastlivedinit.11.Wealldon’tknowhowdarkhappens.12.Heopenedtheenvelope，foldedtheletterandbegantoreadit.13.Sheoffereduslotsofvalueinformation，whichplayedanimportantpartincatchingthethief.14.Wewishyouapleasurejourneybackhome.15.Thecaptainmadeanapologizetothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.16.Iwishthatyoucouldinterviewthesejournalswhocome.17.Coralisnotaplantbutavariousofanimallife.18.Inmyopinion，Harryisthemostsuitfulpersonforthejob.19.Thefoodwasgoodbuttheservewaspoor. 20.Thismeetingisofgreatimportanttoallofus.21.Therecomesalargecollectionofsoldiersinthedistant.22.Whenhegottothedestination，hewasquiteoutofbreathe.23.Traditionallyspeaking，RussiaisaEuropecountry.24.“Actual”means“infact”，andwecanalsouse“asamatteroffact”.25.ItispossibletopersuadeAdamtogiveupthatdecide.26.Thedoctorsaidthatthepatiencewascomfortableaftertheoperation.27.Somepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscovermightchangethewholesocietycompletely.28.TheChinesegovernmenttreasurethefriendlybetweenthepeopleoftwocountriesandwearewaitingforapeacefulsettlementofthismatter.29.Shewasafraidofhighanddarednotjumpoutoftheplane.30.Hermotherdiedofhungryaftertheflood.31.Ibetyouaremistakethistime.32.Themansaidthathewasmerelyapass-byandthathedidn’twatchtheaccident.33.—Doyoufollowme?—Yes，perfect.34.PersonalpossessofgunscauseslotsoftroublesintheUSA.35.Thegreatestwealthyisbeingcontentwithalittle.36.Ibelieveourdreamthathumanswilltraveltoandfromthemoonwillcometruthoneday.37.Failisthemotherofsuccess.38.Everyyearmillionsofvisiterscometovisitthedams.39.TheChinesepeoplearebuildingsocialistandhaveachievedgreatprogress.40.Peopleallwentuptooffertheircongratulateontheirwinningthekeymatch.前后缀“冰山一角”练习一．形容词后缀1-ous结尾advantage________ambition________anxiety________continue________courage____ ____danger________disaster________fame________glory________humor________mo untain________mystery________nerve________number________poison________pros per________religion________suspicion________vary________vigor________2.以-al结尾Chemistry________class________economy________editor________education_______ _exception________finance________function________logic________memory_______ _nation________origin________parent________person________physics________politi cs________region________substance________technique________technology________3.以-able结尾ability________accept________access________adapt________avail________avoid___ _____capability________change________comfort_________compare________convert ________desire________duration________favor________flexibility________honor___ _____move________notice________permit________reason________sense________vision________4.以-ful结尾beauty________care________cheer________doubt________faith________fruit______ __glass________hand________harm________help________mouth________peace____ ____power________skill________spoon________success________thought________wonder________二名词后缀1.以-ment结尾achieve________advance________advertise________agree________disagree________argue________assign________attach________appoint________develop________emba rrass________encourage________engage________enjoy________equip________estab lish________govern________install________manage________move________pave____ ____pay________punish________ship________state________2.以-al结尾approve________disapprove________arrive________propose________refuse________remove________survive________try________withdraw________3.以-ance/-ence/-ency/cy结尾abundant________accurate________agent________allow________apply________atte nd________bankrupt________competent________compliant________confident_____ ___consist________convenient________inconvenient________correspondent_______ _current________dependent________independent________innocent________diploma t________distant________efficient________elegant________evident________exist___ _____fluent________frequent________infer________infant________influential______ __intelligent________interfere________offend________patient________perform____ ____prefer________refer________resident________significant________silent_______ _tend________urgent________vacant________violent________4.以-ion结尾act________add________admit________attract________associate________collect___ _____combine________complete________commit________communicate________co mpose________conclude________consider________consume________create________ decide________declare________define________describe________destroy________det ermine________devote________direct________distinct________discuss________dominate________educate________elect________evolve________except________exhaust_ _______exhibit________exploit________found________identify________illustrate___ _____imitate________impress________include________intend________introduce____ ____investigate________invite________liberate________locate________oblige______ __occupy________operate________organize________participate________permit____ ____predict________produce________provide________pollute________possess_____ ___recognize________recommend________regulate________relate________satisfy__ ______select________solve________submit________suggest________utilize________verify________三动词前后缀、1.以-en开头或结尾large________able________courage________rich________hard________weak_______ _broad________soft________moist________length________strength________threat-________sharp________sure________2.以-ify结尾magnified________simple________pure________intense________beauty________ clear________electrical________note________unite________dignity________3.以-ize/ise/yze/yse结尾real________industrial________mechanic________central________popular________e vaporation________standard________neutral________高考能力测试答案构词法Ⅰ.单项填空1~5BDACB6~10CBDCB11~15ACDCB16~20BAAAB21~25CBBCA26~30DADBA31~35BBCCC36~40DAADB【解析】6.leading主要的，领头的。

英语构词法练习题一、基础练习A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词sun---( sunny ) wind ---( windy ) cloud ---( cloudy ) rain ---( rainy ) snow ---( snowy ) fun---(funny ) health ---( healthy ) noise ---( noisy ) salt---( salty ) luck ---( lucky ) sleep ---( sleepy ) sand ---( sandy ) B: 名词后加“-ful” “-less”变成形容词care ---( careful )_( careless ) use---_(useful )( useless )colour---( colourful ) ( colourless ) help---( helpful ) ( helpless )hope ---( hopeful )_( hopeless ) harm ---(harmful ) ( harmless ) success---( successful ) wonder---(wonderful ) peace---( peaceful ) sleep ---(sleepless ) home---(homeless ) value---(valueless )C: 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词east--( eastern )west ---( western )south---( southern ) north---(northern )D: 名词后加“-al”变成形容词person---( personal )education---(educational )tradition---(traditional) medicine---( medical ) music ---(musical ) nature---( natural )E: 名词后加“-ly”变成形容词friend---( friendly ) love---(lovely ) week---( weekly )F: 名词后加“--ous”变成形容词danger---( dangerous mystery---( mysterious ) fame---( famous )G: 名词后加“-en”变成形容词wool---( woolen ) wood--( wooden ) gold---( golden )H: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化energy---( energetic) athlete---( athletic ) hunger---(hungry ) pride---( proud ) death---( dead ) science---( scientific ) anger---( angry ) Africa---(African ) America---(American ) Asia---( Asian ) Australia---( Australian )I:动词变名词①work---__worker_(工作者) sing---_singer___(歌手) teach---____teacher__(教师)drive---___driver____(司机) write---_writer_(作家) dance---_dancer(舞蹈家) win---____winner__(获胜者) run---___runner___(赛跑者) swim---__swimmer(游泳者)act---___acter(演员) collect---collector(收藏家) direct---___director(主管) visit---__visitor(参观者) invent---_inventor(发明家) translate---____translator(翻译家)②educate---____education(教育) describe---__description(描述) predict---prediction(预言)collect---collection(收藏) invent---invention_(发明) build---building(建筑物)③mean---__meaning(意思) meet---__meeting__(会议) cross---crossing(路口)turn---__turning(转弯处) decide---_decision(决定) die---___death(死亡)④fly---__flight(飞行) know---___knowledge(知识) please---__pleasure(高兴) pronounce---__pronouncement(发音) mix---____mixture(混合物)J：形容词的两种形式—ing/—edplease---___pleasing(令人高兴的)---_____pleased(感到高兴的)surprise---___surprising(令人惊讶的的) ---____surprised(感到惊讶的)excite---____exciting(令人兴奋的) ---____excited(感到兴奋的)interest---_____interesting______(令人感兴趣的)---_____interested( 感兴趣的) worry---____worrying__(令人担忧的) ---__worried(感到担忧的)amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等K: 形容词的变化a: 形容词变副词。

01 构词法小贴士：对于学英语来说，词汇无疑是第一关。

面对教材中大量的英语词汇和做题时题目中出现的新词汇，我们常常显得无所适从，苦于记忆单词效率低，遗忘速度快。

而构词法．．．，则是开启英语词汇大门的钥匙．．。

．．。

构词法的学习，更重要的在于运用英语的构词法主要有：转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法等，我们重点掌握三种构词法：合成法、转化法与派生法。

【典例1】The whole area has been affected by snow storms in America．（bad）．参考译文：在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响．答案详解：提示词bad是形容词，意为"严重的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响．"，设空处的单词修饰动词affected且意思是"严重地"，所以应填bad的副词形式badly，所以答案为：badly．【典例2】The mountain climbers in finding the way and got to the top finally．（successful）参考译文：登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶．答案详解：提示词successful是形容词，意为"成功的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶．"，由于设空处单词在句子中作谓语，且后面的动词got是过去式，所以应填动词succeed的过去式succeeded，所以答案为：succeeded．【典例3】These software will us to connect computers to the Internet more easily．（ability）参考译文：这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来．答案详解：提示词ability的名词，意为"能力"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来．"，由于设空处单词放在助动词will 后面且后面有宾语us，所以应填动词enable （使能够），enable sb to do sth固定用法，使某人能做某事．所以答案为：enable．【典例4】John felt very thirsty and he drank two of water．（glass）参考译文：约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水．答案详解：提示词glass是名词，意为"杯子"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水．"，由于设空处单词放在数词two后面，表示"两杯水"，所以应填复数形式glasses，所以答案为：glasses．【典例5】Mr．Black will make a speech in our school hall at 12：00 tomorrow．（speak）参考译文：布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲．答案详解：提示词speak是动词，意为"说"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"布莱克先生将于明天12点在学校大厅举行一次演讲．"，由于设空处单词放在make a 后面，构成短语"做演讲"，所以应填speech，所以答案为：speech．一．构词法--1.合成法1．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball？A．daily B．actor C．pancake D．discussion参考译文：下列哪个单词的形成方式和"雪球"相同？答案详解：daily日常的，派生词，由day变y为i加ly构成形容词；actor演员，派生词，在动词act后面加后缀or构成名词；pancake煎饼，合成词，由pan和cake合成名词；discussion，讨论，派生词，由动词discuss加后缀ion变名词；snowball雪球，合成词，由snow和ball合成名词，因此pancake和其构成方式相同。

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构词法Word Formation在英语中,词的构成方式主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。

一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起. 2。

用连字符（—）连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成.(1) 合成形容词(2)合成动词（3）合成名词（4)合成副词however， maybe， wherever, whenever, forever(5)合成代词whoever，， whatever， everyone， nobody， myself， something，anything,二、派生 Derivation 前缀后缀注意： -ese, —ian, —ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词.-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。

三、转化 Conversion：指一个词不变化词形,而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。

1。

名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话， mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝--饮料，record录音——记录, name， date, hand， study，2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的-—使完善3.名词转化为形容词（副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领语法填空之构词法专项练习1。

The soldier died for saving the child，so his________(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________（long).3. How________ （fool） he is！4。

构词法试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个词不是由合成法构成的？A. 汽车B. 飞机C. 电话D. 书本答案：D2. “电脑”一词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B3. “老师”这个词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B4. “编辑”一词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：A5. “网络”这个词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B6. “司机”这个词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B7. “手机”这个词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B8. “图书”这个词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B9. “电梯”这个词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B10. “导游”这个词是通过哪种构词法构成的？A. 派生B. 合成C. 转化D. 缩略答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. “电视机”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成2. “自行车”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成3. “洗衣机”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成4. “电冰箱”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成5. “打印机”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成6. “出租车”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成7. “照相机”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成8. “录音机”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成9. “录像机”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成10. “传真机”是通过______构词法构成的。

答案：合成三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 请简述派生构词法的特点。