制药工程 专业英语 Unit 21

制药工程专业英语Unit 1production of drugs P1单词Compound 化合物intermediate 中间产物alkaloids 生物碱enzymes酶peptide 肽hormones 荷尔蒙modification 修饰chloramphenicol 氯霉素metabolites 代谢物substitute 替代品derivative衍生物active 活性absorption 吸收extraction 提取Recombinant 重组insulin 编码neuroactive 神经活性start materials 起始原料recrystallization 重结晶methanol 甲醇Ethanol 乙醇isopropanol 异丙醇butanol 丁醇benzene 苯翻译Known examples are the enzymatic cleavage of racemates of N-acetyl-D, L-amino acids to give L-amino acids, the production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from benzylpenicillin by means of penicillinamidase and the aspartase-catalysed stereospecific addition of ammonia to fumaric acid in order to produce L-aspartic acid.著名的例子是对N -乙酰- D，L -氨基酸消旋给予L -氨基酸酶裂解，从青霉素生产8 -氨基青霉烷酸的青霉素酰胺酶手段和天冬氨酸酶，催化氨立体除了富马酸为了酸生产L -天门冬氨酸。

Reading material 1 p7Antagonist 抑制剂receptor 受体clinical investigation 临床研究antibacterial抗菌的inhibition 抑制mercurial 水银dominate 占主导Unit 3 chemotherapy: an introduction P29单词chemotherapy化学治疗superstition 迷信pathogenic 致病的翻译The activity of the arsenical drugs is explained as due to a blocking of essential thiol groups.For example, lipoic acid dehydrogenase contains two cysteine molecules, while are kept near each other by folding of the molecule. As a result, an arsenical can react with these thiol groups and inactivate the molecule, as show in equation.对含砷药物活性被解释为由于阻塞必不可少的巯基。

制药工程专业英语课后练习题含答案题目一：Drug Substance Manufacturing1.What is Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. It is the process of producing a finished drug product.–B. It is the process of producing the activeingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.–C. It is the process of packaging and labeling a finished drug product.–D. It is the process of performing clinical trials ona drug product.Answer: B. It is the process of producing the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.2.What are the steps involved in Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. Synthesis, isolation, and purification.–B. Packaging, labeling, and testing.–C. Clinical trials, manufacturing, and distribution.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Synthesis, isolation, and purification.3.What is the mn purpose of Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. To produce a finished drug product for human use.–B. To provide the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.–C. To test and validate the safety and efficacy of a drug product.–D. To distribute a drug product to consumers.Answer: B. To provide the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.题目二：Pharmaceutical Formulation1.What is Pharmaceutical Formulation?–A. It is the process of producing a finished drug product.–B. It is the process of selecting and combining ingredients to produce a drug product.–C. It is the process of packaging and labeling a finished drug product.–D. It is the process of performing clinical trials ona drug product.Answer: B. It is the process of selecting and combining ingredients to produce a drug product.2.What are the key considerations in PharmaceuticalFormulation?–A. Safety, efficacy, and stability.–B. Cost, avlability, and taste.–C. Appearance, texture, and smell.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Safety, efficacy, and stability.3.What is the role of excipients in Pharmaceutical Formulation?–A. They are the active ingredients in a drug product.–B. They are the inactive ingredients in a drug product that help to improve its properties.–C. They are the ingredients in a drug product that are responsible for the color and flavor.–D. None of the above.Answer: B. They are the inactive ingredients in a drug product that help to improve its properties.题目三：Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)1.What is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)?–A. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.–B. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the efficacy of pharmaceutical products.–C. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the affordability of pharmaceutical products.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.2.What are the key components of Good Manufacturing Practice(GMP)?–A. Quality control, documentation, and facility design.–B. Clinical trials, manufacturing, and distribution.–C. Cost control, inventory management, and customer service.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Quality control, documentation, and facility design.3.Why is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) important?–A. It helps to ensure the quality and safety ofpharmaceutical products.–B. It helps to reduce the cost of producingpharmaceutical products.–C. It helps to increase the avlability ofpharmaceutical products.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. It helps to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.总结本文介绍了制药工程专业英语中的几个重要概念和术语，包括Drug Substance Manufacturing（药品物质制造）、Pharmaceutical Formulation（制剂开发）以及Good Manufacturing Practice（良好生产规范）。

Distillation columns are vertical, cylindrical vessels containing devices that provide intimate contacting of the rising vapor with the descending liquid.蒸馏塔是垂直的，可以提供给上升的蒸汽与下降的液体直接接触的圆柱形容器控制设备。

This contacting provides the opportunity for the two streams to achieve some approach to thermodynamic equilibrium.这种接触为两个流体实现热力学平衡提供了机会。

Depending on the type of internal devices used, the contacting may occur in discrete steps, called plates or trays, or in a continuous differential manner on the surface of a packing material.取决于使用的内部设备的类型，能使接触出现分离的叫塔板或者分流塔盘，或者是在一个能连续差分方式的包装材料的表面上。

The fundamental requirement of the column is to provide efficient and economic contacting at a required mass-transfer rate.蒸馏塔的根本要求，是为客户提供高效和经济的同时要与必要的质量传输速率相联系。

Individual column requirements vary from high vacuum to high pressure, from low to high liquid rates, from clean to dirty systems, and so on.个人塔的要求各不相同从高真空至高压力，从低到高的液率，从清洁到不清洁的系统，等等。

专业英语考试内容：单词10分句子翻译24分根据课文回答问题24分英译汉药品说明书21分翻译汉译英摘要21分Unit 11 Tablet (The Pharmaceutical Tablets Dosage Form)药片（医药片剂剂型）Role in TherapyA: The oral route of drug admininistration is the most important method of administering drugs ofr systemic effects.Except in cases of Insulin therapy.the parenteral route is not routinely used for self-administration of medication.The topical route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects,with two classes of marketed products:Nitroglycerin for the treatmint of angina and scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.Other drugs are certain to follow,but the topical route of administration is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic drug action.A:口服给药是全身效应用药方法中最为重要的。

除了胰岛素治疗，非肠道药途径不常用在自我服药方面。

专业英语考试内容：单词10分句子翻译24分根据课文回答问题24分英译汉药品说明书21分翻译汉译英摘要21分Unit 11 Tablet (The Pharmaceutical Tablets Dosage Form)药片（医药片剂剂型）Role in TherapyA: The oral route of drug admininistration is the most important method of administering drugs ofr systemic effects.Except in cases of Insulin therapy.the parenteral route is not routinely used for self-administration of medication.The topical route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects,with two classes of marketed products:Nitroglycerin for the treatmint of angina and scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.Other drugs are certain to follow,but the topical route of administration is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic drug action.A:口服给药是全身效应用药方法中最为重要的。

除了胰岛素治疗，非肠道药途径不常用在自我服药方面。

medicinal药品,药物, 药的,药用的，治疗的medical 医学的，医术的pharmaceutical 药学的，制药的，药品be split into 分成，分为alkaloid 生物碱enzyme 酶polysaccharide 多糖，多聚糖precursor 前体steroid甾体peptide 肽hormone 激素gall 胆汁insulin 胰岛素pancreas胰腺serum/sera血清，浆液vaccine 疫苗cholesterol 胆固醇gelatine 骨胶，明胶antibiotic 抗生素，抗菌的interferon 干扰素antibody 抗体fermentation 发酵therapy 治疗/ therapeutic治疗的therapeutic margin caffeine咖啡因dopamine多巴胺yeast 酵母mucous membrane粘液的，分泌粘液的plasma 血浆，淋巴液，等离子体penicillin 青霉素penicillium 青霉菌derivative衍生物sterile无菌的，不能生育的aerobic 需氧的oxygen feedstuff 饲料lymph淋巴，淋巴液starch 淀粉regiospecific reaction区域专一性反应stereospecific reaction立体专一性反应glucose葡萄糖immobilize 固定heterogeneous 不均匀的，多相的contamination污染genetic 创始的，遗传学的hygienic 卫生学的，卫生的intermediate中间体extraction 萃取recrystallization 重结晶/ crystal 晶体，晶体的xylene 二甲苯toluene 甲苯ether 醚synthesize 综合，合成benzene苯/ chlorobenzene氯苯synthetic, 合成的，人造的；化学合成品synthesis [复syntheses] 综合,综合物，合成(法)semisynthetic, lead structure先导结构preparation 制备，制剂isolate使分离，使离析/ isolation heart glycoside tocopherol 生育酚hydrolysis水解/hydrolysate水解产物/hydrolyze水解hydroxylation 羟基化dextran 葡聚糖，代血浆wool 羊毛 ーlactamβ-内酰胺amino acid 氨基酸/ amino 氨基的penicilamine 青霉胺ammonia 氨ammonium 铵/ ammonium sulfate硫酸铵amine 胺amide酰胺microorganism 微生物microbiological微生物学的mutant 变异的；突变型，突变体starting material 起始原料natural source天然来源organ器官/target organ 靶器官pancreas 胰腺natural product 天然产物mould 霉，霉菌；发霉high performance 高效bacterial 细菌的protein 蛋白质degradation 降解metabolism新陈代谢/ metabolize metabolite代谢物molecule /molecular weight food additive organiclactic acid乳酸citric acid 柠檬酸tetracycline 四环素carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbohydrate 碳水化合物saccharide 糖/多糖polysaccharide nitrogen 氮urea 尿素phosphate 磷酸盐optimal 优化的，最佳的separate vt 分离absorption 吸收absorb vt. 吸收filtration 过滤filtrate 滤液filte 过滤（vt），过滤器（n）recombinant 重组的，重组子purification 纯化encode把(电文等)译成电码(或密码), 编码calcium 钙chromatographic procedure 色谱操作步骤isomerization异构化/isomeric phenol 酚fructose 果糖fumaric acid 富马酸countless test 非计数的diagnose诊断diagnostic analysis分析/analyze 分析vt / analyst分析家/ analytical分析的protease 蛋白酶Ingredient 成分in combination with 结合Digestion 消化。

制药工程专业英语Chap7.1over three quarters of the world's population relies mainly onplants and plant extracts for health care.Approximately one third of the prescription drugs in the US contain plant components,and more than 120 important prescription drugs are derived from plants.Most of these drugs were developed because of their use in traditional medicine.Economically this represents $8000~10000M of annual consumer spending. Recent World Health Organization studies indicate that over 30 per cent of theworld's plant species have at one time or another been used for medicineal purposes. of the 250000 higher plant species on Earth, more than 80000 species are medicinal.Although traditional medicine is widespread throughout the world,it is an integral part of eachindividual culture. Its practice is based mainly on traditional beliefs handed down from generation to generation for hundreds or even thousands of years.Unfortunately,much of this ancient knowledge and many valuable plants are being lost at an alarming rate.the scientific study of traditional medicines and the systematic preservation of medicinal plants are thus of great importance.For quite a long time, the only way to use plant medicines waseither direct application or the use of crude plant extracts.With the development of organic chemistry at the beginning of thiscentury,extraction and fractionation techniques improvedsignificantly.It became possible to isolate and identify many of the active chemicals from plants.In the 1940s,advances in chemical synthesis enabled the synthesis of many plant components and their derivatives.In western countries, it was thought that chemical synthesis of drugs would be more effective and economical than isolation from naturalsources.indeed,this is true in many cases.however,in many othercases,synthetic analogues are not as effective as their natural counterparts.In addition,some synthetic drugs cost many times more than natural ones. 在世界上有四分之三的人口主要依靠植物和植物提取物的保健作用。

专业英语考试内容：单词10分句子翻译24分根据课文回答问题24分英译汉药品说明书21分翻译汉译英摘要21分Unit 11 Tablet (The Pharmaceutical Tablets Dosage Form)药片（医药片剂剂型）Role in TherapyA: The oral route of drug admininistration is the most important method of administering drugs ofr systemic effects.Except in cases of Insulin therapy.the parenteral route is not routinely used for self-administration of medication.The topical route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects,with two classes of marketed products:Nitroglycerin for the treatmint of angina and scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.Other drugs are certain to follow,but the topical route of administration is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic drug action.A:口服给药是全身效应用药方法中最为重要的。

除了胰岛素治疗，非肠道药途径不常用在自我服药方面。

Unit 1 Production of DrugsDepending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split into three groups:I .Totally synthetic materials (synthetics)，Ⅱ.Natural products，and Ⅲ.Products from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products).The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds of groups I and Ⅲ一thus Drug synthesis. This does not mean，however，that natural products or other agents are less important. They can serve as valuable lead structures，and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates for important synthetic products.Table 1 gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.1单元生产的药品其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类：1。

完全（合成纤维）合成材料，Ⅱ。

天然产物，和Ⅲ。

产品从（半合成产品）的部分合成。

本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。

这并不意味着，但是，天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。

它们可以作为有价值的领导结构，他们常常为原料，或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。