2011年7月自学词汇学真题及答案

《英语词汇学》自考真题试题及答案解析总分：102分题量：51题一、单选题（共51题，共0分）1.“Woman”becomes“Frau”inGerman,“femme”inFrenchand“fùnǔ”inChinese.Thisexampleshowsthatindifferentlanguagesthesameconceptcanbe representedbydifferent______.A.soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析2.Thefollowingwordsofthebasicwordstockdenotethemostcommonthingsandphe nomenaoftheworldaroundusEXCEPT______.A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析3.Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationan dspelling.WhichofthefollowingwordscomesfromChinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析4.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofthelanguagesofthefollowingE XCEPT______.A.EuropeB.theFarEastC.IndiaD.theNearEast正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析5.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemainsourcesofnewwordsinthepresent-d ayEnglishvocabulary?A.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.B.Social,economicandpoliticalchangesC.Theinvasionofforeigncountries.D.Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages.正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析6.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthefollowingchannelsEXCEPT___ ___.A.creationB.borrowingC.semanticchangeD.lexicalchange正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析7.Howmanymonomorphemicwordsarethereinthefollowingwords?catsbossworkim propertriedA.1B.2C.3D.4正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析8.Amongthefollowingwords,“______”doesNOThaveinflectionalaffixes.A.likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析9.WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOThavesuffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析10.Amongthefollowingwords,“______”containsanegativeprefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析11.Fromtheviewpointofwordformation,theword“smog”isa______.poundB.conversionC.clippingD.blending正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析12.Whichofthefollowingispartiallyconverted?A.AwhiteB.AdrunkC.ThepoorD.Finals正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析13.Onecanfigureoutthemeaningof“airmail”tobe“mailbyair”byits______.A.onomatopoeicmotivationB.morphologicalmotivationC.semanticmotivationD.etymologicalmotivation正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析14.Whenareadercomesacrosstheword“home”inhisreading,thewordmayremindhimofhis“family,friends,warmth,safety,etc.”Inthissense,theword“home”conveys______.A.connotativemeaningB.stylisticmeaningC.affectivemeaningD.collocativemeaning正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Grammaticalmeaningreferstothepartofspeech,tensesofverbsandstylistic featuresofwords.B.Unlikeconceptualmeaning,associativemeaningisunstableandindeterminat e.C.Affectivemeaningindicatesthelistener’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestionD.Collocationcannotaffectthemeaningofwords.正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析16.Wordsthatareidenticalonlyinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaningar ecalled______.A.perfecthomonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析17.ThedifferencesbetweensynonymsexistinthefollowingareasEXCEPT______.A.denotationB.connotationC.referenceD.application正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析18.“Apple,pear,peach,orange,lemon,etc.”makeupthe______of“fruit”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinatetermD.semanticfield正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析19.______ofmeaningisaprocessbywhichawordthatoriginallyhadaspecialized meaninghasnowbecomegeneralized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析20.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheextra-linguisticfactorsthatcausech angesinmeaning?A.Culturalreason.B.HistoricalreasonC.ClassreasonD.Psychologicalreason正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析21.Theword“minister”originallymeant“aservant”,butnowhaschangedto “aheadofaministry”.Thisprocessofmeaningchangeiscalled______.A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析22.Ingrammaticalcontext,themeaningofawordmaybeinfluencedbythe______in whichitoccurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析23.Thereisanambiguityinthesentence“Heisahardbusinessman”dueto______.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD.antonymy正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析24.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthecontextclues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析25.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthecharacteristicsofidioms?A.Thepartofspeechofeachelementinanidiomisveryimportant.B.Theconstituentsofidiomscaneplaced.’tberC.Thewordorderinanidiomcan’tbechanged.D.Anidiomfunctionsasoneword.正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析26.Idiomsnominalinnaturehavea(n)______asthekeywordineachandfunctionas anouninsentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析27.Lexicalmanipulationisoneaspectoftherhetoricalfeaturesofidioms.Thef ollowingEXCEPT______belongtolexicalmanipulation.A.alliterationB.reiterationC.repetitionD.juxtaposition正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析28.OxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionary’,3rdEdition(1980),isamongthebest -knownBritish______dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析29.Generally,adictionarycoversthefollowingcontentsEXCEPT______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntacticalrules正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析30.CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary(1987)hassomeuniquefeatures suchasdefinition,extracolumnand______.A.pronunciationB.grammarcodesageexamplesnguagecodes正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析31.Theprofessorworkedfor7hoursata________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong正确答案：A本题解析：此题考查的是固定词组搭配。

1、___ of the following statements is NOT true.A、Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B、Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C、Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D、Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.2、The idiom “Jack of all trades” results from ___A.additionB.position-shiftingC.dismemberingD.shortening3、___ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A.Free rootsB.Free morphemesC.Bound morphemesD.Meaningful units4、The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ___A.the growth of science and technologyB.economic and political changesC.the influence of other cultures and languagesD.all the above5、Since the beginning of this century, ___ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A.word-formationB.borrowingC.semantic changeD.both B and C6、An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ___.A.semantic unityB.structural stabilityC.rhetorical functionD.none of the above7、Linguistic context is also known as ___ context.A.socialB.verbalC.lexicalD.physical8、Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is, ___A.absolute and relativeB.absolute and completeC.relative and nearplete and identical9、A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ___ morpheme.A.formalB.concreteC.freeD.bound10、Sources of homonyms include ___A.changes in sound and spellingB.borrowingC.shorteningD.all of the above11、The written form of English is a(an) ___ representation of the spoken form.A.selectiveB.adequateC.imperfectD.natural12、After the invading settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ___.A.Old EnglishB.Middle EnglishC.Anglo-SaxonD.Celtic13、Unlike affixes, ___ are often free morphemes.A.suffixesB.prefixesC.inflectional affixesD.roots14、The way to define an antonym is based on ___.A.contradictionB.contrarinessC.oppositenessD.relativeness15、Though still at work today, ___ can hardly compare with what it was in the past.A.word-formationB.borrowingC.derivationD.conversion16、Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as ___.A.inflectional affixesB.derivational affixesC.bound rootsD.free morphemes17、Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ___.A.semantic transferB.semantic pejorationC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing18、A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be ___.A.affixationalB.derivationalC.freeD.bound19、Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ___.A.ad for “advertisement”B.dish for “food”C.fond of “affectionate”D.an editorial of “an editorial article”20、___ of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary.A.The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB.Chamber’s Encyclopedic English DictionaryC.Longman Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD.Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms21、There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are ___.A.primary and secondaryB.central and peripheralC.diachronic and synchronicD.formal and functional22、The term “vocabulary” is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT thatA.it can refer to the common core of a languageB.it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC.it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD.it can stand for words in a given dialect or field23、The idiom “a dark horse” is a ___.A.simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.personification24、The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.polysemyD.antonymy25、New words in a language are also referred to as ______.A.archaismsB.neologismsC.colloquialismsD.Euphemisms26、The word “motel” is created by ______.poundingB.clippingC.blendingD.Suffixation27、By _____ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.A.onomatopoeicB.morphologicalC.semanticD.etymological28、______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in human mind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Motivation29、The idiom “toss and turn” is a(an) _____ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.A.alliterationB.metaphorC.metonymyD.thyme30、Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.A.notionB.soundC.origine frequency31、Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different _____ from what they have now on dictionaries.A.senseB.formsC.dialectsD.terms32、Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B.Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C.Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.D.Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.（p18-19）33、The introduction of _____ at the end of the 6th century had a great i impact on the English vocabularyA. printingB. ChristianityC.French wordsD.all the above34、The words “air” and “heir” are ____________.A.homophonesB.homographsC.full homonymsD.none of the above35、Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A.differentB.artisticC.technica lD.academic36、______ is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A.Old EnglishB.Middle EnglishC.Early Modern Englishte Modern English37、Which of the following statements is true?A.Every word has reference.B.Every word has sense.C.Every word is semantically motivated.D.Every word is conceptually motivated.38、The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of ______.A.meaningB.senseC.conceptD.reference39、Affixes can be grouped according to _____.A.their linguistic originsB.productivityC.ability to change the word –classD.all the above40、The word "accident" used to mean "an occurrence or an event"; now it means "an unplanned or chance event with unfortunate consequences". The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called _____.A.elevationB.degenerationC.extensionD.restriction41、In terms of oppositeness of meaning, _____ is a pair of conversives.A."employed" and "unemployed"B."present" and "absent"C."long" and "short"D."above" and "below"42、Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A.functionalB.notionalC.emptyD.formal43、One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.etymologyageHomonyms are from different sources. A polysemant is from the same source，which has acquired different meaning in the course of development.44、Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A.grammatical meaningB.conceptual meaningC.associative meaningD.arbitrary meaning45、Of the following words, _____ is an initialism.A.UNB.NATOC.BASICD.UNESCO1. (09年真题)（p.8）The pronunciation has changed spelling over the years.A. more slowly thanB. as quickly asC. more rapidly thanD. not so quickly as2. (12年真题)（p.16）There are functional words in the following sentence: It is fun to play with children.A. 3 C.5 D.63. (11年真题)（p.12）Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates示范that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is .A. productivityB. polysemyC. stabilityD. collocability4. (11年真题)(p.23) The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, andA. IndiaB. the Far EastC. the West AsiaD. America5. (12年真题)(p.24) The surviving language fall into eight principal groups. Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian belong to the （）set.A. EasternB.SouthernC. WesternD. Northern6. (11年真题)(p.28) Modern English began with the establishment of （）in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. the Renaissance7. (10年真题-p.37) The word “idealistic” comprises morphemes.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 48. (11年真题-p.38) The smallest functioning unit in the composition of wordsis .A. morphemeB. affixesC. rootD. stem9. (11年真题-p.38) There is/are monomorphemic word(s) in the following words:hot, dog, feet, matches.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 410. (12,10年真题-p.41) The following words have inflectional affixes except .A. happierB. workerC. harderD. taller11. (p.48) Which of the following is a case of suffixation?A. HemisphereB. AttemptC. NATOD. Respondent12. (10年真题-p.66) “TV” is a(n) .A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound13. (09年真题-p.86) The types of meaning include the following except .A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. literal meaning14. (11年真题-p.83) In English there are types of motivation that concerns the relationship between the sign and meaning.A. 2B. 3C.4D. 515. (10年真题-p.84) The word “airmail” is .A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above16. (11年真题-p.120) Red, scarlet, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, ect, make up theB field of “colours”.A. stylisticB. semanticC. ellipticD. syntactic17. (11年真题-p.95) is a common feature peculiar to all natural language.A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy18. (10年真题-p.97) , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning.A. OnomatopoeicallyB. DiachronincallyC. SynchronicallyD. Etymologically19. (11年单选-p.143) People change word-meaning owing to various¬xiahuaxian motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc.A. psychologicalB.socialC. communicative C. lexical20. (11年真题-p.137) When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is accordingly.A. relatedB. narrowedC. createdD. suggested21. (12年真题-p.139) The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called .A. derivationB. deteriorationC. purificationD. pejoration22. (11年真题-p.128) In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as context.A. non-linguisticB. linguisticC. grammaticalD. lexical23. (09年真题-p.155) The sentence “I lost Betty's picture.” is ambiguous due to.A. grammatical contextB. polysemyC. antonymyD. hyponymy24. (12年真题-p.149) Which of the following is not one of the types of context ?A. Linguistic contextB. Non-linguistic contextC. Extra-linguistic contextD. Intra-linguistic context。

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(一)试题课程代码：00794I．语法和词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸相应位置上。

(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1. Everybody wants ______ properly for what they do.A. to payB. being paidC. to be paidD. to be paid for2. I’m sorry______the glass. But I really didn’t see it in my hurry.A. to have brokenB. to breakC. to have been brokenD. to be broken3. A: I don’t have any CD at home.B:______.A. Neither do IB. So do IC. Neither did ID. So did I4. ______ I waved to him again and again did he see me.A. UntilB. TillC. Not untilD. When5. Don’t tell the boss about it, ______ ?A. will youB. won’t youC. do youD. don’t you6. The teacher tried to make her class as enjoyable as possible______ the students would take agreater interest in the subject.A. soB. so thatC. thatD. since7. I found a man following me; ______ I turned around, he was always there.A. howeverB.whateverC. whileD. whenever8. The workers were made ______ like slaves.A. workB. workingC. to workD. for working9. Do you remember ______Tom about this before?A. to tellB. tellingC. to have toldD.tell10. Never______such a beautiful place before.A. did I seeB. had I seeingC. have I seenD.will I see11. I had no time the other day. Otherwise I ______ to visit you.A. would have comeB. would comeC. must have comeD. came12. As ______ matter of fact, there was ______ exploration in ______ last hours I visited.A. a, an, theB. the, an, aC. a, the, theD. the, an, the13. China is larger than ______ in Europe.A. some other countriesB. any other countriesC. any countryD. all countries14. Three days ______ too long for me to wait.A. isB. areC. takesD. take15. The manager ______him with responsibility for running the shop.A. madeB. leftC. toldD. let16. They called ______ the waiter in a loud voice.A. forB. toC. intoD. up17. There is no use _______that I should have worked harder.A. to sayB. to have saidC. having saidD. saying18. ______ to remind him, the church clock struck seven.A. As ifB. Even thoughC. Only ifD. So that19. We’re going to the countryside ______ next week.A. some timeB. sometimesC. sometimeD. some times20. He arranged ______ the letter to arrive on her birthday.A. atB. inC. toD. forI I．阅读理解。

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year.A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes.A. thatB.andC.henceD.as9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.A.going throughB.going in forC.going afterD.going over10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running outII. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. 语法、词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸相应位置上。

(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (15 points)1. ______ common in China even in very remote areas.A. Woman doctors areB. Woman doctor isC. Women doctor isD. Women doctors are2. Let’s discuss this matter ______ a cup of tea.A. overB. withC. atD. on3. The pen I bought yesterday ______.A. writes wellB. is written wellC. can’t be writtenD. can be writing4. At the beginning, this sort of thing was fresh and exciting, and then it fell into ______ and became habitual.A. customB. habitC. methodD. routine5. I’m afraid this shirt is too tight for me. May I have a ______ one?A. largeB. largerC. more largeD. very large6. In the early morning my mother was in the kitchen ______ breakfast for us.A. preparedB. preparingC. having preparedD. to have prepared7. New Zealand ______ the death penalty in 1961.A. erasedB. releasedC. abolishedD. negated8. — Would you and your brother like to play bridge tonight? —I don’t know how to play bridge and ______.A. my brother eitherB. my brother neitherC. neither does my brotherD. neither my brother9. Don’t wave my hand ______; you need it.A. offB. awayC. downD. up10. I’d rather he ______ me the truth.A. toldB. will tellC. had toldD. tells11. He was born ______ a teacher’s family.A. inB. offC. atD. of12. Distance can help us rediscover ourselves, ______ we are able to meet each other in a new way.A. thatB. so as toC. so thatD. in order that13. He ______ gardening and planted a lot of beautiful rose trees in his retirement.A. took overB. took outC. took onD. took to14. A few minutes after the plane had taken off, it developed engine trouble and ______.A. crashedB. dashedC. stoppedD. blushed15. The conference ______ three days by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lastedII.完形填空。

constrain 11 vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束hang in there 坚持一下obscure 8 adj.暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的vt.使暗, 使不明显comment 解释评论comply 6 vi.顺从, 答应, 遵守confirm 6 vt.确定, 批准, 使巩固, 使有效v.确认, (基督教中)给...行按手礼magnify 6 vt.放大, 扩大, 赞美, 夸大, 夸张vi.有放大能力transition 6 n.转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调conform 5 vt.使一致, 使遵守, 使顺从vi.符合, 相似, 适应环境adj.一致的, 顺从的incompatible 5 adj.性质相反的, 矛盾的, 不调和的scrape 5 n.刮, 擦, 擦痕, 刮擦声, 困境vi.刮掉, 擦掉, 刮出刺耳声vt.刮, 擦, 擦伤, transaction 5 n.办理, 处理, 会报, 学报, 交易, 事务, 处理事务transmission 5 n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播trivial 5 adj.琐细的, 价值不高的, 微不足道的ambiguous 4 adj.暧昧的, 不明确的coincide 4 vi.一致, 符合confront 4 vt.使面临, 对抗conspicuous 4 adj.显著的deprive 4 vt.剥夺, 使丧失descend 4 vi.下来, 下降, 遗传(指财产,气质,权利), 突击, 出其不意的拜访v.下去excessive 4 adj.过多的, 过分的, 额外extinctinspire 4 vt.吸(气), 鼓舞, 感动, 激发, 启示, 使生灵感, 产生vi.吸入, 赋予灵感obligation 4 n.义务, 职责, 债务reservation 4 n.保留, (旅馆房间等)预定, 预约subordinate 4 adj.次要的, 从属的, 下级的n.下属v.服从suppress 4 vt.镇压, 抑制, 查禁, 使止住sustain 4 vt.支撑, 撑住, 维持, 持续transformation 4 n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换acknowledge 3 vt.承认, 答谢, 报偿acute 3 adj.敏锐的, [医]急性的, 剧烈appropriate 3 adj.适当的ascribe 3 vt.归因于, 归咎于bewilder 3 vt.使迷惑, 使不知所措, 使昏乱blunder 3 v.跌跌撞撞地走, 犯大错, 做错n.大错, 失误capability 3 n.(实际)能力, 性能, 容量, 接受力claim 3 n.(根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要collide 3 vi.碰撞, 抵触commence 3 v.开始, 着手compete 3 vi.比赛, 竞争compromise 3 n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全confidential 3 adj.秘密的, 机密的confine 3 vt.限制, 禁闭n.界限, 边界consent 3 vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺considerate 3 adj.考虑周到的consistent 3 adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的contrive 3 v.发明, 设计, 图谋convey 3 vt.搬运, 传达, 转让cumulative 3 adj.累积decline 3 vi.下倾, 下降, 下垂v.拒绝, 衰落n.下倾, 下降, 下垂, 斜面, 斜坡, 衰败, 衰落degrade 3 v.(使)降级, (使)堕落, (使)退化deliberately 3 adv.故意地depress 3 vt.使沮丧, 使消沉, 压下, 压低, 使不活泼, 使萧条v.压下display 3 v.张开dominate 3 v.支配, 占优势elicit 3 vt.得出, 引出, 抽出, 引起enhance 3 vt.提高, 增强v.提高eternal 3 adj.永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的, 没完没了的expand 3 vt.使膨胀, 详述, 扩张vi.张开, 发展expire 3 v.期满, 终止, 呼气, 断气, 届满feeble 3 adj.虚弱的, 衰弱的, 无力的, 微弱的, 薄弱的guarantee 3 n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保heave 3 v.举起n.举起homogeneously 3 homogeneous adj.同种的, 同类的, 相似的纯一的, 均质的; 均匀的【数】齐性的, 齐次的identify 3 vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样v.确定impose 3 vt.征税, 强加, 以...欺骗vi.利用, 欺骗, 施影响impulse 3 n.推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力vt.推动inaccessible 3 adj.达不到的, 难以接近incredible 3 adj.<口>难以置信的ingenious 3 adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能inspiration 3 n.灵感intervene 3 vi.干涉, 干预, 插入, 介入, (指时间)介于其间v.干涉intrinsic 3 adj.(指价值、性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的maintain 3 vt.维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张penalty 3 n.处罚, 罚款persistent 3 adj.持久稳固的preclude 3 n.排除presentation 3 n.介绍, 陈述, 赠送, 表达 presumably 3 adv.推测起来, 大概pretext 3 n.借口, 托辞v.借口prolong 3 vt.延长, 拖延recreation 3 n.消遣, 娱乐rectify 3 vt.矫正, 调整, [化]精馏remedy 3 n.药物, 治疗法, 补救, 赔偿vt.治疗, 补救, 矫正, 修缮, 修补renew 3 vt.使更新, 使恢复, 重申, 补充, 续借, 复兴vi.更新, 重新开始scratch 3 n.乱写, 刮擦声, 抓痕, 擦伤vt.乱涂, 勾抹掉, 擦, 刮, 搔, 抓, 挖出vi.发刮擦声, 搔, 抓adj.打草稿用的, 凑合的sensitive 3 adj.敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光simultaneously 3 adv.同时地spontaneously 3 adv.自然地, 本能地superiority 3 superior 优越的；较上的+ -ity 名词后缀n 优势，优越性surplus 3 n.剩余, 过剩, [会计]盈余adj.过剩的, 剩余的vt.转让, 卖掉suspicious 3 adj.(～of) 可疑的, 怀疑的temperament 3 n.气质, 性情, 易激动, 急躁transfer 3 n.迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, 转帐, 过户, 转让vt.转移, 调转, 调任, 传递, 转让, 改变vi.转移, 转学, 换车versatile 3 adj.通用的, 万能的, 多才多艺的, 多面手的vulnerable 3 adj.易受攻击的, 易受...的攻击abnormal 2 adj.反常的, 变态的abolish 2 vt.废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等) absorb 2 vt.吸收, 吸引absurd 2 adj.荒谬的, 可笑的accommodation 2 n.住处, 膳宿, (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节, (社会集团间的)迁就融合acquaint 2 vt.使熟知, 通知adhere 2 vi.粘附, 胶着, 坚持v.坚持admiration 2 n.钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕advocate 2 n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹aggressive 2 adj.好斗的, 敢作敢为的, 有闯劲的, 侵略性的allowance 2 n.津贴, 补助, 宽容, 允许vt.定量供应alternative 2 n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的ambitious 2 adj.有雄心的, 野心勃勃的appreciation 2 n.感谢, 感激, 正确评价, 欣赏, 增值ascend 2 v.攀登, 上升assemble 2 vt.集合, 聚集, 装配vi.集合assurance 2 n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保attribute 2 n.属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于budget 2 n.预算vi.做预算, 编入预算capacity 2 n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力, 地位charge 2 n.负荷, 电荷, 费用, 主管, 掌管, 充电, 充气, 装料v.装满, 控诉, 责令, 告诫, 指示, 加罪于, 冲锋, 收费coincidence 2 n.一致, 相合, 同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事commission 2 n.委任, 委托, 代办(权), 代理(权), 犯(罪), 佣金vt.委任, 任命, 委托, 委托制作, 使服役compel 2 vt.强迫, 迫使compensate 2 v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬compensation 2 n.补偿, 赔偿competitive 2 adj.竞争的compliment 2 n.称赞, 恭维, 致意, 问候, 道贺vt.称赞, 褒扬, 恭维comprehension 2 n.理解, 包含comprehensive 2 adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的conceive 2 vt.构思, 以为, 持有vi.怀孕, 考虑, 设想conduct 2 n.行为, 操行v.引导, 管理, 为人, 传导confinement 2 n.(被)限制, (被)禁闭, 产期, 分娩conflict 2 n.斗争, 冲突vi.抵触, 冲突conscientious 2 adj.尽责的conservation 2 n.保存, 保持, 守恒conserve 2 vt.保存, 保藏consolidate 2 v.巩固consult 2 v.商量, 商议, 请教, 参考, 考虑contamination 2 n.玷污, 污染, 污染物contemplate 2 v.凝视, 沉思, 预期, 企图contest 2 n.论争, 竞赛v.,争论, 争辩, 竞赛, 争夺converge 2 v.聚合, 集中于一点vt.会聚convince 2 vt.使确信, 使信服crash 2 n.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声v.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, (指商业公司, 政府等)破产, 垮台crude 2 adj.天然的, 未加工的, 粗糙的, 拙劣的, 粗鲁的n.天然的物质decent 2 adj.正派的, 端庄的, 有分寸的, (服装)得体的, 大方的adj.<口>相当好的、象样的decorate 2 v.装饰, 为...做室内装修decrease 2 n.减少, 减少之量v.减少dedicate 2 vt.献(身), 致力, 题献(一部著作给某人)defy 2 vt.不服从, 公然反抗, 藐视, 挑衅, 违抗, 使...难于n.挑战deliberate 2 adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的, 预有准备的v.商讨delicate 2 adj.精巧的, 精致的, 病弱的, 脆弱的, 微妙的, 棘手的, 灵敏的, 精密的demanding 2 adj.过分要求的, 苛求的demonstration 2 n.示范, 实证denial 2 n.否认, 否定, 谢绝, 拒绝destruction 2 n.破坏, 毁灭deteriorate 2 v.(使)恶化deviation 2 n.背离dilemma 2 n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择diminish 2 v.(使)减少, (使)变小discrimination 2 n.辨别, 区别, 识别力, 辨别力, 歧视disperse 2 v.(使)分散, (使)散开, 疏散distinction 2 n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫distort 2 vt.弄歪(嘴脸等), 扭曲, 歪曲(真理、事实等), 误报distract 2 v.转移divert 2 v.转移, 转向, 使高兴drive 2 n.驾车, 驱动器, 快车道, 推进力, 驱使, 动力, 干劲, 击球vt.开车, 驱赶, 推动、发动(机器等), 驾驶(马车,汽车等)vi.开车, 猛击, 飞跑n.[计]驱动器economy 2 n.经济, 节约, 节约措施, 经济实惠, 系统, 机体, 经济制度的状况embarrass 2 vt.使困窘, 使局促不安, 阻碍, 麻烦enforce 2 vt.强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强engagement 2 n.约会, 婚约, 诺言, 交战, 接站, 雇拥, [机]接合disengagement n. 解开, 脱离解约; 解雇闲暇, 自由enroll 2 v.[亦作enrol] 登记, 招收, 使入伍(或入会、入学等), 参加, 成为成员ensure 2 vt.保证, 担保, 使安全, 保证得到v.确保, 确保, 保证estimate 2 v.估计, 估价, 评估n.估计, 估价, 评估uation 2 n.估价, 评价, 赋值evoke 2 vt.唤起, 引起, 博得exaggerate 2 v.夸大, 夸张excite 2 vt.刺激, 使兴奋, 使激动vi.<口>兴奋, 激动exclude 2 vt.拒绝接纳, 把...排除在外, 排斥exclusive 2 adj.排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的, 独占的, 唯一的, 高级的exhibit 2 vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品, 陈列品, 展品v.展示explore 2 v.探险, 探测, 探究extend 2 v.扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大[军]使疏开, 给予, 提供, 演化出的全文,fabricate 2 vt.制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造, 虚构fake 2 n.假货, 欺骗adj.假的vt.伪造, 赝造, 捏造, 假造, 仿造vi.伪装fatal 2 adj.致命的, 重大的, 命运注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毁灭性的feasible 2 adj.可行的, 切实可行的fire 2force 2furnish 2 vt.供应, 提供, 装备, 布置v.供给generate 2 vt.产生, 发生gloomy 2 adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的grade 2 n.等级, 级别vt.评分, 评级v.分等级grant 2 vt.同意, 准予, 承认(某事为真)～guilt 2 n.罪行, 内疚hamper 2 v.妨碍, 牵制hoist 2 n.提升间, 升起hostile 2 adj.敌对的, 敌方的n.敌对humble 2 adj.卑下的, 微贱的, 谦逊的, 粗陋的vt.使...卑下, 挫, 贬抑identical 2 adj.同一的, 同样的identification 2 n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明, 视为同一ignite 2 v.点火, 点燃immerse 2 vt.沉浸, 使陷入impart 2 vt.给予(尤指抽象事物), 传授, 告知, 透露inadequate 2 adj.不充分的, 不适当的increase 2 n.增加, 增大, 增长vt.增加, 加大vi.增加, 繁殖increasingly 2 adv.日益, 愈加indignant 2 adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的inevitable 2 adj.不可避免的, 必然的inevitably 2 adv.不可避免infectious 2 adj.有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的inferior 2 adj.下等的, 下级的, 差的, 次的, 自卑的, 劣等的inform 2 v.(～of/about) 通知, 告诉, 获悉, 告知inherent 2 adj.固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的insight 2 n.洞察力, 见识instantaneous 2 adj.瞬间的, 即刻的, 即时的intensify 2 vt.加强vi.强化interpretation 2 n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译intimidate 2 v.胁迫intricate 2 adj.复杂的, 错综的, 难以理解的intuition 2 n.直觉, 直觉的知识invalid 2 n.病人, 残废者adj.有病的, 残废的irritate 2 vt.激怒, 使急躁v.刺激legislation 2 n.立法, 法律的制定(或通过) lessen 2 v.减少, 减轻literal 2 adj.文字的, 照字面上的, 无夸张的luxury 2 n.奢侈, 华贵manifestation 2 n.显示, 表现, 示威运动manipulate 2 vt.(熟练地)操作, 使用(机器等), 操纵(人或市价、市场), 利用, 应付, 假造vt.(熟练地)操作,巧妙地处理massive 2 adj.厚重的, 大块的, 魁伟的, 结实的mingle 2 v.(使)混合minimize 2 vt.将...减到最少v.最小化minor 2 n.未成年人, 副修科目adj.较小的, 次要的, 二流的, 未成年的vi.辅修n.[乐]小调, 小音阶mistake 2monitor 2 n.班长, 监听器, 监视器, 监控器vt.监控v.监控multiply 2 v.繁殖, 乘, 增加nasty 2 adj.污秽的, 肮脏的, 令人厌恶的, 淫秽的, 下流的, 凶相的, 威胁的notorious 2 adj.声名狼籍的objective 2 n.目标, 目的, (显微镜的)(接)物镜, [语法]宾格adj.客观的, [语法]宾格的oblige 2 vt.迫使, 责成observation 2 n.观察, 观测, 观察资料(或报告)offensive 2 adj.讨厌的, 无礼的, 攻击性的n.进攻, 攻势option 2 n.选项, 选择权, [经]买卖的特权order 2 n.次序, 顺序, 正常(工作)状态, 秩序, 会议规则, 命令, 定购, 定单vt.命令, 定购, 定制original 2 adj.最初的, 原始的, 独创的, 新颖的n.原物, 原作originate 2 vt.引起, 发明, 发起, 创办vi.起源, 发生overwhelmed 2 vt.淹没, 覆没, 受打击, 制服, 压倒overwhelming 2 adj.压倒性的, 无法抵抗的payment 2 n.付款, 支付, 报酬, 偿还, 报应, 惩罚permanent 2 adj.永久的, 持久的permeate 2 vt.弥漫, 渗透, 透过, 充满vi.透入perpetual 2 adj.永久的persistence 2 n.坚持, 持续plunge 2 n.跳进, 投入vi.投入, 跳进, 陷入vt.使投入, 使插入, 使陷入potential 2 adj.潜在的, 可能的, 势的, 位的n.潜能, 潜力, 电压precious 2 adj.宝贵的, 贵重的, 珍爱的, 过于精致的, 珍爱的preliminary 2 adj.预备的, 初步的premise 2 n.[逻][法]前提, (企业, 机构等使用的)房屋连地基vt.提论, 预述, 假定vi.作出前提prescription 2 n.指示, 规定, 命令, 处方, 药方prestige 2 n.声望, 威望, 威信prent 2 adj.普遍的, 流行的primitive 2 adj.原始的, 远古的, 粗糙的, 简单的priority 2 n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权profound 2 adj.深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的prominent 2 adj.卓越的, 显著的, 突出的puzzle 2 n.难题, 谜v.(使)迷惑, (使)为难, 迷惑不解reckon 2 vt.计算, 总计, 估计, 猜想vi.数, 计算, 估计, 依赖, 料想reclaim 2 vt.要求归还, 收回, 开垦recognize 2 vt.认可, 承认, 公认, 赏识vi.具结reconcile 2 vt.使和解, 使和谐, 使顺从reflection 2 n.反射, 映象, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映refute 2 vt.驳倒, 反驳repel 2 vt.击退, 抵制, 使厌恶, 使不愉快 reproduction 2 n.繁殖, 再现, 复制reputation 2 n.名誉, 名声resort 2 vi.求助, 诉诸, 采取(某种手段等), 常去n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地respectable 2 adj.可敬的, 有名望的, 高尚的, 值得尊敬的respectful 2 adj.恭敬的, 尊敬的, 尊重人的, 有礼貌的response 2 n.回答, 响应, 反应restrain 2 vt.抑制, 制止retain 2 vt.保持, 保留revelation 2 n.显示, 揭露, 被揭露的事, 新发现, 启示, 揭示revenge 2 n.报仇, 复仇vt.替...报仇, 复仇rigorous 2 adj.严格的, 严厉的, 严酷的, 严峻的scan 2 v.细看,审视,浏览,扫描n.扫描sequence 2 n.次序, 顺序, 序shear 2 v.剪, 修剪, 剪切sheer 2 adj.全然的, 纯粹的, 绝对的, 彻底的, 透明的, 峻峭的vi.避开, 躲避, 偏航vt.使避开, 使偏航adv.完全, 全然, 峻峭n.偏航shield 2 n.防护物, 护罩, 盾, 盾状物vt.(from) 保护, 防护v.遮蔽shortage 2 n.不足, 缺乏sincerely 2 adv.真诚地skeptical 2 adj.怀疑性的,好怀疑的,<口>无神论的smash 2 v.打碎, 粉碎n.打碎, 粉碎adj.出色的sophisticated 2 adj.诡辩的, 久经世故的specific 2 n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的specification 2 n.详述, 规格, 说明书, 规范speculate 2 vi.推测, 思索, 做投机买卖standardize 2 vt.使符合标准, 使标准化 stationary 2 固定的strengthen 2 v.加强, 巩固string 2 n.线, 细绳, 一串, 一行v.排成一列submit 2 v.(使)服从, (使)顺从vt.提交, 递交subsidiary 2 adj.辅助的, 补充的sufficient 2 adj.充分的, 足够的superficial 2 adj.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的tedious 2 adj.单调乏味的, 沉闷的, 冗长乏味的tempt 2 vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引, 使感兴趣, 考验, 试探terminate 2 v.停止, 结束, 终止texture 2 n.(织品的)质地, (木材, 岩石等的)纹理, (皮肤)肌理, (文艺作品)结构threshold 2 n.开始, 开端, 极限toss 2 v.投, 掷total 2 n.总数, 合计adj.总的, 全部的, 整个的v.合计, 总数达, 达到tow 2 n.拖, 拖曳所用之绳, 麻的粗纤维vt.拖, 曳, 牵引vi.拖行, 被拖带transform 2 vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形vi.改变, 转化, 变换n.[数]变换(式), [语]转换tumble 2 n.跌倒, 摔跤, 翻斤斗vi.翻倒, 摔倒, 倒塌, 滚动, 翻筋斗, 仓惶地行动vt.使摔倒, 使滚翻, 弄乱turbulent 2 adj.狂暴的, 吵闹的uniform 2 adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的, 始终如一的, 均衡的n.制服vt.使成一样, 使穿制服uniquely 2 adv.独特地,唯一地,珍奇地validity 2 n.有效性, 合法性, 正确性vigorous 2 adj.精力旺盛的, 有力的, 健壮的virtually 2 adv.事实上, 实质上vivid 2 adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 大胆的, 清晰的, 活泼的, 逼真的void 2 n.空间, 空旷, 空虚, 怅惘adj.空的, 无人的, 空闲的, 无效的, 无用的, 没有的vulgar 2 adj.粗俗的, 庸俗的, 普通的, 通俗的, 本土的n.<古>平民, 百姓warrant 2 n.授权, 正当理由, 根据, 证明, 凭证, 委任状, 批准, 许可证vt.保证, 辩解, 担保, 批准, 使有正当理由。

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪个词属于多义词？A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 书2. 词汇的最小单位是：A. 词B. 语素C. 词组D. 句子3. 词汇的同义关系指的是：A. 词与词之间意义相同或相近B. 词与词之间意义相反C. 词与词之间意义无关D. 词与词之间意义有联系但不相同4. “绿色”一词在“绿色食品”中属于：A. 颜色词B. 形容词C. 抽象名词D. 专有名词5. “网络”一词在现代汉语中属于：A. 古汉语词汇B. 外来词C. 新词D. 专业术语6. 下列哪个词属于反义词？A. 快-慢B. 男-女C. 长-短D. 老-少7. 词汇的构成方式不包括：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译8. “美丽”一词的词性是：A. 名词B. 动词C. 形容词D. 副词9. “电脑”一词的构词方式是：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译10. 下列哪个词属于外来词？A. 电视B. 电话C. 网络D. 汽车二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 词汇学是研究语言中________的学科。

12. 词义的演变通常包括词义的________、________和________。

13. 词义的________是指词义在特定语境下临时改变的现象。

14. 词汇的________是指词义的扩大，能够涵盖更多的事物或现象。

15. 词汇的________是指词义的缩小，只能指特定的事物或现象。

三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）16. 简述词汇的构成方式有哪些？17. 简述词义演变的类型。

四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述词汇学在语言教学中的重要性。

19. 论述词汇的同义关系和反义关系在语言表达中的作用。

五、案例分析题（共40分）20. 请分析“手机”一词的词义演变过程，并讨论其对现代汉语词汇发展的影响。

（20分）21. 以“环保”为例，分析词汇的派生构成方式及其在现代社会中的应用。

2011年7月自考真题综合英语1课程代码：00795Ⅰ.语法、词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填入答题纸相应位置。

（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(25 points)1. Nowadays some mothers still play ______ big part in the lives of their grown-upchildren.A. /B. aC. theD. an2. It’s much braver to ask questions than to suppress your questions and become deadened _______the world around you.A. ofB. inC. onD. to3. The decorator suggested that he ______ up a screen on the window to let in fresh air and keep out flies.A. fixB. fixedC. fixesD. fixing4. Since she was trapped in a lift for about two hours a year ago she ______ to get back into one.A. doesn’t dareB. didn’t dareC. has n’t daredD. hadn’t dared5. He has been sitting at the table for several hours, _______ considerably more wine than is good for his health.A. drinksB. drankC. drinkingD. to drink6. “Shall I turn on the television for you?”“No, thanks. I’d rather not______ television tonight.”A. watchB. to watchC. watchingD. for watching7. The eldest son ______ an outsider when he talks about providing for his old and sick parents.A. seemsB. looks likeC. sounds likeD. appears8. It is estimated that the price of a personal computer ______ by an average of 25% a year since 1990.A. fellB. had fallenC. is fallingD. has fallen第 1 页9. On a quiet weekend one ______ by the noise of the home interior decoration of one’s neighbours.A. annoysB. is annoyedC. annoyedD. annoying10. If you had listened to me, you ______ in such great trouble now.A. wouldn’t beB. would not have beenC. won’t beD. won’t have been11. Peter planned to convert his house into three flats, ______ two bedrooms, aliving-room, a kitchen and a bathroom.A. every one consisted ofB. all consisting inC. each consisting ofD. one consisted in12. ______ been so many people on a diet as today.A. More than ever before have thereB. In the past there have neverC. Never before there haveD. Formerly there had never13. In the operation two armed robbers were killed and ______ were captured.A. restB. othersC. the restD. the other14. The director was told that he had finally got the ______ to film Moment in Peking.A. promiseB. offerC. agreementD. permission15. We had a marvelous holiday; only the last two days were slightly ______ by the bad weather.A. damagedB. spoiledC. ruinedD. wasted16. I kept the little girl ______ till her parents returned home.A. the companyB. the companionC. companyD. companion17. Typing all in capital letters is generally considered as impolite, because it ______ shouting.A. equals toB. equatesC. is equalD. is equivalent to18. Cathy doesn’t care about what she eats, but she is very ______ about what she wears.A. particularB. caringC. carelessD. demanding19. His offer took me completely ______.A. with surpriseB. of surprise第 2 页C. by surpriseD. to surprise20. Students of the Foreign Languages Department should ______ themselves with international affairs.A. be concernedB. concernC. get involvedD. involve21. We are going to the pier to see a friend ______. He is sailing for Europe.A. ofB. offC. awayD. out22. Shoppers have a great _______ toward impulsive buying.A. temptationB. attractionC. desireD. tendency23. In many ______, parents might unintentionally wrong their children.A. examplesB. occasionsC. casesD. ways24. The art exhibition was well designed ______ the disarrangement of a few pieces of photos.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for25. I am afraid your paper is not closely related ______ the topic given.A. toB. ofC. withD. aboutⅡ.完形填空。

词汇学语言考试题及答案1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的哪一方面？A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词汇学中，词根是指什么？A. 词的最小意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A3. 词汇学研究中，词缀的作用是什么？A. 改变词义B. 改变词性C. 改变词形D. 以上都是答案：D4. 以下哪个词不是复合词？A. 黑板B. 电脑C. 老师D. 飞机答案：C5. 词汇学中，同义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：B6. 词汇学中，反义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：C7. 词汇学研究中，词义的演变叫做什么？A. 词义变化B. 词义发展C. 词义演变D. 词义扩展答案：C8. 词汇学中，词义的缩小指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：A9. 词汇学研究中，词义的扩大指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：C10. 词汇学中，词义的转移指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义从一个领域转移到另一个领域D. 词义保持不变答案：C。

18.A.ThenB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Consequently解：B[解析]本题主要考查上下⽂的关系, 要注意however 是表⽰转折关系的词，therefore表⽰因果关系，⽽consequently也表⽰结果。

19.A.SinceB.BeforeC.AfterD.While解：C[解析]本⽂主要考查连词20.A.initiatedB.inventedC.createdD.discovered解：D[解析]本⽂主要考查词义辨析，重点是：invent 和discover 的区别。

Invent表⽰发明以前没有的东西，⽽discover 是指发现以前就存在的东西。

三、阅读理解Passage 1Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history. An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (特性) of time and space and so on — but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War.Einstein hated violence. The misery of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.In the years following the First World War, honors were increasingly heaped on him. He became the head of the Kaiser Whilhem Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize for Physics, and he was highly honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹主义) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.21.The first paragraph is mainly about _____.A.a new outlook of the universeB.the feelings of an American college presidentC.the change in human thought caused by EinsteinD.the difficulty in teaching Einstein's theory解：C[解析]本题是主旨题第⼀段的主题句是第⼀句“Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history”表明爱因斯坦对科学和历史都有极⼤的影响，⽽第⼆句说明了爱因斯坦使⼈们对世界观，对宇宙有了⼀个新的认识。

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（一）试卷I. Vocabulary and Structure （10 points, 1 point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1 .You have to pass the test _you can get the driving license.A.ifB .asC.whileD .before2 .As you can see from the table, when the demand for steel rises, _.A. so do pricesB .so prices doC .neither do pricesD.neither prices do3.All students must have access to quality education without regard wealth or class.A.forB .ofC.inD.to4 .Progress so far has been very good, and we are confident that the project on time.A. will completeB.has completedC .will be completedD.has been completed5 .The room is still in a mess;it thoroughly cleaned.A. can't have beenB .mustn't have beenC .wouldn't have beenD.shouldn't have been6 .By the time the rescuers. got back to the camp, they had nearly of water.A. put outB.run outC.gone shortD.cut short7 .The new bridge should reduce time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes.A. trippingB .touringC .travelingD.journeying8.Paula a special mention for all the help she has given us.A. observesB.deservesC.preservesD.reserves9 .The details of the reforms are to be released next month.A. timelyB .randomlyC .officiallyD.purposely10.Make a list of what you need to bring so that you don't anything.A. failB.dismissC.overseeD.overlookII .Cloze Test （10 points, 1 point each）下面的短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

202X年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学卷子课程代码0832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology ( )A. Penicillin.B. Algebra.C. Symphony.D. Knife.2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.〞, there are ________ functional words. ( )A.2B.3C.4D.53. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. tahiniD. Watergate5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )A. PrussianB. Indo-EuropeanC. CzechD. Russian6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set. ( )A. EasternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________. ( )A./z/B./g/C./d/D./b/8. The word “recollection〞comprises ________ morphemes. ( )A.1B.2C.3D.49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked10. “Dis-〞in the word “disloyal〞is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative11. The word “AIDS〞is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The word “smog〞is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence〞is ________. ( )A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( )A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative15. “Pavement〞in British English and “sidewalk〞in American English have the same ________.( ) A. motivation B. collocationC. senseD. connotation16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemy17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay〞is ________. ( )A. joyous and lively, merry, happyB. homosexualC. given to social life and pleasureD. bright, brilliant18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear〞EXCEPT ________. ( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguous19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )A. influx of borrowingB. analogyC. psychological factorsD. shortening20. A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript〞, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor〞, but its original meaning was “handwriting〞only.( )A. degradationB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension21. In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.〞, the word “dangerous〞is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. The sentence “They saw her duck.〞is ambiguous due to ________. ( )A. grammatical contextB. lexical contextC. antonymyD. hyponymy23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )A. linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. syntactical contextD. extra-linguistic context24. In the sentence “The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.〞The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( )A. relevant detailsB. word structureC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. The idiom “hustle and bustle〞is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. ( )A. simileB. repetitionC. reiterationD. personification26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( )A. declarative sentenceB. interrogative sentenceC. imperative sentenceD. simple sentence27. “Beyond the pale〞is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionariesB. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionariesC. specialized dictionariesD. Chinese and English dictionaries29. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary. ( )A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( )A. literal meanings of the wordsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. slight differences between words of similar meaningsII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%)A B( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning “brief〞or “short〞( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain( ) 33. borrowing C. squeak/hiss( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E. charm/glamour( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration( ) 39. regional English I. This teaching assistant is an efficient help. ( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J. cloud/yellowIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.48. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. bound root52. prefixation53. pejoration34. homophone55. grammatical contextV. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)56. What are the types of morphemes57. What is conceptual meaning of a word Give an example to illustrate your point.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.59. What is semantic unity of idioms Explain it with one example.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: “red meat/hot dog〞Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals〞61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.。

词汇学试题答案一、选择题1. 词汇学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的词义变化C. 语言的句法结构D. 语言的词汇组成及其变化答案：D2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的范畴？A. 新词的产生B. 词义的演变C. 语言的修辞手法D. 词汇的借用答案：C3. “同义词”和“反义词”在词汇学中的关系是：A. 同义关系B. 对立关系C. 互补关系D. 包含关系答案：B4. 在汉语中，“苹果”和“iPhone”这两个词之间的关系最接近于：A. 一般与特殊B. 全体与部分C. 具体与抽象D. 同义与异义答案：A5. 词汇的多义性是指：A. 一个词只有一个含义B. 一个词有两个或以上的含义C. 一个词的含义随着语境变化D. 一个词的含义完全由字典定义答案：B二、填空题1. 词汇学的研究可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握________的构成及其发展变化。

答案：语言2. 在词汇学中，________是指一个词汇在不同语境中可以表达不同的含义。

答案：词义的多样性3. 词汇的________是指词汇在语言发展过程中的增加、减少或形式的变化。

答案：演变4. “书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”这句话中的“书山”和“学海”是________的运用。

答案：比喻5. 一个词的不同含义之间存在着某种联系，这种联系称为词义的________。

答案：关联三、简答题1. 请简述词汇学在语言学习和教学中的作用。

词汇学为语言学习者提供了一个系统的理论框架，帮助他们理解词汇的构成、词义的变化以及词汇在语境中的使用。

在教学中，教师可以利用词汇学的研究成果，设计更加有效的教学方法，如通过词根词缀的学习来扩展词汇量，或者通过词义的辨析来提高学生的语言理解能力。

此外，词汇学还可以帮助教师识别和解释学习者在词汇使用中可能出现的错误，从而更好地指导学习。

2. 举例说明词汇的借用现象。

词汇的借用是指一种语言从另一种语言中引入词汇，这些词汇可能是完全借用，也可能是经过一定程度的改造。

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30 %)1. Grammarians insist that a word be a __________ form that can function in a sentence. ( D )1.1-6A. smallB. largeC. fixedD. free2. In the earliest stage of English, the written form of a word should ________ that of the oral form. ( A )1.3-8A. agree withB. disagree withC. be the same asD. be different from3. ____________consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine, mathematics, etc. ( A )1.5.1-13A. TerminologyB. JargonC. SlangD. Argot4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT_________. ( C )2.3-30A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. Mao jacketsD. Watergate5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, “loan”, which was prevalent in the thirteenth century, was replaced by “ __________ ” in American English.( D )2.4-32A. ownB. letC. rentD. lend6. If we say that Old English was a language of __________ endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings. ( A )2.2.2-28A. fullB. shortC. longD. paralleled7. The plural morpheme“-s” is pronounced as /z/ in the following words EXCEPT ______________. ( D )3.2-38A. bottlesB. eggsC. zoosD. maps8. There is/are _____________ free morphemic word(s) in the following words: wind, man, reddish, collection. ( B )3.3.1-39A. lB. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____________. ( B )3.3.2-41A. likesB. dislikeC. likingD. liked10. The most productive means of word-formation are the following EXCEPT _______________.( B )4-45A. affixationB. blendingC. compoundingD. conversion11. Prefixes generally do not change the __________ of the stem.( C )4.1.1-46A. meaningB. formC. word classD. pronunciation12. The word “dorm” is formed by _________clipping. ( A )4.5-65A. backB. frontC. phraseD. front and back13. The word “reading-lamp” is _______ motivated. ( B )5.2.2-84A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically14. The syno nymous pair of “ask－question” has the same___________. ( D )5.1.2-83A. motivationB. valueC. functionD. concept15. In the sentence “East or west, home is best”, “home” has its __________ meaning of “family, safety, love”, etc. ( B )5.3.2-88A. grammaticalB. connotativeC. stylisticD. collocative16. Semantically, a word which is related to other words is related to them in____________.( A )6-95A. senseB. spellingC. morphemeD. root and stem17. _____________, the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison.( A )6.1.1-97A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoeically18. The antonyms used in the proverb “Speech is silver; silence is golden” are ____________.( A )6-131A. speech-silenceB. golden-silverC. speech-silverD. silence-golden19. In Shakespearean line ‘Rats and mice and such small ‘deer’,‘deer’obviously designates ‘anima’ in general. Therefore ‘deer’ is a typical example of _________. ( C )7.1.2-137A. extensionB. elevationC. narrowingD. degradation20. Observation shows that it is much more common for word meanings to change in denotation from neutral to ____________ than it is for them to go the other way. ( D )7.1.4-139A. importantB. agreeableC. respectiveD. pejorative21. Among the following words only“________ ” expresses the property of elevation. ( C )7.1.3-138A. lustB. criticizeC. knightD. silly22. Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of context? ( C )8.2-154A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication for referents.C. Understanding of cultural background.D. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.23. Which of the following is NOT a context clue? ( D )8.2.3-157A. Definition.B. Example.C. Synonymy.D. Sentence structure.24. The sentence “The ball was attractive” is ambiguous dueto_______________. ( C )8.2.1-155A. grammatical structureB. lexical contextC. homonymyD. polysemy25. Which of the following is one of the characteristics of idioms? ( A )9.1-162A. Semantic unity.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Phonetic unity.D. Structural variation.26. Which of the following is NOT one of the rhetoric characteristics of idioms in general?( B )9.3.2-169A. Stylistic features.B. Syntactical features.C. Rhetorical features.D. Occasional variations.27. The idiom “bed of dust” is a ___________ as far as figures of speech are concerned.( B )9.3.2-175A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification28. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary is a(n) _____________ dictionary.( B )10.1.3-187A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic29. When we choose a dictionary, we should not pay attention to whether it is _____________.( D )10.2.1-188A. monolingual or bilingualB. general or specializedC. early or lateD. unabridged or abridged30. Readers will usually find in a general dictionary the following areas of information of a word EXCEPT _______________ . ( D )10.2.2-191A. spellingB. definitionC. pronunciationD. difference with its synonymsII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. ( 15% )31. The jargon of criminals is generally referred as ___argot__________.1.5.1-1532. From the historical overview of the English vocabulary, the language spoken from 1150 to 1500 is called ___Middle__________ English. 2.2.2-2633. The morpheme is the smallest ____functioning___unit in the composition of words. 3.1-3834. The formation of new words by joining two or more stems is called __compounding____. 4.2-5135. Unlike conceptual meaning, ____associative______________ meaning is open-ended and indeterminate. 5.3.2-8736. From the ___diachronic___ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word. 6.1.1-9637. Changing in word _____meaning_________ has never ceased since the language came into being and will continue in the future. 7-13538. Based on the ______lexical________________ context, we can determine the meaning of “do the flowers” as “ arrange the flowers”. 8.1.2-15239. The stylistic features of idioms are ____colloquialisms____, slang and literary expressions. 9.3.1-17140. The user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English are its clear grammar codes, _____usage______ and language notes.10.3.1-197III. Define the following terms. ( 15% )41. free morphemes 3.3.1-39答案：Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.42. allomorphs 3.2-38答案：Some morphemes, however, are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs .43. affixation 4.1-46答案：Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.44. polysemy 6.1-95答案：Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages. This is particularly true of highly developed languages like English.45. linguistic context 8.1-149答案：Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context,which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book.IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.Write youranswers in the space given below. ( 20% )46. What is the difference between root and stem? 3.4-42答案：A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of identity. A stem may consist of a single root morpheme as in iron or of two root morphemes as in a compound like handcuff. It can be a root morpheme plus one or more affixational morphemes.47. What is collocative m eaning of a word? Please take “pretty” and “handsome” as an example to illustrate your point. 5.3.2-91答案：Collocative meaning is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. The synonyms of pretty and handsome offer good illustration. These two words share the conceptual meaning of ‘good-looking’, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with.48. By the criterion of grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into five groups. Name the five groups and match the following expressions with them as their examples respectively. 9.2-165“white elephant” “look into” “beyond the pale”“tooth and nail” “Never do things by halves. ”答案：Idioms Nominal in Nature. eg: white elephantIdioms Adjectival in Nature. eg:beyond the paleIdioms Verbal in Nature.eg: look intoIdioms Adverbial in Nature. eg:tooth and nailSentence Idioms. eg:Never do things by halves.49. What contextual clues do you often use to help you in guessing the meanings of new words?Demonstrate these clues with examples. 8.2.3-157答案：Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows：(1) Definition . Often we find that the author gives formal definition immediately after the new term, e.g.Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird- whistell.(2) Explanation.If the concept is complicated and must involve technical terms in its definition, the author might explain the idea in simple words. That is, he might make a restatement in known words e.g.It's just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors—those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as ‘silicon chips，.(3) Example. In some cases, instead of giving a formal definition or explanation, the author may cite an example which is sufficient to throw light on the meaning of the term, e.g.Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Ms. Mary, for example, speaks five languages.V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. ( 20% )50. Analyze and comment on the following TWO sentences to illustrate the differences between blending and clipping.The program will be telecast simultaneously to nearly 150 cities.It sounds much better in stereo. 4.4-4.5(63-64)答案：Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. In the first sentence, the word telecast is a blend, which comes from television+ broadcast.The way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead .This is called clipping. stereo (stereophonic) in the second sentence is made by back clipping.51. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.A: “Why is Sunday the strongest day?”B: “Because all the others are week days. ”6.2.4-102答案：As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humour, sarcasm or ridicule.Week days means days from Monday to Friday. And week and weak are homophones which identical only in sound but different in spelling andmeaning. The answer use week’s homophone weak be cause it is the antonym of strong.。

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604全部题目用英文作答，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. All of Charles Dickens’ works, with the exception of _________, present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.A. Bleak HouseB. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities2. From ____________ on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the moden is brought to the center of the stage.A. The Return of the NativeB. The Mayor of CasterbridgeC. Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Jude the Obscure3. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Getting MarriedB. Too True to Be GoodC. Widowers’ HousesD. The Apple Cart4. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.A. The TrespasserB. The White PeacockC. Sons and LoversD. The Rainbow5. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.A. “Prufrock”B. “Gerontion”C. The Hollow MenD. Lyrical Ballads6. Charlotte Brontё’s ____________ is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.A. The ProfessorB. Wuthering HeightsC. VilletteD. Jane Eyre7. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. AdonaisB. Queen MabC. Prometheus UnboundD. Kubla Khan8. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats9. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is John Milton’s____________.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica10. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage11. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem ____________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.A. The Hollow MenB. The Waste LandC. Murder in the CathedralD. Ash Wednesday12. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups, poems about____________.A. nature and human lifeB. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imaginationD. nature and commonlife13. Among the following writers ____________ is considered to be the best -known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar WildeB. John GalsworthyC. W. B. YeatsD. George Bernard Shaw14. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.A. The Book of UrizenB. The Book of LosC. Poetical SketchesD. Marriage of Heaven and Hell15. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of ____________ and pathos.A. metaphorB. passionC. satireD. humor16. Daniel Defoe describes ____________ as a typical English middle -class man of the eigh- teenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.A. Robinson CrusoeB. Moll FlandersC. GulliverD. Tom Jones17. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ____________ touch in his de- scription of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgicB. tragicC. romanticD. ironic18. Of all the eighteenth - century novelists ____________ was the first to set out, both in the-ory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the mode rn novel its structure and style.A. Thomas GrayB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Jonathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding19. Shakespeare’s authentic non-dramatic poetry consists of two long narrative poems: Venus and Adonis and____________.A. Julius CaesarB. The Winter’s TaleC. The Rape of LucreceD. The Two gentlemen of Verona20. John Milton’s ____________ is probably his most memorable prose work, which is a great plea for freedom of the press.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise regainedC. AreopagiticaD. Lycidas21.D. H. Lawrence’s novels ____________ are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A. The Rainbow; Women in LoveB. The Rainbow; Sons and LoversC. Sons and Lovers; Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s Lover22. The best representatives of the English humanists are Thomas More, Christopher Mar-lowe and____________.A. William ShakespeareB. John MiltonC. Henry FieldingD. Jonathan Swift23. Mark Twain’s particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local color ism,” a unique variation of American literary____________.A. romanticismB. nationalismC. modernismD. realism24. As a poet with a strong sense of mission, Walt Whitman devoted all his life to the creation of the “single” poem,____________.A. Drum TapsB. North of BostonC. A Boy’s WillD. Leaves of Grass25. William Faulkner creates his own mythical kingdom that mirrors not only the decline of the____________ society of America but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society.A. EasternB. WesternC. SouthernD. Northern26. In his final years, Herman Melville turned again to prose fiction and wrote what is probably his second famous work, ____________ , which was published after his death.A. Billy BuddB. RedburnC. Moby - DickD. Typee27. The Sun Also Rise casts light on a whole generation after ____________ and the effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of “the Lost Generation. ”A. the Spanish Civil WarB. the American- Mexican WarC. WWID. WWII28. Herman Melville went to the South Seas on a whaling ship in 1841, where he gained the first -hand information about whaling that he used later in____________.A. TypeeB. RedburnC. Moby - DickD. Omoo29. According to ____________ , the life - death cycle, the spring and winter of the earth, the birth and death of the animals is reality.A. Theodore DreiserB. William FaulknerC. Henry JamesD. F·Scott Fitzgerald30. “Though life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss become s dignity. ” This is an outlook towards life that ____________ had been trying to illustrate in his works.A. F·Scott FitzgeraldB. Ernest HemingwayC. Theodore DreiserD. William Faulkner31. More than five hundred poems ____________ wrote are about nature, in which his (her) general skepticism about the relationship between man and nature is well -expressed.A. Robert FrostB. Emily DickinsonC. Ezra PoundD. Walt Whitman32. In 1954, the Nobel Prize for literature was granted to ____________ , one of the greatest of American writers.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Robert FrostC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser33. North of Boston is described by Robert Frost as “a book of poople,” which shows a brilliant insight into ____________ character and the background that formed it.A. EasternB. WesternC. SouthernD. New England34. Walt Whitman is radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new poetic feelings is “ ____________ ”.A. standardized rhymingB. regular rhymingC. free verseD. strict verse35. Henry James’ fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the____________ theme.A. internationalB. localC. colonialD. post-modern36. The Financier, The Titan and The Stoic by Theodore Dreiser are called h is “Trilogy of_________. ”A. HatredB. DeathC. DesireD. Fate37. In 1920, F·Scott Fitzgerald’s first novel ____________ was published, which was, to some extent, his own story.A. This Side of ParadiseB. Tales of the Jazz AgeC. All the Sad Young MenD. Taps at Reveille38. In 1837, Nathaniel Hawthorne published Twice - Told Tales, a collection of ____________ which attracted critical attention.A. poemsB. short storiesC. essaysD. plays39. William Faulkner set most of his works in the American ____________ , with his emphasis on the ________subjects and consciousness.A. North... NorthernB. East... EasternC. West... WesternD. South... Southern40. The House of the Seven Gables was based on the tradition of a curse pronounced on____________’s family when his great - grandfather was a judge in the Salem witchcraft trials.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Washington IrvingC. Ezra PoundD. Walt WhitmanPART TWO (60 POINTS)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. “Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ”Questions:A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the title of the poem?B. What does the word “this” in the last line refer to?C. What idea do the quoted lines express?42. “Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock or hill;Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep !The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And al l that mighty heart is lying still!”( From Wordsworth’s sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge)Questions:A. What does this sonnet describe?B. What does the phrase “mighty heart” refer to?C. The sonnet follows strictly the Italian form. What is the feature of the Italian form of sonnet?43. “ The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep. ”Questions:A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the title of the poem?B. What does the word “sleep” mean?C. What idea do the four lines express?44. “ I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. ”( From Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself)Questions:A. Who does “myself” refer to?B. How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul” ?C. What does “a spear of summer grass” s ymbolize?III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. What’s the theme of the poem Paradise Lost? What’s the author’s intention to create it and the implication that the poem expresses?46. The Waste Land is T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem. What’s the theme of the poem?47. In American literature, Emily Dickinson’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. What are the features of Dickinson’s poems?48. What’s the theme of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Discuss Charles Dickens’ art of fiction: the setting, the character- portrayal, the language, etc. , based on his novel Oliver Twist.50. Summarize Ernest Hemingway’s artistic features.。

词汇学语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的系统、结构和变化规律的学科，它属于：A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 语义学答案：C2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的内容？A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的分类C. 词汇的演变D. 语音的发音答案：D3. 词汇学中，词根是指：A. 词的基本意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A4. 以下哪个词是由两个词根组成的？A. 苹果B. 汽车C. 电脑D. 葡萄答案：B5. 词汇学中的“同义词”指的是：A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 意义完全不同的词答案：B6. 在词汇学中，“反义词”是指：A. 意义相近的词B. 意义相反的词C. 意义相同的词D. 意义不相关的词答案：B7. “词汇化”是指：A. 词汇的创造过程B. 词汇的消失过程C. 词汇的演变过程D. 词汇的分类过程答案：A8. 词汇学中的“语义场”是指：A. 词的发音范围B. 词的书写范围C. 词的意义范围D. 词的使用范围答案：C9. 词汇学中，“多义词”是指：A. 只有一个意义的词B. 有两个或两个以上意义的词C. 没有意义或意义不明确的词D. 意义完全相反的词答案：B10. 词汇学中的“同音词”是指：A. 发音相同的词B. 意义相同的词C. 书写相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 词汇学中的“词缀”是指附着在词根上，用来构成新词的________。

答案：语素12. “派生”是指通过添加________来创造新词的过程。

答案：词缀13. “合成”是指通过合并________来创造新词的过程。

答案：词根14. “词汇变化”包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移15. “词汇的语义变化”是指词义的________、________和________。

⾃学考试英语⼆历年试题及答案整理（2011.4,2011.7,2012.1）2011年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试全国统⼀命题考试英语（⼆）试卷（课程代码00015）ⅠVocabulary and Structure(10points 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出⼀个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂⿊。

1.Y ou may use bike________ you give it back to me tomorrow morning.A. unlessB. providedC. thoughD. because2.He could not ________his tears on hearing that he was not admitted to the universityA. hold upB. hold backC. get overD. get through3.Good parents have the ability to communicate messages of love, trust, and self-worth ______their childrenA. onB. forC. withD. to4.The teacher required that all errors should be _______eliminated before the students turn in their term paper.A. deportedB. eliminatedC. deprivedD. implemented5.A person is lucky if his career ________with his interest and hobby.A. concernsB. competesC. coincidersD. compares6.Out sleep influences our mood. our mood, ________,affects our performance.A. in returnB. in vainC. in shortD. in turn7.It was ________of you not to disturb us while we were sleeping.A. considerateB. consideringC. considerableD. considered8.I'd appreciate it very much if you could make some ________on my recent article at the conference.A. requestsB. referencesC. remarksD. restrictions9.He is ______absorbed in his own thoughts that he seems unaware of what's going on in the room.A. soB. eachC. veryD. much10.No sooner (选C)had I reached home than Michael arrived with Jane in his car.A. did I reachB.I had reachedC. had I reachedD.I reachedⅡ.Cloze Test(10point,1 point each)下列短⽂中有⼗个空⽩，每个空⽩有四个选项，根据上下⽂要求选出最佳答案。

全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A，B，C or D in the brackets·1．My entire ______ amounted to only 100 yuan after I bought a car．（）A．savings B．savingC．save D．saves2．One and two ______ three．（）A．made B．makeC．will make D．is making3．My boss ______ a rise in my salary for years，but nothing has happened yet．（）A．is promised B．is promisingC．has been promising D．promised4．Much to my satisfaction，I noticed that my son’s performance at school ______．（）A．was being improved B．Was been improvedC．has improved D．had improved5．The workers insisted on ______ the task and promised to fulfil it in time．（）A．being given B．givingC．having been given D．given6．If Tom had prepared well for the final exam，he ______ it．（）A．wouldn’t fail B．couldn’t failC．wouldn’t have failed D．didn’t fail7．A study concerning marriage shows that a couple ______ stay in harmony for about one or two years before they begin to find fault with each other．（）A．should B．mustC．need D．may8．There’s not much point ______ about it any further．（）A．argue B．to argueC．arguing D．being argued9．We must get the work ______ as soon as possible．（）A．do B．doingC．done D．to do10．In no country ______ Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of one single day．（）A．better than B．more thanC．rather than D．other than11．I would have paid ______ for this dress because I really like it．（）A．as much twice B．as much two timesC．twice D．twice as much12．When I called him last night，he was reading ______ story．（）A．an exciting old detective B．an old exciting detectiveC．an exciting detective old D．a detective old exciting13．I saw her talking ______．（）A．in the library yesterday with a young manB．in the library with a young man yesterdayC．with a young man yesterday in the libraryD．with a young man in the library yesterday14．I want to tell you that I sympathize ______ you in your afflictions．（）A．for B．toC．of D．with15．I hope that the little ______ I’ve done is of some help to you．（）A．that B．whichC．what D．when16．After his wife died，the goals ______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him．（）A．after which B．for whichC．with which D．at which17．We met a boy and a girl．The boy, ______ we asked，told us the way．（）A．that B．whichC．whom D．／18．What my wife said and thought ______ none of your concern．（）A．is B．areC．was D．were19．Nobody but Smith and John ______ in the lab yesterday．（）A．are B．had beenC．were D．was20．When my grandfather told us a story, he would begin like ______：a long，long time ago．．．．（）A．these B．thoseC．this D．that二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A：Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21．isn’t, doesn’t, don’t, it, they, they’reFive pounds __________ buy as much as __________ used to．22．a，the, some，any, an，suchKalamata produces ______ of the best olive oil in the world；it’s ______ oil of very high quality．23．repairing, repaired, being repaired, calls, calling，calledHis car was still ______ when he ______ the garage．24．would be，is，be, are，will be，have beenIt ______ absolutely essential that all the facts ______ examined first．25．whether, when，where, is a girl, a girl, being a girl_______ still ______ of ten，she was able to speak three foreign languages．26．which, which，who，who，whom, whomI share a room with a boy ______ is a philosophy student and ______ 1ikes to sit up half the night discussing philosophy．27．is，was, were，itself, oneself, themselvesChicago Bulls _____________ enjoying ____________ at the celebration party for the fifth NBA championship．28．it, him，this，that, which, andThey tried to put ______ into my head ______ he was the right person for the job，Section B：Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary．(共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)29．Nobody agreed with you，______ (they)?30．They wouldn’t let their cat outside ______ (fear) it would get run over．31．Homework should not be used as a ______ (means) of controlling children．32．When you run，______ (foot) leaves the ground before the other comes down．33．We decided to have a ______ (week or so) break in Paris after a month’s hard work．34．Just now I ______ (see) a man with a scar across his race come out of the shop．35．I ______ (want) to call you but my phone broke down．3 6．It ______ (rain) hard，but no one stopped working．37．If it ______ (not be) for the rain，we would have had a good harvest．38．If I ______ (stop)，there wouldn’t have been an accident，but the road was too slippery．39．He hates ______ (can)Donald Duck．40．______ (catch) in a traffic jam，it is easy to lose patience．41．Mary’s ______ (nice) of the four girls in the family．42．The quicker you get ready, ______ (soon)we’11 be able to leave.43．His ______ (fondness) collecting stamps was such that nearly half his income went into this hobby．44．After ______ (go)more of life’s ups and downs，I decided that it was time for me to pursue what was important：it was time to fulfill my life’s dream．45．______ (see) that he’s been off sick all week he’s unlikely to come．46．They have four children，all ______ (of) are now at school．47．Bread and milk，______ (have) been my breakfast for years．48．______ (seem) to be little enthusiasm for your idea．三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)Correct one error in each of the following sentences．49．I felt relaxed after an hour and a half test．50．According to his visiting arrangement，the Prime Minister will speak on television tonight．51．The judge ordered that the witness told the truth．52．If I were you，I will not do that．53．The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost its strategic importance．54．They want at least their double salaries．55．He would rather listen to others than to talk himself．56．Barking furiously, I led the dog out of the room．57．Weakened by his last illness，I fear that another winter in this country wou1d kill him．58．The boy does not smoke，not drink alcohol，and not idle away his time．5 9．The ocean，as well as the gulf and the bay, provide good fishing．60．Not a single word he can read and write．四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.61．Adding a suitable tag to the following statement：Nothing could make me give it up．62．Strengthening the force of the following command：Stop lying to me．63．Using a non-finite verb form：The witness reported that he had seen a dark saloon car parked outside the bank at the time of the robbery．64．Combining the two sentences by using a relative clause：The millionaire has made a public appeal．His son ran away from home a week ago．65．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct：Sidney was lively and talkative．His brother was quiet and reserved．66．Using a disjunct：It is hoped that the two sides may come to an agreement on this issue．67．Using discontinuity：Many ways to use small and simple machines to process large and complicated machine parts have been found．68．Using inversion：There was a sudden gust of wind and his hat went away．69．Using a modal auxiliary：I can’t believe that they have been waiting so long．70．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:Those who most deserve defeat rarely seem to suffer defeat．71．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:To guard against lost luggage，buy brightly coloured luggage or wrap bags with a belt so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage．72．Using subjunctive mood：He isn’t the boss here，but he speaks in a way that makes people believe he is．五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分)Answer the following questions．73．What do you think of the change of tense from the traditional sixteen tenses to two tenses?74．What is information structure?。