定语从句超详细讲解
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(完整版)定语从句讲解总结定语从句讲解⼀.定语从句1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语⽆论多长都放在被修饰词的前⾯,⽽英语中的定语则不然,是⼀个词时,放在被修饰词的前⾯,如:①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后⾯,如:③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红⾐的⼥孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位⼥⼠背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的⼈。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句⼦缺少成分。
如上⾯第5:主句:He is the man从句:who you are looking for在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选⽤关系代词 who(whom)放置于句⾸,便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第5题可以写成:He is the man you are looking for.⼆.定语从句(从句部分)1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先⾏词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先⾏词(1)先⾏词⼀般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先⾏词,⼈称代词也同样可作先⾏词。
(2)先⾏词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先⾏词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先⾏词⽽定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句⼦中充当了成分,其意思就是先⾏词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾 语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ,who ,whom ,whose ,which;关系副词有 when ,where ,why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ,whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom 前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
高中定语从句全面详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解一、定义及相关术语定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常紧跟在先行词之后。
先行词是被定语从句修饰的词,而引导定语从句的词叫做关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that。
which。
who。
whom。
whose。
as等;关系副词有when。
where。
why 等。
关系词有三个作用:引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is XXX。
这句话中,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:XXX are from Class One。
正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 XXX。
想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
XXX I helped an old man who had lost his way。
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the XXX。
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
例如:Mr。
Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus。
XXX就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see。
XXX正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come。
你正在等的教授已经来了。
The girl who is often praised by the teacher is our monitor。
She is a responsible and diligent student who always sets a good example for the rest of the class.The man you just met is my old friend。
定语从句定语从句的构成:两个简单句:A man is sta nding there.The man is my brother.= 主从复合句:The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词:行,走路的意思。
先行词就是放在从句前面的词,但是本身为定语从句中的一部分。
所以先行词在从句中作什么成分从句中就用什么样的引导词。
关系词:代替先行词承担从句中的句子成分,放在句首引导从句,所以也叫引导词。
(1.关系代词:在从句里代替先行词充当_______________ 、_________ 、__关系词的种类::I 2.关系副词:在从句里代替先行词充当 _________________关系词的作用:①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分② 把两个句子连起来一、关系代词:注意:⑴、当先行词在从句中作宾语的时候可以省略引导词把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句1. He wants to see the man. + The man is in Shanghai.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________2.1 have a sister. + She works in Hebei.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________4.Do you know the girl? + Her mother works here.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________5.1 live in a room. + Its door faces south.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________⑵先行词做宾语时who与whom的区别一般情况下不进行区分,除非是紧跟在介词之后1. This is the man. The police are looking for him.—This is the man who/whom/that ) the police are looking for.【who/whom/that 可以省略】其中介词for可以提前—This is the man for whom the police are looking.介词在引导词前面只能用whom,而且不能省略,因为介词之后只能接宾格注:that不能放在介词之后2. John is the driver. We talked about him.—Joh n is the driver _________________ we talked about.—Joh n is the driver about __________ w e talked.、关系副词:把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句This is the house. + I was born in the house.—对比:This is the house. The house was built 10 years ago.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:____________________________________________________________________________ We will never forget the day. + We will hold the Olympic Games on the day.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 对比:I will never forget the day . I spent the day with you last year.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:____________________________________________________________________________ I don' t know the reason. + He left here for the reason.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I don 't know the reason. He has told others the reason.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:____________________________________________________________________________ 介词加which 可以等于when、where 或whyThis was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in the war.T① This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in ___________ .-②_______________________________________________________________________________ -③_______________________________________________________________________________ It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on the farm.T① It is the largest farm in my hometow n. A monument sta nds on ______ .-②_______________________________________________________________________________ 一③______________________________________________________________________________ The police soon arrived at the sce ne现场).There was a man lying at the sce ne.T① The police soon arrived at the sce ne现场).There was a man lying at ______ .一②______________________________________________________________________________ T③ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:where二介词+which,介词是由_____________________ 所决定的。
定语从句超详细讲解什么是定语从句定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,在句中充当修饰成分。
关系词的种类常见的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
关系词根据在从句中的作用,可分为主格关系词、宾格关系词和属格关系词。
- 主格关系词:who, which- 宾格关系词:whom, which- 属格关系词:whose, of which定语从句结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。
根据所修饰的名词在定语从句中的作用,可分为三种结构:1. 主语关系从句:关系词在从句中作主语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
)2. 宾语关系从句:关系词在从句中作宾语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:She has a brother whom I have never met.(她有个兄弟我从未见过。
)3. 定语关系从句:关系词在从句中作定语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:I live in a house whose roof is red.(我住在一座房子里,它的屋顶是红色的。
)定语从句的使用注意事项- 关系词指代的是先行词,要保持一致性。
例如,主格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人;宾格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人或物;属格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是有所属关系的事物。
- 关系词在从句中可省略,但要根据上下文的需要决定是否省略。
定语从句的练题1. The girl _______ is my sister. (who/whom/which/that)2. The man _______ I talked to is the boss. (who/whom/which/that)3. She is the girl _______ mother works at the hospital.(who/whom/whose/which/that)4. The car _______ is parked outside is mine. (who/which/that)5. The book _______ you borrowed from the library is overdue. (whose/which/that)答案:1. who2. whom3. whose4. that5. which以上就是定语从句的超详细讲解。
定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
高中定语从句详细讲解一、什么是定语从句?定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 引导关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as, when, where等。
例句1:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.这本书是我从图书馆借来的,非常有趣。
例句2:The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
例句3:I don't know the reason why he didn't come to the party.我不知道他为什么没来参加派对的原因。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句1. 引导关系副词有:when, where, why, how等。
例句4:This is the school where I studied last year.这是我去年学习的学校。
例句5:I will never forget the day when we met for the first time.我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
四、关系代词和关系副词的用法区别1. 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,而关系副词则在定语从句中充当状语。
例句6:The girl who/that is standing there is my sister.(关系代词作主语)站在那里的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
例句7:I still remember the day when/that we went on a trip together.(关系副词作状语)我仍然记得我们一起去旅行的那一天。
五、关系代词的省略1. 当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且在主句中有明确的宾语时,可以省略关系代词。
完整版)定语从句超详细讲解定语从句研究目标:1.熟练掌握定语从句。
考点解析:定语从句的功能是解释说明。
例如,“This is the factory that/which can produce such machines”和“This is the factorythat/which we visited last week”都是定语从句,它们在主句中充当定语成分。
定语从句的定义是一个简单句跟在名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
例如,“I bought a cow that looked like a horse”。
定语从句的考查形式有语法、完形、阅读和写作。
定语从句的原理是把两个句子合为一个,两个句子有相同的部分,此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
例句:I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise。
(2016高考北京卷)Balto put his nose to the ground。
trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail。
(2016高考北京卷)A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures。
(2016高考全国卷D篇)Last year。
I spent all my time looking for a job where I could work alone without dealing with the public。
高中定语从句详细讲解一: 定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有以下三个作用: A 、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the man ,“ who〞是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the man ,在定语从句中作主语。
二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上:不用逗号“,〞与主句隔开。
意义上:是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句那么失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上:译成先行词的定语:“...的〞关系词的使用上: A .作宾语时可省略 B .可用 that C .可用 who 代替 whom非限制性定语从句形式上:用逗号“,〞与主句隔开。
意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上: A .不可省略 B .不用 that C.不可用who 代替 whom限制性定语从句举例:The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
非限制性定语从句举例:His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他,对他要求很严格。
定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如:那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
定语从句讲解一.定语从句1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,如:①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,如:③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第5:主句:He is the man从句:who you are looking for在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首,便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第5题可以写成:He is the man you are looking for.二.定语从句(从句部分)1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
定语从句详细讲解以定语从句为题,详细讲解如下:定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来给出进一步的详细信息。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句的作用是对先行词进行补充说明,进一步限定其范围或提供更多细节。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词包括“that, who, whom, whose, which”等。
例句1:I have a friend who lives in London.(我有一个住在伦敦的朋友)解释:定语从句“who lives in London”修饰先行词“a friend”,提供了进一步的信息,说明这个朋友住在伦敦。
例句2:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣)解释:定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰先行词“the book”,说明这本书是我从图书馆借来的。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句:关系副词包括“where, when, why”等。
例句3:I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天)解释:定语从句“when we first met”修饰先行词“the day”,说明这一天是我们第一次见面的那一天。
例句4:This is the reason why I didn't go to the party.(这就是我没去参加聚会的原因)解释:定语从句“why I didn't go to the party”修饰先行词“the reason”,说明这就是我没去参加聚会的原因。
3. 定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在先行词之后,也可以放在先行词之前。
例句5:The boy who is playing football is my brother.(正在踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟)解释:定语从句“who is playing football”放在先行词“the boy”之后,修饰这个男孩。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
【定语从句】一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人who whom whose物which which whose of which人、物that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year o f my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by em ail first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
!"#$%Attributive ClauseI. !"#$%&⼀、定义在复合句中,⽤以修饰名词或代词(充当定语)的从句,被称为定语从句。
例如:(1)English is a useful language.(其中形容词useful作定语修饰名词language)English is a language which helps people to communicate effectively with others.(其中“which … others”为定语从句,修饰language)(2)He told me something important.(其中形容词important作定语修饰不定代词something)He told me something that I would never forget.(其中“that … forget”为定语从句修饰不定代词something)在定语从句中,被修饰的名词或代词被称为先⾏词;引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
重点1.如果没有先⾏词(即被修饰的名词或代词),定语从句也就不存在了。
2.定语从句的关系词都必须在从句中充当⼀定的成分。
⼆、分类定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和⾮限定性定语从句。
1. 限定性定语从句:与主句关系紧密,往往直接跟在先⾏词之后,起到限定的作⽤;2. ⾮限定性定语从句:以逗号“,”隔开主句,主从句的关系相对松散,从句往往只是对先⾏词的补充说明,对主句的意思影响不⼤。
**⼀些⾮限定性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句整句句⼦。
例如:(1) The watch I bought in Switzerland works quite well. 我在瑞⼠买的那块表⾛得不错。
(2) He gave me a vase, which strikes my fancy. 他送了我⼀只花瓶,我很中意。
(3) My father’s old watch gains a bit, as is often the case. 我爸的表快了点,这是常有的事。
定语从句的讲解「最全」定语从句的讲解「最全」一. 知识疏理:1. 定语从句2. 先行词3. 关系词的用法:包括关系代词与关系副词二. 专题讲解:一. 是定语从句?定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当,也可以由一个句子来充当。
定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。
充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
汤姆是一个用功的学生,他在班里总是第一名。
(修饰名词student。
) 80多个国家都在踢足球,因此足球很流行。
(修饰整个主句Football is played over 80 countries。
)三. 先行词与关系词1. 什么是先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
e.g: Don’t forget 别忘了我让你带的书。
(the book为先行词。
)2. 什么是关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose……关系副词有:where, when, why, ……e.g: I will never forget the days when I stayed in New York.注意:①关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。
定语从句总在被修饰的先行词后面。
②在定语从句中,关系代词起着代词和连词的作用,关系副词起着副词和连词的作用。
③在定语从句中,关系词代替先行词,因此在定语从句中不能再重复作用相当于先行词的词。
下面的句子是错误的:This is the right book that you are looking for the book.(应去掉the book。
)This is the right book that you are looking for it.(应去掉it。
)①常见的关系代词②常见的关系副词e.g: Our chemistry teacher is a man can make his class lovely and interesting.我们的化学老师可以使他的课堂生动有趣。
概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词when,where,why。
关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别☛☛☛☛☛☛☛☛☛☛定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)关系词只用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用that He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
定语从句详解+例句定语从句是英语重点语法之一,几乎每个人在研究英语时都会遇到,也是高考、四级、六级等考试的重点,因此需要系统的掌握和练。
定语从句在英语中经常出现,用于修饰名词或代词,从而可以更加精准地表达意思。
以下是定语从句的详细解释和例句。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词,从而使该名词或代词的含义更加精确。
在定语从句中,包含了一个关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或一个关系副词(where,when,why)等。
二、定语从句的种类1. 定义性定语从句定义性定语从句是限制性的定语从句。
它的作用是进一步说明名词的具体内容和范围。
这种定语从句中的关系代词一般用that/who/which。
例:The book which is on the desk is mine. (在桌子上的书是我的。
)2. 非定义性定语从句非定义性定语从句是非限制性的定语从句。
它用来为名词或代词提供附加的描述或补充信息。
这种定语从句中的关系代词一般用which/who。
例:My husband, who is a doctor, is very busy. (我丈夫是个医生,非常忙。
)三、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词关系代词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose。
指物指人主格 which who宾格 which/ that whom/who形容词性物主代词 whose whose2. 关系副词关系副词有三个,分别是 when、where 和 why,表示时间、地点和原因。
四、定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词之后,用于对该名词进行限制或描述。
五、注意点1. 先行词需要同定语从句中的关系代词在性、数上保持一致。
2. 当先行词在定语从句中作为主语时,关系代词要使用主格形式 who 或者 that。
若先行词在定语从句中作为宾语,关系代词要使用宾格形式 whom 或者 that。
定语从句(一)Ⅰ. 回归复习:1.什么是定语从句?在复合句中,修饰、限定名词或带刺的句子。
2.定语从句的构成:(1)先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
(2)关系词:作用:①替代先行词②连接主从句③在从句中充当句子成分分类:①关系代词②关系副词3.定语从句的分类:(1)限制性定语从句(2)非限制性定语从句(先行词与从句间有逗号)区分标准:(1)形式:定从分类有奥妙,限与非限看逗号。
(2)先行词:限制性定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一句话。
Ⅱ.关系代词:1.which, who, whom, that, whose, as主语宾语表语定语成分先行词人Who/that Whom/that/who That whose物Which/that Which/that That whose (1)记忆口诀:which表物人用who, 人物都有that顾。
who作主语很称职, whom用到宾语里。
定从之中少定语, whose为你唱一曲。
例句:The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.The man who/that/whom you met just now is my friend,The play which/that we saw last night was wonderful.That is the girl whose brother works in Beijing.(2)请选择适当的关系代词填入空中:①This is the village __which/that__ I visited last year.②The girl __who/that_ is in red is Mary.③Is there anyone in your class __whose__family is in the countryside?④Pass me the book ___whose__ cover is white.2.that 用法:(1)指物时下列情况只用that而不用which:先行若是不定代,that就把which踹先行词前有两数,就用that定无误先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑先行主中作表语,that出现从句里先行指物又指人,that 必为关系词Just,the(only, very, last ), 其后也要用that(2)下列情况不使用that:that用法真有趣,俩个地方它不去逗号之后它不去,介词之后不考虑(3)选择适当的关系代词填入空中:① Is there anything ___ I can do for you?② That is the second time ___ I have been to Wuhan.③ This is the most wonderful time ____ I have ever had.④ Chifeng is not the city ___it used to be.Your uncle is not the man ____ he was, but your aunt is the woman__she was.⑤ They are talking about the city and the people ___ they visited last week.⑥ This is the very book ___ I am looking for.3.as 用法:(1)as在限制性定语从句中的用法:①the same … as …eg: This is the same bike as I lost.This is the same bike that I lost.②such / so … aseg: They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.对比:such / so … as 和 such / so … that:such / so … as 宾要弃such / so … that 宾不离③as … as…eg:She will marry as rich a man as she can find.(2)as 在非限制性定语从句中的用法(和which用法的区别):①位置:先行词时一句话时,as引导的定语从句可以放在主句的前、中和后面,而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句的后面。
定语从句一、概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有at,who,whom,whose,which;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表功能用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句1.关系代词的用法who, whom的用法(1)二者都用于指人。
who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。
作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studiesbest in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know ata party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom可用who 代替)whom在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park.昨天我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
(句中的whom不能用who 代替)whose的用法(2)whose可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语。
完整版)定语从句语法详解定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句,通常放在先行词之后,由关系词引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,因此也被称为形容词性从句。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系词是引导定语从句的关联词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that。
who。
whom。
whose。
which和as(主、宾、定);关系副词有when。
where。
why(状语)。
关系词的作用是连接先行词和定语从句,并代替先行词在句中充当成分。
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。
从句和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略。
例如:She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明,但如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。
从句和主句之间用逗号隔开,一般用于口语或文学作品中。
例如:My friend。
who is a doctor。
gave me some medical advice.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
2.只用which的情况:1)当先行词在从句中作表语时,只能用which,不能用that。
XXX.他给出的理由不令人信服。
2)当先行词是物时,且在从句中作主语时,只能用which,不能用that。
egThe book which is on the desk is XXX.在桌子上的书是我的。
3.既可以用that,也可以用which的情况:1)当先行词是人或物时,且在从句中作宾语时,that和which都可以使用。
XXX.我昨天遇到的那个人是一名医生。
The car that/which I bought last year is very XXX.我去年买的那辆车非常贵。
2)当先行词在从句中作介词宾语时,that不能用,只能用which。
定语从句一学习目标1.熟练掌握定语从句二考点解析⊙定从的功能—解释说明This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂⊙定语从句定义:一个简单句跟在名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。
I bought a cow that looked like a horse.⊙定语从句怎么考?语法22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.(2016高考北京卷)A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which完形Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. (2016高考北京卷)阅读&写作A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.(2016高考全国卷D篇)Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. (2016高考北京卷阅读A篇)⊙定从原理:把两个句子合为一个,两个句子有相同的部分,此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
I bought a cow.The cow looked like a horse.定语从句:I bought a cow that looked like a horseI bought a cow.The cow’s friend was a horse.定语从句:I bought a cow whose friend was a horse⊙连接定语从句的步骤:一找:找两句中相同成份,判断相同部分是人或物二删:删除从句中相同部分。
三替:用关系词替从句中删除的部分。
四放:将关系词放在从句前,将整个从句放到被修饰词后面。
关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系词关系副词When, where, why关系代词和关系副词的用法:1.that 指人或物(指先行词),在定语从句中做主语,宾语或表语2.Which 指物(指先行词),在定语从句中做主语或宾语The police found the car that /which ran into mine 警察找到了撞我车的那辆车My son is no longer the boy that he was 5 years ago 我儿子不是五年前的他了3.Who 指人(指先行词),在定语从句中做主语4.Whom 指人(指先行词),在定语从句中做宾语I want to see the scientist who/that gave us a talk just now我想见见刚才给我们作报告的科学家The girl whom /that the firefighters saved was sent to the hospital 消防员救得那个女孩被送去了医院5.Whose 指人或物(指先行词),在定语从句中做定语,即whose+nI want the book whose cover is red 我想要那本封面是红色的书注意:whose =the ···of which,the ···of whomI want the book the cover of which is red6.Where 指地方(指先行词),在定语从句中做地点状语,有时可以根据意思把where 换成in which,at which等This is the factory where my father worked 20 years agoThis is the factory in which my father worked 20 years ago这是我父亲20年前工作过的工厂I think you have got to a point where a change is needed ,or you will fail我猜你已经到了一个需要改变的地步,要不你会失败You must not look into the case ,where your brother is involved你别参与这个案子的调查了,因为你弟弟卷进去了7.When 指时间(指先行词),在定语从句中做时间状语,有时可以根据意思把when 换成in which,on which,during which等I remember the days when i worked in the country我记得在乡下度过的日子July is the month when it is the hottestJuly is the month in which it is the hottest七月是最热的月份8.Why 指原因,先行词是reason,在定语从句中做原因状语,有时可以根据意思把why 换成for whichWe do not know the reason why/for which he has gone to shanghai我们不知道他去上海的原因判断关系代词关系副词1.从句中的谓语动词。
事实上,及物动词后无宾语,就必须用关系代词;不及物动词则要用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where i stayed last year这是我去年待过的村子I will never forget the days when i worked together with you 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子This is a house that/which he used to live in。
这就是他曾经住的房子=This is a house where he used to live=This is a house in which he used to live2.判断相同的部分(先行词)在定语从句中的成分(主语,宾语,定语,状语)①先行词在从句中做主语,宾语选关系代词;作定语只能选whose;作状语选关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)②先行词是point,situation ,case ,condition,根据单词意思一般选where或when。
⊙挑战挑战1下1.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.whichB. thatC. whenD. on which2.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when3.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which4.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there挑战2下5. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent. (陕西卷)A.whichB. whereC. whomD. when6. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. (浙江卷)A.asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which7. The books on the desk, _____ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. (四川卷)A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. thatWhich or that ?8. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s. (重庆卷)A. whomB. whichC. themD. That9.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. whatthat 和which相比,只能填which的情况介词非限制性定语从句3. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. (福建卷)A.whoB. whomC. thatD. which4.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.. (湖南卷)A. asB. whereC. thatD. whichthat 和which相比,只能填that的情况序数词最高级不定代表唯一人和物避重复10.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what11. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. it关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系词关系副词When, where, why⊙定语从句的省略1,当先行词在从句中作宾语,关系词可省略;2,当先行词在从句中作主语,且为主动态,关系词可省略,且将谓语变成ing形式;3,当先行词在从句中作主语,且为被动态,关系词和be动词可同时省略。