一、定语从句
阅读中，可略去定语从句不看，找出主谓宾即可。
限定性定语从关系词（非介宾）可省略：关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语。
非限定性定语从句有“，”，关系词指代主句/先行词
moment 、minute/time (that)【不用when 】
⎩⎨⎧：宾语
：主语、宾语hom w who ⎩⎨⎧ ed - them of ed -is which of 非谓语动词
—定语从句—ΛΛ ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩
⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=+⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧不引导名词性从句
）冠词（”时间状语从句“当（零冠词）不置于句首）：让步状语从句（倒装，
“如上所分析”“正如”）可置于句首定语从句（连接代词，，另一个用两个定语从句，一个用作先行词
关系副词（与动词、名词搭配）非限定性定语从句句型疑问句先行词有人有物修饰、、、、先行词被）、、、、（不定代词先行词为修饰最高级、序数词先行词是或被词代系关as such as/ same the /as n. adj. as is sb. as .n /.adj above
analysed is as case often the is as ,as which that that which/whom prep.which be here/there who/which no 、little all /last the same the very the only the one ~thing ~/few little much all that (adv.)ΛΛ ⎩⎨⎧=n. the m which/who
of m which/who of n. the n. whose 物人 ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎪⎪⎩
⎪⎪⎨⎧/in which that way he t /that for which why reason the
as as such so same the ⎪⎪⎭
⎪⎪⎬⎫ where stage case point position situation when ages times occasion childhood ⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎬⎫（阶段）病例）（情况、事例、案件、（地点））位置（）
情况（（时代）、场合）时刻（ ⎩⎨⎧→→n.
the this is that n. the is this n. this is t (that)/wha one the is n. this ⎩⎨⎧（复数）（单数）v.
of one the v.of one only the ΛΛ 二、状语从句
⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧⎩⎨
⎧++++⎩⎨⎧++⋯⋯⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧省略主语主从句主语一致，从句
，就一时间段时间段非延续性延续性条件时间将从现时间、条件、让步：主）；而虽然（尽管：
（考虑到）既然：句从语状be B)when A(,rcely hardly/sca )B than (,A sooner no )B (A since
been has /is It before be will /was It until not till /until &once when ,doing be do to about be by going with time by
goes time as while when did done had 三、名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语；陈述语序）.
☆引导一个从句，只用一个引导词
⎩⎨⎧ wrong
s what'matter the s what'）固定语序（作陈述语序 what 可指代“某…” eg ：“不再是以前的样子”what
which 表示从给定范围中选择其一
who 在主、从中用作主语、宾语；whom 在主、从中用作宾语
常用表语从句：It seems/…… as if/though …….
常用主语从句（it 作形式主语）：①It ’s no wonder （难怪） that ……. ②It’s a pity （遗憾） that …….连接副词：how 短语(how …)等
⎩⎨⎧that it do that P.adj./n./P. be it it ΛΛ形式宾语：形式主语：⎩⎨⎧ ever - matter no ”）从句（“无论让步状语从句；名词性
让步状语从句ΛΛ()()⎪⎪⎩
⎪⎪⎨⎧do to ~not or ~whether ,if if/though as that ；是否”）；：各种名词性从句（““如果”；条件状语从句“是否”非句首主语从句极少用于：动宾从句，
：表“好像”省实义；动宾后第一个可：主从常用于句首；无（不作成分）连词Λ ⎪⎩
⎪⎨⎧ΛΛΛ that is sb.) (to known is What that sb.) (to known s It'sb.), (to known is As 众所周知
⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⋯⋯+
that because s 'It why is That that is Why that is reason why The 结果）（ΛΛΛΛΛ ⎩⎨⎧+时态前移
said/asked if/whether ask say ΛΛ 宾从否定前移：think/believe/imagine/suppose sth. be/do not →don ’t ~ sth. be/do
同位语从句解释其内容：
fact/news/idea/hope/thought/order/fear/doubt/word （口信）/ proof （证据）/belief/story
