人教版高中化学方程式大全
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人教版高中化学方程式大全
一.金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu)的还原性
2Na+H
22NaH 4Na+O
2
==2Na
2
O 2Na
2
O+O
2
2Na
2
O
2
2Na+O
2Na
2
O
2
2Na+S==Na
2
S(爆炸)
2Na+2H
2O==2NaOH+H
2
↑2Na+2H
2
O=2Na++2OH―+H
2
↑
2Na+2NH
3==2NaNH
2
+H
2
↑ 2Na+2NH
3
=2Na++2NH
2
―+H
2
↑
4Na+TiCl
4 4NaCl+Ti Mg+Cl
2
MgCl
2
Mg+Br
2
MgBr
2
2Mg+O
2
2MgO Mg+SMgS
2Cu+SCu
2S (Cu
2
S只能由单质制备)
Mg+2H
2OMg(OH)
2
+H
2
↑
2Mg+TiCl
4Ti+2MgCl
2
Mg+2RbClMgCl
2
+2Rb
2Mg+CO
22MgO+C 2Mg+SiO
2
2MgO+Si
Mg+H
2S==MgS+H
2
Mg+H
2SO
4
==MgSO
4
+H
2
↑(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H
2
↑)
2Al+3Cl
22AlCl
3
4Al+3O
2===2Al
2
O
3
(常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化,在氧气中燃烧)
4Al(Hg)+3O
2+2xH
2
O===2(Al
2
O
3
.xH
2
O)+4Hg(铝汞齐)
4Al+3MnO
22Al
2
O
3
+3Mn 2Al+Cr
2
O
3
Al
2
O
3
+2Cr (铝热反应)
2Al+Fe
2O
3
Al
2
O
3
+2Fe 2Al+3FeOAl
2
O
3
+3Fe
2Al+6HCl===2AlCl
3+3H
2
↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H
2
↑
2Al+3H
2SO
4
===Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+3H
2
↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H
2
↑
2Al+6H
2SO
4
(浓)===Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+3SO
2
+6H
2
O (Al,Fe在冷,浓的H
2
SO
4
,HNO
3
中钝
化)
Al+4HNO
3(稀)===Al(NO
3
)
3
+NO↑+2H
2
O Al+4H++NO
3
–=Al3++NO↑+2H
2
O
2Al+2NaOH+2H
2O===2NaAlO
2
+3H
2
↑ 2Al+2OH–+2H
2
O=2AlO
2
–+3H
2
↑
2Fe+3Br
2===2FeBr
3
3Fe+2O
2
Fe
3
O
4
2Fe+O
2
2FeO (炼钢过程)
Fe+I
2FeI
2
Fe+SFeS (FeS既能由单质制备,又能由离子制备)
3Fe+4H
2O(g)Fe
3
O
4
+4H
2
↑
Fe+2HCl===FeCl
2+H
2
↑Fe+2H+=Fe2++H
2
↑
Fe+CuCl
2===FeCl
2
+Cu Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++Cu↓
Fe+SnCl
4===FeCl
2
+SnCl
2
(铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单
质锡Fe+SnCl
2==FeCl
2
+Sn↓Fe+Sn2+=Fe2++Sn↓