英语论文写作技巧及常用语句
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英语论文写作技巧
1.明确研究目的:在开始写作之前,确定研究的目的和问题是很重要的。
研究目的应该明确且具体,以便您在写作过程中能够专注于相关的信
息和论证。
2.撰写清晰的引言:引言是论文的开端,应该能够吸引读者的注意力
并概述您的研究主题。
在引言中,您需要阐述研究的背景、意义以及研究
问题。
3.合理组织论文结构:论文应该有清晰的结构,包括引言、方法、结
果和讨论部分。
每个部分都应该紧密连接并合理组织,以便读者理解您的
研究过程和结论。
4.优化段落结构:每个段落都应该有明确的中心思想,并在段落中进
行一致的探讨和论证。
确保段落之间的过渡流畅,以便读者能够理解论文
的逻辑结构。
5.精确使用术语和词汇:在写作过程中,确保使用准确和恰当的术语
和词汇。
避免使用模棱两可或不准确的词汇,这样会降低您的论文质量。
7.深入分析和讨论研究结果:在讨论部分中,不仅要总结结果,还要
对结果进行深入的分析和解释。
探讨结果的含义、可能的解释和研究的限制。
8.注意语法和拼写错误:在完成论文之前,仔细检查语法和拼写错误。
使用自动校对工具有助于检查错误,但不应完全依赖它们。
9.遵守学术道德:确保您的论文符合学术道德要求,包括不抄袭和遵
守引用规则。
正确引用使用其他学者的材料,即使是以自己的话再次表达。
英语议论文的写作方法与技巧(优秀5篇)(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如工作资料、求职资料、报告大全、方案大全、合同协议、条据文书、教学资料、教案设计、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic model essays, such as work materials, job search materials, report encyclopedia, scheme encyclopedia, contract agreements, documents, teaching materials, teaching plan design, composition encyclopedia, other model essays, etc. if you want to understand different model essay formats and writing methods, please pay attention!英语议论文的写作方法与技巧(优秀5篇)高考英语议论文必须逻辑严密,结构清晰,语言洗练,必须论有中心,言而有据。
英文论文写作中常用的10种句式1、否定句许多否定句不含not的否定结构。
如果论文作者能正确使用他们,就会增加写作的闪光点,使显得生动活泼。
,childrenshouldbetaughthowtobenefitfromusefulin formationontheinternet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息,而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。
erstandingofsocieties.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱,而是为了更好地了解社会。
’ssalarydoesnotdependsomuchonhiseducationalbackgroun dasonhisabilityandcontributiontothesociety.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。
2、非限制性定语从句如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明,就可以用到非限制性定语从句。
,practicalcoursescanbeusedtothereality,whichiso fvitalimportancetotheirdevelopmentinthefuture.毫无疑问,实用性课程可以用于实际中,这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。
,whichissometimesdangerousandharmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻,这在有时是危险和有害的。
hmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills ,whichmayputtheminafavorablepositioninthefuturejobm arkets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
3、让步句让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一,作者务必掌握以下4种用法,可以使英文句子起伏跌宕,富于变化。
英语作文写作的十大技巧(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如工作总结、工作计划、活动方案、合同协议、条据文书、讲话致辞、心得体会、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, activity plans, contract agreements, documents, speeches, experiences, teaching materials, complete essays, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please pay attention!英语作文写作的十大技巧英语作文写作的十大技巧分析英语作文写作的十大技巧都有哪些?英语作文写作方法技巧都有哪些可以参考借鉴的呢?一起看看吧!下面就让本店铺给大家带来英语作文写作的十大技巧,希望大家喜欢!英语作文写作的十大技巧1.灵活改变句子的开头一般情况下,英语句子的排列是“主谓宾”,即主语位于句首。
高考英语议论文写作指导及必背句型导语:议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种文体,它通过摆事实,讲道理的方式来辩明是非曲折,从而表达出自己的观点。
它常由论点,论据和论证三部分构成。
下面是为大家的高考英语议论文写作指导及必背句型,希望对大家有所帮助。
更多相关的知识,请关注FLA学习网!高考英语议论文的写作,大多有详细要点(即论点或论据)的限定,所以并不需要如何地纵横裨阖,如何地旁征博引。
但是,麻雀虽小,五脏俱全。
一篇100多词的议论文,同样必须逻辑严密,构造清晰,语言洗练,言而有据。
要尽可能防止使用口语,多用书面语,可适当使用名言警句;以议论为主,辅之以表达,说明和描写等手法。
写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论,即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。
根据题目要求,有时需要从正反两面来论述,可增强论证的力度。
最后,得出结论,照应开头,形成一个有机的整体。
议论文写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。
I. 引言(Introduction):说出要点、核心问题。
高考英语议论文的开头可以有两部分组成:现象+观点。
现象就题目或材料。
所以学生必须要理解题目或材料中的每句话,把题目或材料中的中文用英语表达出来就能成为不错的开篇。
然后再开门见山地亮出自己的观点。
II. 正文(Body):围绕主题开展表达、讨论① 引证法 (即引用一些名人名言、成语、格言、谚语等作为论据);② 例证法 (即举例来进展论证)③ 喻证法 (用比喻的方法来论证事理,把深奥、抽象的事理表述得浅显易懂,使文章既生动又形象)④ 比照论证法 (通过对事物的正反两个方面的比照来分析论证,使文章的表达效果更强烈,给人留下深刻印象)⑤ 归纳法 (从分析典型,即分析个别事物入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论)⑥ 推理法 (从一般原理出发,对个别事物进展说明、分析,而后得出结论)⑦ 驳论法 (先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,最后说明自己的观点)在正文段中,务必要牢记应采用先总后分的手法——先亮出主题句,然后再用开展句充实段落。
英语议论文作文万能句子议论文的核心问题是逻辑论证,即以翔实的论据和严密的论证表明论点、阐述道理。
小编精心收集了英语议论文作文万能句子,供大家欣赏学习!英语议论文作文万能句子精选举例句型1.Let's take…to illustrate this.2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3.Here is one more example.4.Take … for example.5.The same is true of…6.This offers a typical instance of…7.We may quote a common example of…8.Just think of…表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3.A and B differ in…4.A differs from B in…5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…pared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…7.A…,on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…8.While it is generally believed that A …,I believe B…9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…11.The most striking difference is that A…,while B…演绎法常用的句型1.There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……,但一般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。
英文学术论文写作技巧(常用句型)用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个,一是参加国际学术会议,在会议上宣讲,促进学术交流;二是在国际学术刊物上发表,使国外同行了解自己的研究成果,同样也是出于学术交流的目的。
不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求,但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。
了解了这些语言共性,便会起到触类旁通的作用。
对我国青年学者或学生来说,用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料,不是不熟悉专业词汇,也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。
用英语写论文难,是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。
关于学术英语写作的语言技巧,我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。
此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法,包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构,我们都在此作较详细介绍,以便读者模仿练习,将写作工作化难为易。
一般来说,一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成:Title(标题)Abstract(摘要)Keywords(关键词)Table of contents(目录)Nomenclature(术语表)Introduction(引言)Method(方法)Results(结果)Discussion(讨论)Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Appendix(附录)其中Title,Abstract,Introduction,Method,Result,Discussion,Conclusion,Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。
在这八项内容中,读者最多的是Title,Abstract和Introduction部分,读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。
也就是说,一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少,在很大程度上取决于Title,Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。
因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。
学术论文的正文一般包括Method,Result,Discussion三个部分。
高中英语写作议论文万能句型一. 引出话题万能句1.Recently, the problem of… has aroused people's concern.最近,……问题已引起人们的关注。
2.The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。
3.Nowadays, overpopulation has become a problem we have to face.如今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
4.It is commonly believed that…=It is a common belief that …人们一般认为……5.Many people insist that…很多人坚持认为……6.With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……7.A lot of people seem to think that…很多人似乎认为……二. 结尾万能句1.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……2.Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……3.Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that…因此,我们最好得出这样的结论……4.There is no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。
(known /h eard/h ad/r ead, etc)Lack of in ter p ers on al sk ills is one of th e mos t serious d ef ec ts t hat we h ave ever kn ow n about t od ay' s(olle ge s tudents.缺乏人际交往技能是我们迄今所知的当今大学生的最大缺陷。
二、No th i ng is + ------- er th an to + VN oth i ng is + m or e + 形容词+ t ha n to + V例句:For pare nts, n o th i ng is m or e imp ort a nt t h a n to ed uc ate c h ildr en in a p ro per w ay. 没有比以一种正确方式教育孩子更重要的事情了。
三、 -- c ann ot em ph asiz e t he imp ort ance of ------------- to o m uch.(再怎么强调…的重要性也不为过。
)例句: We c an not em ph asiz e th e im por ta nee o f p rotec ting c ele br it ies ' pr iv acy to o m uch.我们再怎么强调保护名人隐私的也不为过。
四、T h ere is n o de ny i ng t hat + S + V ...(不可否认的...)例句: T h ere is no denying th at the pr act ic al it y of o ur high er ed ucat i on h as g o ne fro m bad t o w ors e.不可否认的,我们高等教育的实用性已经每况愈下。
1.引言句型:It is universally acknowledged that...众所周知With the development of society,we come to realize that...随着社会的发展,我们开始意识到2.表达观点句型:From my perspective,I firmly believe that...在我看来,我坚信I am convinced that...我确信3.举例说明句型:For instance,we may take...as an example.例如,我们可以以为例。
A case in point is...一个恰当的例子是4.对比和对照句型:On the one hand,...On the other hand,...一方面,另一方面,Compared with...,it can be seen that...与相比,可以看出5.原因分析句型:There are several factors responsible for...有几个因素对负责。
The reasons for...are as follows.的原因如下。
6.结果阐述句型:As a result,we can come to the conclusion that...因此,我们可以得出结论Therefore,it can be inferred that...因此,可以推断出7.提出建议句型:It is advisable to take the following measures.建议采取以下措施。
There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of...毫无疑问,必须足够关注的问题。
8.总结句型:In conclusion,it is imperative that...总之,是必要的。
SCI论文写作常用精彩句式汇总1.引言句:- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for...- The issue of... has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry.2.概括句:- In summary, it can be concluded that...- Overall, the findings suggest that...- Taken together, these results indicate that...3.解释原因句:- This can be attributed to...- The main factor contributing to... is...- The reason for this phenomenon can be explained by...4.分析结果句:- The results imply that...- It is evident from the data that...- The findings provide insight into...5.提出观点句:- It is worth noting that...- It can be argued that...6.强调句:- Importantly,...- Of particular significance is...- An important aspect to consider is...7.限定句:- However,...- Nevertheless,...- On the other hand,...8.总结句:- In conclusion, it is clear that...- To sum up,...- Therefore, it can be inferred that...9.建议句:- One possible solution to address this issue is... - It is advisable to...10.进一步研究句:- Future research should focus on...- There is a need for further investigation into...- It would be interesting to explore...注意,在写作过程中,应根据具体情况选择合适的句式,并结合适当的过渡词来使论文内容具有连贯性和逻辑性。
论文中的英文写作技巧与表达方式在英文学术论文的写作过程中,准确和流畅的表达是非常重要的。
本文将探讨一些论文中的英文写作技巧及表达方式,帮助读者提升论文写作的能力。
1. 写作结构论文的结构对于阐明观点、组织思路至关重要。
以下是一般英文学术论文的常见结构:(1)引言:介绍论文的主题,概述论文的目的和重要性,并提供背景知识。
(2)文献综述:回顾相关的学术研究和理论,评估前人的研究成果。
(3)方法论:描述研究方法、实验设计和数据分析方法。
(4)结果:对实验结果进行客观的描述和分析。
(5)讨论:解释和解读结果,并与前人的研究进行比较和讨论。
(6)结论:总结研究成果,强调重要性和可能的进一步研究方向。
2. 语法和拼写良好的语法和拼写是论文写作的基础。
以下是一些常见的语法和拼写错误,需要注意避免:(1)主谓一致:主语和谓语动词在人称和单复数上要保持一致。
(2)时态一致:使用正确的时态表达,如过去时、现在时或将来时等。
(3)冠词使用:正确使用冠词(a、an、the),并避免过度使用。
(4)拼写错误:仔细校对论文中的拼写错误,可以使用拼写检查工具进行辅助。
3. 学术词汇在写作过程中,合适的学术词汇能够提升论文的专业程度,但过度使用学术词汇反而会让读者难以理解。
以下是一些建议:(1)避免使用口语化的表达方式,如俚语或缩写。
(2)使用学术词汇丰富论文内容,但确保这些词汇确实适用于所描述的概念。
(3)使用词汇表达准确的思想和观点,同时避免以讹传讹,对所使用词汇的准确性要有严谨要求。
4. 表达清晰在论文写作中,清晰的表达是非常重要的。
以下是一些建议:(1)使用简洁的句子结构和控制篇幅,避免过长的句子或段落。
(2)使用逻辑的连接词,如"however"、"therefore"、"in addition"等,帮助读者理解论文的逻辑。
(3)对于复杂的概念,使用图表或实例来解释,以帮助读者更好地理解。
最全面英语写作技巧知识点归纳总结(精
华版)
1. 提纲法
- 在写作前,先制定一个清晰的提纲,确定文章的结构和内容。
- 确保提纲包含一个引人入胜的开头,清晰的观点陈述以及有
力的结尾。
2. 文章结构
- 保持文章结构的一致性,包括引言、正文和结论部分。
- 每个段落只讨论一个主题,并确保段落之间的逻辑连贯。
3. 合理使用连接词
- 使用适当的连接词来引导读者,例如:首先(Firstly)、其次(Secondly)、另外(Additionally)等。
- 这些连接词能够帮助文章的连贯性,使读者更容易跟随你的
思路。
4. 选择恰当的词汇和语法
- 避免使用复杂的词汇和语法,尽量使用简单明了的表达方式。
- 使用正确的时态和人称,并确保语法正确。
5. 使用例证和引用
- 使用例证和引用来支持你的观点,增加你的文章的可信度。
- 确保使用的例证和引用是可靠的,并标明出处。
6. 重点句式和表达
- 研究一些常用的句式和表达方式,使你的文章更有说服力。
- 例如:It is widely believed that... (广泛认为...)、As a result, ...(因此...)等。
7. 编辑和校对
- 在完成文章后,仔细检查和编辑文章。
- 检查拼写、语法和标点符号错误,并确保文章流畅。
以上是最全面英语写作技巧知识点归纳总结的精华版,希望对您的写作有所帮助。
论文写作常用句型在论文写作中,使用一些常用句型可以帮助提升文章的表达能力和逻辑结构。
下面将介绍一些常用的论文写作句型,并提供实例来说明其用法和适用场景。
1. 引言句型引言部分是论文开篇的重要部分,可以使用以下句型引入话题和背景:- "In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in..."- "With the rapid development of technology, ..."例如:"In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the effects of social media on teenagers' mental health."2. 提出观点句型在论文中,我们需要明确提出自己的观点或假设。
下面是一些常用的提出观点的句型:- "It can be argued that..."- "One possible explanation for this phenomenon is..."- "It is widely believed that..."例如:"It can be argued that the implementation of stricter gun control laws can help reduce gun-related crimes."3. 支持观点句型在论文中,我们需要提供证据或理由来支持我们的观点。
以下是一些常用的支持观点的句型:- "Research has shown that..."- "According to a survey conducted by..."- "Numerous studies have demonstrated that..."例如:"Research has shown that regular exercise can improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease."4. 引用他人观点句型在论文中,引用他人观点可以增强论证的力度,以下是一些常用的引用他人观点的句型:- "According to (author's name),..."- "(Author's name) argues that..."- "In the words of (author's name),..."例如:"According to John Smith, a renowned economist, the implementation of sustainable development practices is crucial for long-term economic growth."5. 举例句型在论文中,举例可以帮助读者更好地理解和接受论点。
写英文论文的几个小技巧(精选5篇)第一篇:写英文论文的几个小技巧小弟不才,迄今才撰写了三篇英文文章,但写作过程中也积累了一点经验,不敢敝帚自珍,今天也斗胆向各位虫友贡献一下。
我这几篇文章,不论内容如何,但每次审稿人对于语言的评价都是还不错的,well written,总结起来不外有三个小窍门:一是平时多积累。
我在日常读文献的时候,如果发现很好的句子句式,都会记录在一个文档里面,如下面的一段话,就是我在一篇文章的摘要中发现的:This paper describes the concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of microelectro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics.First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications are explored, and a review of factors influencing the design of sensor networks is provided.Then, the communication architecture for sensor networks is outlined, and the algorithms and protocols developed for each layer in the literature are explored.Open research issues for the realization of sensor networks are also discussed.文章用词忌重复,中文如此,英文亦然。
英语作文十大万能句型在英语写作中,使用恰当的句型可以让文章更具表现力和逻辑性。
下面是英语作文中常用的十个万能句型,掌握这些句型可以帮助你提高写作水平。
1.表达观点–In my opinion, …–From my point of view, …–Personally, I believe that …2.解释原因–One reason for this is that …–This can be attributed to the fact that …–The main cause of this is …3.举例–For example, …–As an illustration, …– A good case in point is …4.转折–However, …–On the other hand, …–Nevertheless, …5.强调–It is worth noting that …–What is more, …–Indeed, …6.总结–In conclusion, …–To sum up, …–All in all, …7.建议–It is advisable to …–I would recommend that …–One possible solution is to …8.比较–Similarly, …–Likewise, …–On the contrary, …9.描述现象–It is widely acknowledged that …–It is undeniable that …–It is clear that …10.表达态度–I strongly believe that …–I am convinced that …–I am of the opinion that …以上是十个在英语写作中常用的万能句型,希望对你写作有所帮助。
不断练习运用这些句型,可以提高你的英语写作水平,让文章更加流畅和有说服力。
很详细很具体的指导英文论文写作技巧!英文论文写作谈技巧论文写作中常出现的语法问题1. 主语和谓语的单数和复数要一致英语中名词有它的单数和复数形式,动词也有它的单数和复数形式, 二者要一致 . 单数主语( subject) 名词要用动词(verb) 的单数(singular) 形式, 复数主语名词要用动词的复数(plural) 形式 . 我们写中文的不太习惯英语的这种写法, 很难做到不假思索地配对, 需要特别留心才能不出错误,特别是当主语名词和动词被分开时 . 试看下面的例句 .A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids are present in the sample.A high percentage 才是真正的主语,而不是邻近的amino acids , 所以应该用单数形式 .宜改为: A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids is present in the sample.让事情更复杂的是英语名词被分为不同的种类,其中的一类叫集合名词 . 它既可以当单数用词也可以当复数用 . 集合名词当整体来讲时是单数,每个成员作为个体时用复数 .The number of mice in the experiment was increased.A number of mice have died.All of the samples were analyzed.All of the safety procedures was strictly followed.代词none 既可以是单数也可以是复数 . 当none 后面的词是单数时, 用单数动词 . 当none 后面的词是复数时,用复数动词 . None of the information was useful.None of the animals were starved.描写数量,重量,体积,时间等的词用单数,但如果是分次添加或减少时用复数 . 在这个意义上同集合名词类似 .1.5 ml was added.10 g was added .6 hours was the required incubation time.5 g were added stepwise.简写的数量单位,如mg, ml, s 等,单数和复数的写法是一样的, 如1mg, 5 mg.一些词如series, type, portion, class, 要用单数形式 .A series of derivatives of penicillin was prepared.A large portion of the reports is focused on how to deal with the increased cost.Data, criteria, phenomena, media 是复数形式,他们的单数形式分别是datum, criterion, phenomenon, medium.2、修饰语同主语名词关系上要一致当用1 ) 动名词(gerund) ,2) 分词短句(participle) ,3) 不定式短句(infinitive) 作修饰语时,修饰语中的动词要同主句中的主语名词关系上要一致 .科技杂志论文中有这种语法错误的情况较多 . 严格来讲这只是种语法错误,一般不影响对句子的内容的理解,所以很多作者不太注意. 编辑和阅稿人有时也没有严格要求改正. 比如下面就是Nature 杂志2006 年第439 卷中的一个例子 .Using the enhancer GAL4/UAS expression system, short-term memory traces of aversive and appetitive olfactory conditioning have been assigned to output synapses of subsets of intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies.1) 动名词After finishing the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.We or I 是动名词finishing 形式上的主语,同主句的主语activity 不一致 .宜改为: After purification was finished, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.或: After finishing the purification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.Treated with the new drug, the blood cholesterol levels of participants were lowered by an average of 30%.宜改为: Treated with the new drug, participants showed an average of 30% decrease in their blood cholesterol levels.2) 分词短句The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method.The iron concentration 同using the Fenton reaction method 关系上不一致 .宜改为: The iron concentration was determined by the Fenton reaction method.或: We determined the iron concentration using the Fenton reaction method.When measuring the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.宜改为: When the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide is measured, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred. 3) 不定式短句To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, an expanded population of biking athletes was surveyed.不定式短语的形式主语是we or I ,同主句主语population 不一致 .宜改为: To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, we surveyed an expanded population of biking athletes.To confirm the diagnosis, blood test was ordered.宜改为: To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered blood test.3.主语和主语的行动(谓语)在逻辑上要一致由于一些中文和英文的表达方式不同,把中文直接翻译成相应的英文会不讲 . 一个经常被引用的语句是“price is cheap ”. 中文可以说价格便宜, 但英文只能说价格高或低. 物品可以说cheap or expensive. 用中文的表达方式来写英文, 会出现主语和主语的行动在逻辑上不一致 . 在写一个句子时要注意行动的真正主语名词是什么 . 下面是一些例子 .The highest antibiotic production was obtained at 48 h.不是production 而是production yield.宜改为: The highest antibiotic production yield was obtained at 48 h.The scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.不是activity 而是assay of activity宜改为: The assay of scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.The pharmacological compounds of ginseng were identified.药物活性化合物应该是pharmacologically active compounds.宜改为: The pharmacologically active compounds of ginseng were identified.4、代名词和其代理的先行词要一致代名词和其代理的先行词要在人称,单数或复数,和性别上一致.一些常见的代词是: he, his ( 阳性单数); she, her ( 阴性单数); it, its ( 单数); they, their, these, those ( 复数); that, this ( 单数). 比如下面的例句中, compounds 和their 一致, protein 和it 一致 .Many related compounds were synthesized and their antivirus activities were studied.Growth hormone is a protein. It promotes human body growth.下面的例句中,the 应该用their 取代 .The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deduced from the protective effects against oxidative stresses.宜改为: The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deduced from their protective effects against oxidative stresses.用代名词时除了要保持一致外,还要避免代理不清的情况出现,以免不清楚它们到底指什么而引起误解.The crude sample was dissolved in water and extracted with organic solvent. It was then evaporatedto yield the product.It 指organic layer 还是指water layer? 不明确,最好不用it.宜改为:The crude sample was dissolved in water and extractedwith organic solvent. The organic layer was then evaporated to yield the product.During meal hormones are released after which blood flow increases in the stomach.Which 既可以代表meal 也可以代表hormones, 容易产生误解 . 宜改为:During meal hormones are released. After their release stomach blood flow increases.5、位置的强调作用在英语写作中,若要强调某件事情,就把它放在句子的前面 . 中文写作中, 有关句子的条件, 时间等的修饰句都是放在前面,而主句总是放在后面 . 而英文中即可以把条件或修饰句放在前面,也可以放在后面 . 放在前面就表示你要强调修饰句的条件 . 比如:Before the hurricane arrived, most of the people have moved out. Most of the people have moved out before the hurricane arrived. 在英语中两种位置关系都可以 . 前者强调在hurricane 来之前,后者强调moved out . 而在中文中,只有一种说法,反过来说” 大多数人都离开了在hurricane 来之前” 就不对了 . 按中文的位置关系直译成英文, 往往会不确切 . 同样按英文的位置关系直译成中文也是怪怪的 . 我上小学的孩子回家来喊“ 我要吃冰激凌今天, 我没吃好长时间了”, 就是英文“I want ice cream today. I have not eaten it for a long time.” 的直接翻译 .科技写作中,一般还是把主句先写出来,除非你想强调修饰的是条件.Through scavenging free radicals, antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases.宜改为:Antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases through scavenging free radicals.In microbial fermentation, phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient.宜改为:Phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient in microbial fermentation.主动句中事情的执行者( 作者) 放在前面,有强调事情的执行者( 作者) 的意思, 而不是要研究的事物 . 被动句强调要研究的事物, 这也是为什么科技论文中被动句用得比较多的原因之一 . We studied their effects on cell growth. 强调We.Their effects on cell growth were studied. 强调Their effects.6、修饰词和被修饰词要邻近科技写作要求严谨,明确.为了严格定义一个事物,往往要加上限制性的修饰词或短句.比如描写实验用的mice 时,一般不会只说mice ,而是用类似“NCI-H23 tumor bearing female athymic nude mice” 的描述 . 前面有5个修饰词来定义研究用的mice 这时一般把最窄的定义写在最前面,最广的定义写在后面.修饰语要靠近同被修饰的对象 . 因修饰语和被修饰的词被隔开,而造成意思混乱的情况很多 . 下面是一些例子 .Inhibition of Acid B on xanthine oxidase was also reported. Inhibition of 后面应紧跟xanthine oxidase , 而不是Acid B, 隔开后句子就很难读 .宜改为:Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by Acid B was also reported. The chelating activities for ferrous ion of the Acid B were assessed. The chelating activities 后面应紧跟Acid B , 而不是ferrous ion. 宜改为:The chelating activities of the Acid B for ferrous ion were assessed.Reducing power represents the electron donating capacity, which may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity. 用which 开头的修饰句, 是要修饰reducing power , 而不是修饰electron donating capacity , 所以要紧跟在reducing power 后面 . 宜改为:Reducing power, which may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity, represents the electron donating capacity. 或: Reducing power represents the electron donating capacity. It may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity.7、主语和谓语在句子中的位置要靠近要使句子的可读性强, 有两个因素特别需要注意 . 一是句子的长短要合适 . 研究表明一个句子中有1 3-20 个字时最合适阅读 . 太短的句子有零碎的感觉,而太长的句子读起来有困难 . 二是主语和谓语动词要靠近 . 如果被隔开太远,就会有被隔离的感觉, 句子读起来就会比较困难,虽然从语法上来讲是可行的 . 这主要同人类大脑处理文字信息的过程和方式有关 . 当人们读到主语时,自然而然地期望知道主语后面的行动, 也就是结果 . 在行动( 谓语) 出现之前, 读者需要记住主语是什么,同时又要阅读和理解下面的文字,读起来很累 . 就像要屏住呼吸等待要发生的事情, 只有当谓语出现,知道了主题的行动后,才能呼出这口气 . 时间长了自然不舒服 .Lincomycin , one of the lincosamide antimicrobial agents which was first isolated more than fifty years ago , is used as a major antibiotic for the treatment of diseases caused by most Gram-positive bacteria.宜改为:Lincomycin is one of the lincosamide antimicrobial agents which were first isolated more than fifty years ago. It is used as a major antibiotic for the treatment of diseases caused by most Gram-positive bacteria.8、名词作形容词科技写作中经常会用名词来作为形容词使用,如room temperature, university researchers. 当用一个名词来修饰另一个名词时,意义一般都很清楚 . 但当三个名词放在一起,或两个名词前再加一个形容词时,就要小心 . 有的情况下, 3 个或3 个以上的名词放在一起,表达的意思很清楚,也是一种很简洁的表达方式 . 如:blood white cell number, prostate cancer patient, Beijing University medical school student. 但有时会有多种讲法. Top university researchers 可以是researchers of (only) top university 也可以是(all) university researchers who are top. 多个名词排在一起,即使表达明确,也给拥挤的感觉 . 应避免使用多个名词的修饰方式 . 最好的办法是用介词或其它方式来把他们分开, 以便清楚表达它们的修饰关系 . 多个名词罗列的情况经常发生,下面多举一些例子 .H e wrote the quality control group reports.宜改为:He wrote the reports of the quality control group.The patient showed chronic liver disease symptoms.宜改为:The patient showed symptoms of chronic liver disease. The human brain oxygen level is quite high.宜改为:The oxygen level in human brain is quite high.Their specific inhibition producing effects on fat containing food intake were assessed.宜改为:Their specific effects of inhibition on the intake of fat containing food were assessed.The present investigation evaluated various specific drug sample combinations.宜改为:The present investigation evaluated various combinations of specific drug samples-------分享,版权属于原作者。
英语议论文写作技巧英语议论文写作技巧「篇一」句:The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages。
修改后:The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages。
注:把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达,节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。
我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉,这只会引起最少的'变动。
英语议论文写作技巧「篇二」20xx年高考英语作文结尾写作技巧一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that2.Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that3.Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arriveat/reach the conclusion that4.All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that5.From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that6.To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that7.In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that10. It is believed that二、表达个人观点的`句型1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent。
英语议论文常用句型一、段首句1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。
一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to …….Some people suggest that…….2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying……. It’s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。
首先,……;其次,……。
更为糟糕的是……。
Today,……,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First,……Second……,What makes things worse is that……t.4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。
Nowadays,it is common to ……. Many people like……because……. Besides,…….5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。
它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and……is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……People’s opinions about ……vary from person to person. Some people say that……. To them,…….7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。