2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

2015年宁波大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：104.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.在古希腊古罗马神话中的诸神中，被称为“爱神”和“美神”的是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.丘比特B.维纳斯C.雅典娜D.阿波罗2.今年是第二次世界大战70周年。

在“二战”中，下列历史事件发生在6月6日的是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.盟军在诺曼底登陆B.日本偷袭珍珠港C.斯大林格勒保卫战开始D.德国宣布无条件投降3.著名的探戈舞起源于( )。

（分数：2.00）A.ArgentinaB.ChileC.ItalyD.Spain4.孔子曾说：“微管仲，吾被发左衽。

”这里的“左衽”是指( )。

（分数：2.00）A.地名B.少数民族C.人民D.汉族5.世界各国医疗机构用的红十字标志，是根据哪个国家的国旗图案设计的?( )（分数：2.00）A.瑞典B.瑞士C.葡萄牙D.西班牙6.拉丁美洲作家马尔克斯的《百年孤独》是一部( )作品。

（分数：2.00）A.魔幻现实主义B.批判现实主义C.浪漫主义D.现代主义7.“犹留正气参天地，永剩丹心照古今”说的是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.文天祥B.岳飞C.诸葛亮D.白居易8.《天龙八部》中的乔峰，身世埋在雁门关下，雁门关在( )。

（分数：2.00）A.新疆B.宁夏C.山西D.陕西9.“自由是做法律所许可的一切事情的权利：如果一个公民能够做法律所禁止的事情，他就不再有自由了，因为其他的人也同样会有这个权利。

”这段话出自( )。

（分数：2.00）A.伏尔泰B.列宁D.赫胥黎10.广州因何而有“羊城”之名?( )（分数：2.00）A.牧业城市B.传说为羊的后代C.喜欢吃羊肉D.根据“五羊”的传说11.《新人口论》的作者是哪国人?( )（分数：2.00）A.中国B.英国C.美国D.法国12.我国小说史上第一部长篇讽刺小说是( )。

2015年宁波大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 英汉互译英汉互译英译汉1．The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the sprightly flivver(廉价小汽车)that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens , good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. He had an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically , a power in the land. One evening he was sitting in his club with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse(or the better)for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean.(40%)正确答案：对于大多数人来说，生活是由环境决定的。

宁波大学211翻译硕士英语2019（B卷）考研专业课真题(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B)Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Andrew wanted to be transferred to another department, but her application was _____because her own department is understaffed.A.turned downB. turned overC. turned awayD. turnedoff2.Helen’s been neglecting her homework lately. I’ll _____ with her parents about it.A.have wordsB. have a wordC. have the wordD. have the lastword3.______ more societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a loomingproblem of knowledge management.A.Given thatB. ProvidedC. UnlessD. While4.Psychologists maintain that the nature of human beings entails a strong need to _____their free time; idleness can be as stressful as activity.A.endangerB. preserveC. consumeD. organize5._____ age twenty, Robert Kelly left KCRA, Inc. to enroll _____ the University ofCalifornia at Davis.A. at; atB. at; inC. upon; inD. on; at6.We had the unmeasured _____ of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us.A. threatenB. misfortuneC. flinchD. menace7.I _____ the Head Master’s permission to alter darker to sterner. “Not less we praise insterner days.”A. have obtainedB. acquireC. had possessedD. contained8.AIDS is said __________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the pastfew years in that region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语9.Sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. The underlinedword means ________.A. exhaustingB. dullC. annoyingD. bored10.Uncle Bubba was tough, kind, funny, and scary all _________ one, which was just whatDan and I needed.A. mix intoB. merged intoC. fixed intoD. rolled into11.In fact, as he approached his beloved daughter, he only barely resisted the________ to stroke her pretty soft hair.A. impulseB. intuitionC. instinctD. incentive12.The price of the organic vegetable will vary according to how far it has to betransported and how expensive the freight ________ is.A. paymentB. chargeC. fundD. price13.As the temperature dropped abruptly, the campers were ________ all overwith cold.A. spinningB. shiveringC. shakingD. staggering14.The English language contains a (an) ________ of words which are comparativelyseldom used in ordinary conversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude15.The mayor expressed his heart-felt gratitude through the reporters for the timelyassistance and support the people from other cities had kindly ________ to hiscitizens.A. renderedB. securedC. soughtD. furnished16.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________familiarity with technology.A. by means ofB. in terms ofC. in quest ofD. by virtue of17.Lucy ________ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn’tdecided yet.A.consideredB. had consideredC.is going to considerD. has been considering(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语18.Many reporters hurried to the airport, ________ that the superstar had already left.A.had been toldB. being toldC.only to be toldD. unfortunately told19.Once you become a soldier, you will be given a monthly ________ by the army.A. incomeB. allowanceC. wageD. salary20.The Olympic Games ________ in 776 B. C. in Olympia, a small town in Greece.A. originatedB. stemmedC. derivedD. descendedSection B: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 21 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 22 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 23 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 24 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 25 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 26 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 27 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 28 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 29 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 30 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 31 . Newlyweds traditional ly move in with the wife’s parents and may 32 with them up to a year, 33 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 34 , but not common .Divorced persons are 35 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 36 property he or she 37 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 38 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but agender prejudice 39 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 40 the woman must wait the months.21. A. by way of B. as well as C. on behalf of D. with regard to(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语22. A. adapt to B. provide for C. compete with D. decide on23. A. close B. renew C. arrange D. postpone24. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example25. A. Although B. Lest C. After D. Unless26. A. into B. within C. from D. through27. A. sine B. or C. but D. so28. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create29. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying30. A. lighting B. passing C. hiding D. serving31. A. meeting B. association C. collection D. union32. A. grow B. part C. deal D. live33. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if34. A. obtain B. follow C. challenge D. avoid35. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed36. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever37. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed38. A. divided B. invested C. donated D. withdrawn39. A. clears B. warms C. shows D. breaks40. A. while B. so what C. once D. in thatPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points: 2×20)Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You are expected to make the best choice.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passageA number of scientific studies have found that the amount of sugar we consume is a major factor in how big Americans have become. In the last half century, consumption of sugars by the average American has increased by more than 24 pounds a year, expanding waistlines and crowding out more nutritious foods.Furthermore, the studies indicate that the main dietary culprit for both the increase in sugar and the weight of Americans has been the ever-growing consumption of sugary drinks, especially soda. These soft drinks contribute 7 percent of the calories Americans consume, making them the leading source of added sugar and the single largest source of calories in our diet.Critics have repeatedly blamed high-fructose corn syrup, the inexpensive sweetener that has helped to keep soda prices down and allowed consumption to soar. But in fact, no(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语sugary beverage and no caloric sweetener is blameless. Not ordinary table sugar; not brown sugar or raw sugar; not honey; not even fruit juice concentrate.All these sweeteners when added to drinks contribute mostly empty calories that do little to satisfy the appetite and end up as excess energy that the body ultimately turns to fat. And soda, though the most common sugary beverage, is not the only one involved. In fact, after decades of increases, soda consumption has leveled off, but sports drinks, energy drinks and sweetened teas have become increasingly important contributors to the liquid calories Americans consume.To improve the health of its residents and its coffers, New York State is considering a consumption tax of about one pennyper ounce on high-calorie sweetened beverages.The American Beverage Association, which takes major credit for an 88 percent reduction in sugared soda calories in the nation’s schools, has seriously undermined its credibility with ads opposing the so-called soda tax.In association-sponsored commercials on television and radio, housewives spout the ridiculous argument that such a tax would make it more difficult for them to feed their families.But on no nutritionist’s list are you likely to find soda listed as a desirable dietary ingredient. It is not a food, nor a basic necessity. In fact, the people likely to benefit most from a soda tax that discourages consumption are those who find it hardest to make ends meet. These are the people who can least afford to waste hard-earned dollars on empty calories that undermine their health.41. What have many studies found according to the first two paragraphs?A. American s’ diet contains too many nutritious foods.B. Soda is one major contributor to Americans’ obesity.C. Americans’ diet has the largest number of calories.D. Americans consume the most sugars in the world.42. What can we know about the empty calories from the passage?A. They make people have no appetite.B. They will turn to fat at last.C. They are Americans’ basic necessity.D. They are bad for people’s health.43. What measure does New York State want to take to improve its people’s health?A. It is planning to impose taxes on sugary drinks with highcalories.B. It is considering limiting the amount of liquid calories Americans consume.C. It limits the amount of sugar added to the sugary drinks.D. It encourages the sellers to raise the price of the drinks with high calories.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语44. Why does the American Beverage Association lose its credibility?A. It doesn’t think all the sugary drinks are harmful.B. It opposes reducing its nation schools’ soda calories.C. It doesn’t support the so-called soda tax.D. It discourages people to consume soda drinks.45. What is housewives’ attitude towards the soda tax?A. Indifferent.B. Supporting.C. Suspicious.D. Disapproving.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as amedium of exchange eases transactions considerably.An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain the science of economics.B. To outline types of economic systems.C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.D. To compare barter and money exchange markets.47. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best bereplaced?(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语A. High quality.B. Concrete.C. Utter.D. Essential.48. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to____.A. rapid speed of transactionsB. misunderstandingsC. inflationD. difficulties for the traders49. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administeredsystem?A. Individual households.B. Small businesses.C. Major companies.D. The government.50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining apers on’s position in a traditional society?A. Family backgroundB. AgeC. Religious beliefs.D. CustomQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any advantage point. Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture.One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that conditionover a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic（天气的）meteorology.Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagram. The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts.The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology. .51.The best title for the passage is ____.A.The Basics of Dynamic MeteorologyB.The Limitations of Meteorological ForecastingC.Approaches to the Science of MeteorologyD.New Advances in Synoptic Meteorology52.Which of the following is not referred to by the author asa field whose needs areserved by weather forecasting?A.Sports.B. Transportation.C. Manufacturing.D. Farming.53.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the thirdparagraph of the passage?A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B.Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance.C.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.D.A problem is examined and possible solutions are given.54.The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to____.A.greater protection of human lifeB.more funds allocated to meteorological researchC.a higher number of professional forecastersD.less-specialized forms of synoptic meteorology55.In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase "these tools" refers to____.A.mathematics and physicsB.weather forecastsC.meteorological problemsD.economic advantageQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Historians of women's labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead onfactory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid women's work in the(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipator in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women's employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women's "real" aspirations were for marriage and family lire, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as "female".More remarkable than the original has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female", employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even whenhigher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United. States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs that women had been permitted to master..56.According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was ________.A.perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women'semployment In wage laborB.one means by which women achieved greater job securityC.reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages wereobviousD.a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry57.According to the passage, historians of women's labor focused on factory work as amore promising area of research than service-sector work because factorywork________.A.involved the payment of higher wagesB.required skill in detailed tasksC.was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregationD.was more readily accepted by women than by men(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语58.It can be inferred from the passage that the "unfinished revolution" the author mentionsin highlight text refers to the________.A.recognition that work done by women as homemakers should be compensated atrates comparable to those prevailing in the service sector of the economyB.development of a new definition of femininity unrelated to the economic forces ofindustrialismC.introduction of equal pay for equal work in all professionsD.emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation.59.Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passageconcerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?A.patientB.repetitiveC.hoaryD.homemaking60.Which of the following statements is true about hiring policies in the United States?A.After a crisis many formerly "male" jobs are reclassified as "female" jobs.B.Industrial employers generally prefer to hire women with previous experience ashomemakers.C.Post-Second World War hiring policies caused women to lose many of theirwartime gains in employment opportunity.D.Even war industries during the Second World War werereluctant to hire women forfactory workPart III Writing (30 points)Directions:Based on the information given below, please write an essay of about 400 words on the Answer Sheet. You have 60 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay.Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between rich people and poor people, while others say that technology has the opposite effect.Discuss these points of view. What’s your opinion?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience or knowledge.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B)Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Andrew wanted to be transferred to another department, but her application was _____because her own department is understaffed.A.turned downB. turned overC. turned awayD. turnedoff2.Helen’s been neglecting her homework lately. I’ll _____ with her parents about it.A.have wordsB. have a wordC. have the wordD. have the lastword3.______ more societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a loomingproblem of knowledge management.A.Given thatB. ProvidedC. UnlessD. While4.Psychologists maintain that the nature of human beings entails a strong need to _____their free time; idleness can be as stressful as activity.A.endangerB. preserveC. consumeD. organize5._____ age twenty, Robert Kelly left KCRA, Inc. to enroll _____ the University ofCalifornia at Davis.A. at; atB. at; inC. upon; inD. on; at6.We had the unmeasured _____ of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us.A. threatenB. misfortuneC. flinchD. menace7.I _____ the Head Master’s permission to alter darker to sterner. “Not less we praise insterner days.”A. have obtainedB. acquireC. had possessedD. contained8.AIDS is said __________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the pastfew years in that region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语9.Sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. The underlinedword means ________.A. exhaustingB. dullC. annoyingD. bored10.Uncle Bubba was tough, kind, funny, and scary all _________ one, which was just whatDan and I needed.A. mix intoB. merged intoC. fixed intoD. rolled into11.In fact, as he approached his beloved daughter, he only barely resisted the________ to stroke her pretty soft hair.A. impulseB. intuitionC. instinctD. incentive12.The price of the organic vegetable will vary according to how far it has to betransported and how expensive the freight ________ is.A. paymentB. chargeC. fundD. price13.As the temperature dropped abruptly, the campers were ________ all overwith cold.A. spinningB. shiveringC. shakingD. staggering14.The English language contains a (an) ________ of words which are comparativelyseldom used in ordinary conversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude15.The mayor expressed his heart-felt gratitude through the reporters for the timelyassistance and support the people from other cities had kindly ________ to hiscitizens.A. renderedB. securedC. soughtD. furnished16.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________familiarity with technology.A. by means ofB. in terms ofC. in quest ofD. by virtue of17.Lucy ________ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn’tdecided yet.A.consideredB. had consideredC.is going to considerD. has been considering(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语18.Many reporters hurried to the airport, ________ that the superstar had already left.A.had been toldB. being toldC.only to be toldD. unfortunately told19.Once you become a soldier, you will be given a monthly ________ by the army.A. incomeB. allowanceC. wageD. salary20.The Olympic Games ________ in 776 B. C. in Olympia, a small town in Greece.A. originatedB. stemmedC. derivedD. descendedSection B: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 21 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 22 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 23 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 24 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 25 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 26 a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 27 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 28 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 29 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 30 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 31 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 32 with them up to a year, 33 they can build a flew house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 34 , but not common .Divorced persons are 35 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 36 property he or she 37 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 38 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 39 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 40 the woman must wait the months.21. A. by way of B. as well as C. on behalf of D. with regard to(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语22. A. adapt to B. provide for C. compete with D. decide on23. A. close B. renew C. arrange D. postpone24. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example25. A. Although B. Lest C. After D. Unless26. A. into B. within C. from D. through27. A. sine B. or C. but D. so28. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create29. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying30. A. lighting B. passing C. hiding D. serving31. A. meeting B. association C. collection D. union32. A. grow B. part C. deal D. live33. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if34. A. obtain B. follow C. challenge D. avoid35. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed36. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever37. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed38. A. divided B. invested C. donated D. withdrawn39. A. clears B. warms C. shows D. breaks40. A. while B. so what C. once D. in thatPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points: 2×20)Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You are expected to make the best choice.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passageA number of scientific studies have found that the amount of sugar we consume is a major factor in how big Americans have become. In the last half century, consumption of sugars by the average American has increased by more than 24 pounds a year, expanding waistlines and crowding out more nutritious foods.Furthermore, the studies indicate that the main dietary culprit for both the increase in sugar and the weight of Americans has been the ever-growing consumption of sugary drinks, especially soda. These soft drinks contribute 7 percent of the calories Americans consume, making them the leading source of added sugar and the single largest source of calories in our diet.Critics have repeatedly blamed high-fructose corn syrup, the inexpensive sweetener that has helped to keep soda prices down and allowed consumption to soar. But in fact, no(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语sugary beverage and no caloric sweetener is blameless. Not ordinary table sugar; not brown sugar or raw sugar; not honey; not even fruit juice concentrate.All these sweeteners when added to drinks contribute mostly empty calories that do little to satisfy the appetite and end up as excess energy that the body ultimately turns to fat. And soda, though the most common sugary beverage, is not the only one involved. In fact, after decades of increases, soda consumption has leveled off, but sports drinks, energy drinks and sweetened teas have become increasingly important contributors to the liquid calories Americans consume.To improve the health of its residents and its coffers, New York State is considering a consumption tax of about one penny per ounce on high-calorie sweetened beverages.The American Beverage Association, which takes major credit for an 88 percent reduction in sugared soda calories in the nation’s schools, has seriously undermined its credibility with ads opposing the so-called soda tax.In association-sponsored commercials on television and radio, housewives spout the ridiculous argument that such a tax would make it more difficult for them to feed their families.But on no nutritionist’s list are you likely to find soda listed as a desirable dietary ingredient. It is not a food, nor a basic necessity. In fact, the people likely to benefit most from a soda tax that discourages consumption are those who find it hardest to make ends meet. These are the people who can least afford to waste hard-earned dollars on empty calories that undermine their health.41. What have many studies found according to the first two paragraphs?A. Americans’ diet contains too many nutritious foods.B. Soda is one major contributor to Americans’ obesity.C. Americans’ diet has the largest number of calories.D. Americans consume the most sugars in the world.42. What can we know about the empty calories from the passage?A. They make people have no appetite.B. They will turn to fat at last.C. They are Americans’ basic necessity.D. They are bad for people’s health.43. What measure does New York State want to take to improve its people’s health?A. It is planning to impose taxes on sugary drinks with high calories.B. It is considering limiting the amount of liquid calories Americans consume.C. It limits the amount of sugar added to the sugary drinks.D. It encourages the sellers to raise the price of the drinks with high calories.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语44. Why does the American Beverage Association lose its credibility?A. It doesn’t think all the sugary drinks are harmful.B. It opposes reducing its nation schools’ soda calories.C. It doesn’t support the so-called soda tax.D. It discourages people to consume soda drinks.45. What is housewives’ attitude towards the soda tax?A. Indifferent.B. Supporting.C. Suspicious.D. Disapproving.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.　In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.　An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.　In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.　46. What is the main purpose of the passage?　A. To explain the science of economics.　B. To outline types of economic systems.　C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system.　D. To compare barter and money exchange markets.　47. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best bereplaced?　(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语A. High quality.B. Concrete.C. Utter.D. Essential.48. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to____. A. rapid speed of transactions　B. misunderstandings　C. inflation　D. difficulties for the traders　49. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administeredsystem?　A. Individual households.　B. Small businesses.C. Major companies.　D. The government.　50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining aperson’s position in a traditional society?A. Family backgroundB. AgeC. Religious beliefs.D. CustomQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any advantage point. Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture.　One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic（天气的）meteorology.Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagram. The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts. The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology.　.51.The best title for the passage is ____.A.The Basics of Dynamic MeteorologyB.The Limitations of Meteorological ForecastingC.Approaches to the Science of MeteorologyD.New Advances in Synoptic Meteorology52.Which of the following is not referred to by the author as a field whose needs areserved by weather forecasting?A.Sports.B. Transportation.C. Manufacturing.D. Farming.53.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the thirdparagraph of the passage?A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B.Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance.C.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.D.A problem is examined and possible solutions are given.54.The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to____.A.greater protection of human lifeB.more funds allocated to meteorological researchC.a higher number of professional forecastersD.less-specialized forms of synoptic meteorology55.In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase "these tools" refers to____.A.mathematics and physicsB.weather forecastsC.meteorological problemsD.economic advantageQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Historians of women's labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid women's work in the(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipator in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women's employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women's "real" aspirations were for marriage and family lire, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as "female".More remarkable than the original has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female", employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United. States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs that women had been permitted to master..56.According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was ________.A.perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women'semployment In wage laborB.one means by which women achieved greater job securityC.reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages wereobviousD.a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry57.According to the passage, historians of women's labor focused on factory work as amore promising area of research than service-sector work because factorywork________.A.involved the payment of higher wagesB.required skill in detailed tasksC.was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregationD.was more readily accepted by women than by men(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语58.It can be inferred from the passage that the "unfinished revolution" the author mentionsin highlight text refers to the________.A.recognition that work done by women as homemakers should be compensated atrates comparable to those prevailing in the service sector of the economyB.development of a new definition of femininity unrelated to the economic forces ofindustrialismC.introduction of equal pay for equal work in all professionsD.emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation.59.Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passageconcerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?A.patientB.repetitiveC.hoaryD.homemaking60.Which of the following statements is true about hiring policies in the United States?A.After a crisis many formerly "male" jobs are reclassified as "female" jobs.B.Industrial employers generally prefer to hire women with previous experience ashomemakers.C.Post-Second World War hiring policies caused women to lose many of theirwartime gains in employment opportunity.D.Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women forfactory workPart III Writing (30 points)Directions:Based on the information given below, please write an essay of about 400 words on the Answer Sheet. You have 60 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay.Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between rich people and poor people, while others say that technology has the opposite effect.Discuss these points of view. What’s your opinion?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience or knowledge.宁波大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语第 11 页共 11 页。

宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A 卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业:英语笔译第1页共9页Part I.Vocabulary and Grammar (30points:20for Section A,and 10for Section B)Section A:There are 20incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Even though he was guilty,the ________judge did not send him to prison.A.mercifulB.impartialC.conscientiousD.conspicuous2.The education ________for the coming year is about $4billion,which is much more than what people expected.A.allowance B.reservation C.budget D.finance3.They had fierce ________as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken year ago.A.debateB.clashC.disagreementD.context4.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour,but still could not make _____of them.A.impressionprehensionC.meaningD.sense 5.The politician says he will ________the welfare of the people.A.prey onB.take onC.get atD.see to6.If you ________the bottle and cigarettes,you’ll be much healthier.A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.set off7.He was ________to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.A.draggedB.temptedC.elicitedD.attracted8.Beijing somewhat short sighted,she had the habit of ________at people.A.glancing B.peering C.gazing D.scanning9.Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world,the ________majority are inactive.A.tremendousB.demandingC.intensiveD.overwhelming10.In general,matters which lie entirely within state borders are the ________concern of state governments.A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive 11.The food was rather ________and needed gingering up.A.slipperyB.inscribeC.invisibleD.insipid12.I don't ________expert knowledge of this subject.A.professB.confessC.confirmD.confront13.He had no ________about his talents as a singer.A.illuminationsB.illustrationsC.allusionsD.illusions14.There is not much time left;so I’ll tell you about it ________.A.in detail B.in brief C.in short D.in all15.In this factory,suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully ________.A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered16.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,________a sudden loud noise.。

2016年宁波大学661基础英语考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Little donkeys with harmonious tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people.（分数：0.50）A.pushB.zigzagC.killD.work2.“See? This is where it is.” He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.（分数：0.50）A.pointed outB.roughed outC.stretched outD.fetched out3.The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps.（分数：0.50）A.killsB.murdersC.mufflesD.deafens4.She has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky flowers.（分数：0.50）A.greatly beautifulB.greatly tactfulC.conventionally beautifulD.conventionally tactful5.After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below.（分数：0.50）A.substantialB.heart-stirringC.cordialD.heartfelt6.“One thing I'd like to know. I got a curious nature, ma'am. How'd you figure where he was?”（分数：0.50）A.numberB.drawC.guessD.symbolize7.In Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago was a fisherman by trade.（分数：0.50）merceB.exchangeC.barterD.profession8.Digitalization is a mathematical scheme that translates data into the simplest form.（分数：0.50）A.changesB.makesC.treatsD.deals9.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications.（分数：0.50）A.significancesB.consequencesC.implied meaningsD.sequences10.I was offered my teaching job back but I declined.（分数：0.50）A.inclinedB.reclinedC.refusedD.incurred11.Some industry observers predict the development of two parallel home markets.（分数：0.50）A.homelyB.nativeC.localD.domestic12.Piquette must have been seventeen then, although she looked about twenty. I stared at her, astounded that anyone could have changed so much.（分数：0.50）A.overwhelmedB.greatly surprisedC.worriedD.frightened13.Hitler's blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.（分数：0.50）A.ambitionB.stomachC.bellyD.intestines14.Burne-Wilke's cabin had the dark, warm, comfortable look of a library den. “I say, Henry, what is your position on shipboard drinking? I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”（分数：0.50）A.much-contentedB.justC.niceD.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.（分数：0.50）A.evolveB.runC.developD.roll16.Mr. President, I second the proposal! (A silence; Hancock swats a fly.)（分数：0.50）A.succeedB.proposeC.supportD.stand17.The house detective's gaze moved on to sweep the spacious, well-appointed room.（分数：0.50）A.cleanB.mopC.clearD.examine18.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.（分数：0.50）A.work hardB.feel hotC.fall illD.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair, she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.（分数：0.50）A.pretendB.uncoverC.preventD.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.（分数：0.50）A.imposedB.describedC.inscribedD.subscribed三、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________22.I went back to my room with a heavy heart. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs, or the simple, everyday kitchenware used in this country.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________24.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war, it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________25.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________26.It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been through it often before. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________27.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race, creed, or party.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________28.Ever-increasing production, the drive to make bigger and better things, have become aims in themselves, new ideals. Work has become alienated from the working person.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________29.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________30.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Radical feminists, however, remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism. Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,” movement activists 【A1】 ________ as Casey Hayden and Mary King began【A2】________ organize women against the male domination 【A3】 ________ SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society), and【A4】 ________ groups. Despite the radical community's support 【A5】________ equal rights, they asserted, New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties 【A6】________ other minor tasks. Feminists also complained 【A7】 ________ the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women 【A8】 ________ treating them 【A9】 ________ playthings and objects 【A10】 ________ conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility, New Left women introduced “rap” sessions to share 【A11】 ________ complaints and address gender identity issues. 【A12】 ________ 1968, 200 【A13】 ________ feminists organized 【A14】 ________ first women's liberation demonstration. Calling themselves the Women's International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH), activists projected 【A15】 ________ “sexism” and capitalism's “objectification” of women's bodies. They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture” such as brassieres and high-heeled 【A16】 ________ into a “freedom trash can.” Feminists focused 【A17】 ________ women's control of their 【A18】 ________ bodies with an agenda【A19】 ________ included the right to legal abortions, distribution of birth control literature, and passage of tougher laws【A20】 ________ rape and spousal abuse.（分数：20）(1).【A1】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________(2).【A2】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________(3).【A3】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________(4).【A4】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________(5).【A5】（分数：1）(6).【A6】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (7).【A7】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (8).【A8】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (9).【A9】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (10).【A10】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (11).【A11】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (12).【A12】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (13).【A13】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (14).【A14】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (15).【A15】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (16).【A16】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (17).【A17】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (18).【A18】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________ (19).【A19】（分数：1）(20).【A20】（分数：1）填空项1:__________________五、Error Detection and Correction(总题数：1，分数：20.00)As a human beings, you have maintained across time a core 【B1】________ sense of self, thanks in good part as memory. Nevertheless, the I that 【B2】________ is you is daily modified by what you experience, by what you were 【B3】________ learning and coming to know. Five year ago, you were not the same 【B4】________ person you are today; ten years hence, you will not precisely the 【B5】________ person you now are. As you are age, you steadily accumulate 【B6】________ knowledge, some of it formally, some of it informally. Considering 【B7】________ some of the things you know in present——about history, aboutpeople, 【B8】________ about work, about etiquette, about science, about style. Then think 【B9】________about what you garnered that knowledge. Chances is that some of it 【B10】________you acquired formally in school: what you to know about the 【B11】________contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy, your 【B12】________understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry, your ability 【B13】________to differentiate satire from irony. Some things you may have learn 【B14】________through a combination of formally instruction, observation and 【B15】________practice: how to work successful in a group, how to wait on 【B16】________customers efficiently and courteously, how to apply brakes skillfully 【B17】________in traffics, how to cut food with a knife, what clothes to wear to the 【B18】________prom. And some knowledge you probable acquired almost 【B19】________exclusively from extended experience: what acquaintances to trust and 【B20】________not to trust, what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal 【B21】________to you, what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study. 【B22】________（分数：20.0）(1).【B1】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).【B2】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).【B3】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).【B4】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).【B5】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).【B6】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).【B7】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).【B8】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9).【B9】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).【B10】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (11).【B11】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (12).【B12】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (13).【B13】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (14).【B14】（分数：1）(15).【B15】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________(16).【B16】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________(17).【B17】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________(18).【B18】（分数：1）__________________________________________________________________________________________(19).【B19】（分数：0.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(20).【B20】（分数：0.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(21).【B21】（分数：0.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(22).【B22】（分数：0.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、Sentence Paraphrase (总题数：1，分数：10.00)【C1】 Britain's merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days; it is almost a forgotten industry. Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation's economy. Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.【C2】 Shipping is also a significant British success story. It earns over £1000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings: without our merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit, despite North Sea oil. But, today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before. 【C3】On almost all the major sea routes of the world, the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries 【C4】who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies, and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies; and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,【C5】who are bent on taking over the lion's share of the trade between Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.（分数：10）(1).【C1】（分数：2）__________________________________________________________________________________________(2).【C2】（分数：2）(3).【C3】（分数：2）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).【C4】（分数：2）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).【C5】（分数：2）__________________________________________________________________________________________七、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’, your reaction may simply be to feel sorry. For the linguist, though, even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation. As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned, a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used; it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate), and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings. Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence, but would exclude sentences like We car has broken down or our car has jumped up as not well-formed. The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable. For the individual words a set of ‘objective’ semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure. Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’, ‘concrete’, ‘movable’ and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory, it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature. This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’ in the original sense of the word (i.e. ‘related to knowledge’). However, it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’ that our topic is about. To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’, we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term, cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view. Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection, a more practical and empirical path should be pursued. For example, one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences. As experiments have shown, people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape, that it has wheels, doors, and windows, that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel, an accelerator and brakes, and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers. More likely than not, it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast, that it offers mobility, independence and perhaps social status. Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair, or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.（分数：10.0）(1).What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?（分数：2.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(2).What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?（分数：2.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________(3).How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?（分数：2.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).What is the claim of the experiential view?（分数：2.5）__________________________________________________________________________________________九、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e., mainstream) community's angry, sometimes violent reaction to the hippies. There are many reasons for this. The principal one is appearance. The hippies dress strangely. They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma: the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos, fears, and personality games. People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly. Therefore, to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring: the camouflage of respectable appearance. The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce. It means (whether true or not): “I'm not one of the predators.” It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness. Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm, a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind. They see it as a challenge. They are fearful, unsure of themselves, and fear sours into anger. It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good”. The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage. Their non-participation, in effect, exposes them as another tribe, whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything, and therefore a danger. That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall, that shrine of Squaredom. Why else, I submit, does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter's Point, the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies' rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals: steady lucrative employment, and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money, building (always building) security for the future. It is precisely this security hypochondria, this checking of bank book rather than pulses, this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets, that drive the youth of today away. It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years, wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off, that the kids got through school in order to get “good” jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble, later on. The parents' reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired, alienated from their children, and just as often each parent from the other.（分数：10.0）(1).The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.（分数：2.5）A.正确B.错误(2).For middle class, to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.（分数：2.5）A.正确B.错误(3).The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.（分数：2.5）A.正确B.错误(4).The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.（分数：2.5）A.正确B.错误十、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)31.The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point. There are many reasons for this: British English is the old variety, and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige, at least in Europe and in former English colonies, than American English. Until not so long ago, American English was considered less educated, less cultured, less beautiful than British English. Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent, and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers. This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions: Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world, whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation: The majority of the world's native speakers of English are Americans, about 240 million people. They make up the majority of the 400 million native speakers, compared with about 57 million speakers in Britain. They speak English with American pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television, and more American English is used in international business, computing, and science. Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English, sometimes presenting American English as an aberration, often just in the form of a collection of words to learn. There are some useful books on American English, mostly designed for college or university use, that deal with vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation, but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________十一、Writing(总题数：1，分数：50.00)32.Directions: Now in universities or colleges, some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students. The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country. That is, the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job; the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work. What is your purpose to read for MA? Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam? In the following topic of writing, please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons. You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction, argumentation and conclusion in about 400 words. Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.（分数：50.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：122.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Even though he was guilty, the______judge did not send him to prison.（分数：2.00）A.merciful √B.impartialC.conscientiousD.conspicuous解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。

让步状语从句中的guilty(有罪的)和主句的意思(法官没有把他送进监狱)表明，该法官是一个“仁慈的”人，故merciful(仁慈的，宽厚的)为答案。

impartial意为“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意为“认真的，勤勤恳恳的”；conspicuous意为“显眼的，明显的”，均与让步状语从句的意思不符，故均排除。

2.The education______for the coming year is about $ 4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.（分数：2.00）A.allowanceB.reservationC.budget √D.finance解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。

根据句意“来年的教育______约为40亿美元，这远远超出人们的预期”可知，横线处应填和“钱”有关的词，可首先排除reservation(预订；保留)。

allowance意为“(定期发给的)津贴，补助”，不符合$4 billion(40亿美元)的语义，故排除。

根据空后的the coming year(来年)可确定，本题答案为budget(预算，预算拨款)。

finance(财政，金融)是指管理货币、债务、信贷和投资的商业或政府活动，也与语义不符，故排除。

3.They had fierce______as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.（分数：2.00）A.debate √B.clashC.disagreementD.context解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。

2016年宁波大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20pts. for Section A, and 10pts. for Section B)Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. Even though he was guilty, the _____ judge did not send him to prison.A. mercifulB. impartialC. conscientiousD. conspicuous【答案】A【解析】句意：虽然他犯了罪，这位仁慈的法官并没有判他进监狱服刑。

merciful仁慈的。

impartial中立的，不偏不倚的。

conscientious认真的。

conspicuous显眼的。

故选A。

2. The education _____ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.A. allowanceB. reservationC. budgetD. finance【答案】C【解析】句意：下一年的教育预算达到约40亿美元，远远高于人们期望的数额。

budget 预算。

allowance补贴。

reservation保留；预约。

finance财政，金融。

故选C。

3. They had fierce _____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.A. debateB. clashC. disagreementD. context【答案】A【解析】句意：关于公司应不应该恢复数年前破裂的贸易关系，他们展开了激烈的辩论。

2016翻译硕士英语考研真题分享2016翻译硕士英语初试落下帷幕，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，翻译硕士英语专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，翻译硕士英语题型今年是选择题，判断题、简答题、分析论述题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

翻译硕士英语分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程英语老师把翻译硕士英语的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考翻译硕士英语的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处1.选词填空，15选10，有点像六级的那种。

2.完形填空，20道。

3.选择题。

是每句话有一个划线单词，让你从四个选项中选一个能替代它的单词。

4.阅读题，四篇，最后一篇是以填空的形式5.作文，大概就是说房屋紧缺问题十分严重，尤其是在大城市，有些人认为只有政府才能解决，问你的看法。

400字。

英语翻译基础1.词条ASAP FYI GPS OMG EQ IMF MPA DHL RSVP Xmas ISO 雁门关支付宝社会主义核心价值观2015巴黎联合国气候变化大会十三五规划七夕经济结构调整义县八项规定一带一路OTC英翻中《The Aim of a University Education》-----by John Henry NewmanIf then a practical end must be assigned to a university course,I say it is that of training good members of society.Its art is the social life,and its end is fitness for the world.It neither confines its views to particular professions on the one hand,nor creates heroes or inspires genius on the other.Workers indeed of genius fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule; a university is not a birthplace of poets or of immortal authors,of founders of schools,or leaders of colonies,or conquerors of nations.It does not promise a generation of Aristotles or Newtons,of Napoleons or Washingtons,of Raphaels or Shakespears,though such miracles of nature it has before now contained within its precincts.Nor is it content on the other hand with forming the critic or the experimentalist,the economist or the engineer,although such too it includes with its scope.But a university training is the great ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society,at cultivating the public mind,at purifying the national taste,at giving enlargement and sobriety to the idea of the age,at facilitating the exercise of political power,and refining the intercourse of private life.It is the education which gives a man a clear,conscious views of his own opinions and judgments,a truth in developing them,an eloquence in expressing them,and a force in urging them.It teaches him to see things as they are,to go right to the point,to disentangle a skein ofthought,to detect what is sophistical,and to discard what is irrelevant.It prepares him to fill any post with credit,and to master any subject with facility.It shows him how to accommodate himself to others,how to throw himself into their stat of mind,how to bring before them his own,how to influence them,how to come to an understanding with them,how to bear with them.中翻英每个人都有理想和追求，都有自己的梦想。

2016年宁波大学考博英语真题及详解（A卷）SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)American cities are(1)_____other cities around the world.In every country,cities reflect the(2)_____of the culture.Cities contain the very(3)_____aspect of a society:opportunities for education,employment,and entertainment.They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime,racial conflict and poverty.American cities are changing,just(4)_____American society.After World War II,the population of(5)_____large American cities decreased;however the population in many Sun Belt cities___(6)____.Los Angeles and Houston are cities(7)_____ population increased.These population shifts to and from the city(8)_____the changing values of American society.During this time,in the(9)_____1940s and early1950s,city residents became wealthier,more prosperous.They had more children.They needed more(10)_____. They moved out their apartments in the city(11)_____their own homes.They bought houses in the(12)_____,areas near a city where people live.These are areas(13)_____many offices or factories.During the1950s the American"dream"was to have a house on the outskirts.Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the1950s are now (14)_____.They,(15)_____their parents,want to live in the cities.(16)_____continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt.Cities are(17)_____and the population is increasing in such states as Texas,Florida,and California.Others are moving to more(18)_____cities of the North-east and Midwest,such as Boston,Baltimore and Chicago.Many young professionals,doctors,lawyers, and executives are moving back into the city.They prefer the city(19)_____the suburbs because their jobs are there;they are afraid of the fuel shortage;or they just(20)_____the excitement and opportunities which the city offers.A new class is moving into the cities—a wealthier,more mobile class.1.[A]different from[B]similar to[C]better than[D]worse than2.[A]values[B]worth[C]importance[D]expense3.[A]well[B]good[C]better[D]best4.[A]likely[B]as[D]when5.[A]all[B]most[C]few[D]much6.[A]increased[B]changed[C]decreased[D]lowered7.[A]its[B]which[C]where[D]that8.[A]become[B]reflect[C]gain[D]contain9.[A]late[B]later[C]lately[D]latter10.[A]space[B]spots[C]time[D]food11.[A]buying[B]buy[C]to buy[D]bought12.[A]outskirts[B]downtown[C]districts[D]suburbs13.[A]without[B]with[C]within[D]from14.[A]managers[B]adults[C]parents[D]doctors15.[A]likely[B]like[D]unlike16.[A]Some[B]All[C]Several[D]Lots of17.[A]stretching[B]widening[C]expanding[D]prolonging18.[A]organized[B]famous[C]official[D]established19.[A]than[B]better than[C]rather than[D]to20.[A]win[B]enjoy[C]earn[D]acquire【答案与解析】1.B根据文章第二句的提示，在每个国家，城市都反映着各自国家的文化，此句的句意为，美国的城市和世界上其他的城市一样。

宁波大学考研真题861翻译与汉语（B卷）2016年-2017年入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译与汉语科目代码：861适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Part I Translation(100points)Direction:This part consists of three passages.Translate passage1from English into Chinese and passage2and3from Chinese into English.Passage1:English-Chinese Translation.(50points)It is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition.It would probably be a kinder world:with out demands,without abrasions,without disappointments.People would have time for reflection.Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the /doc/311584862.html,petition would never enter in. conflict would be eliminated,tension become a thing of the past.The stress of creation would be at an end.Art would no longer be troubling,but purely celebratory in its functions.Longevity would be increased,for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor.Anxiety would be extinct.Time would stretch on and on,with ambition long departed from the human heart.Ah,how unrelieved boring life would be!There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth,and ambition therefore a sham.Does this mean that success does not really exist?That achievement is at bottom empty?That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events now not all success, obviously,is worth esteeming,nor all ambition worth cultivating.Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on one’sown.But even the most cynical secretly admit that success exists;that achievement counts for a great deal;and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless.T o believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that is likely to be deranging.It is, in its implications,to remove all motives for competence,interest in attainment,and regard for posterity.We do not choose to be born.We do not choose our parents.We do not choose our historical epoch,the country of our birth,or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing.We do not,most of us,choose to die;nor do we choose the time or conditions of our death.But within all this realm of choicelessness,we do choose how we shall live:courageously or in cowardice,honorably or dishonorably,with purpose or in drift.We decide what is important and what is trivial in life.We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do.But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions,these choices and decisions are ours to make.We decide.We choose.And as we decide and choose,so are our lives formed.In the end,入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译与汉语科目代码：861适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.Passage2:Chinese-English Translation.(20points)中国和东盟地缘相近、血缘相亲、人文相通、商缘相联、利益相融，是天然的合作伙伴。

考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。

宁波大学年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语教学论科目代码：837 适用专业: 学科教学(英语)1.Traditional language teaching methods and communicative language teaching approach: dichotomyor continuum? (20 points)2.What is communicative competence(CC)? How to develop the learners’CC according to yourteaching or learning experience? (20 points)3.How do you assume the post-method era? Does it indicate we can abandon the language teachingmethods or approaches? (20 points)4.In terms of task-based language teaching and learning, Nunan, Feez(1998), Ellis gave differentaccounts. Please define the concept of TBLT according to Nunan and list some basic principles of. You can also show your own opinions.task-based language teaching according to Feez’s claims(20 points)5.如何理解“强任务”（strong version）和“弱任务”(weak version)。

（只有本题可用中文回答，其他各题必须用英文回答。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 x 1% = 30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers onthe Answer Sheet.1. The ________ of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely unjustified.A. populationB. popularityC. populaceD. populism2. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new born babies in that region, _____ were surprising.A．as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which3. Although some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate ______ writing a businessletter.A. in the event ofB. in the light ofC. in case ofD. in terms of4. ______ his undoubted innocence, the accused man appeared extremely nervous.A. HoweverB. DespiteC. Even thoughD. Although5. The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are split and viewed in rapid _______ to createthe illusion of movement and continuity.A. sequenceB. successionC. transmissionD. conveyance6. Operations which left patients ________ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feelingrelaxed and comfortable.A. exhaustedB. abandonedC. injured D deserted7. His honeymoon expense is rather high in _______ to his income.A. comparisonB. proportionC. associationD. calculation8. We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got __________ and we had to call the fire brigade toput it out.A. out of handB. out of orderC. out of placeD. out of way9. It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.A. partialB. beneficialC. preferableD. liable(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语10. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his _____ as he developed his own techniques.A. descendantsB. predecessorsC. successorsD. ancestors11. I’m one of the students _____ never late for school.A. that isB. who areC. who amD. who is12. The visitors, men and women, old and young, had walked for many hours. ________ of them got very tired,but _______ of them would stop to take a rest.A. All…neitherB. Both… noneC. All…noneD. Both….everyone13. I do not understand how the arranged marriage could ________ work out in the more traditional societies.A. frequentlyB. conceivablyC. naivelyD. precisely14. I wondered what her ____ to the news would be.A. impressionB. reactionC. commentD. opinion15. The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to ____ unskilledworkers.A. take placeB. take overC. take downD. take the place of16. How do you ____ for coming late for the meeting?A. explainB. excuseC. describeD. account17. The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions____ world civilization.A.toB. towardsC. withD. in18. After _____ deliberation, the foreman announced that the jury had reached verdict.A. 10 minutes ofB. 10-minutes ofC. 10 minute’sD. 10 minutes19. The student was very excited when he ____ his teacher in this important lecture.A. assistedB. insistedC. resistedD. persisted20. A funny moment in the show is _____ the bad guy falls into a pile of wet cement.A. asB. thatC. whileD. when21. Understanding this article is ____ a seven-year-old child’s capacity.A. onB. upC. downD. beyond(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语22. Jill would rather that his girl friend ____ in the same department as he does.A. studiedB. should studyC. studyD. had studied23. Bob had been ____ on a meadow sprinkled with dandelion for a long time before he sat up.A. laidB. lyingC. lainD. laying24. There are signs ____ Internet are becoming more and more popular with teenagers.A. thatB. whoseC. whatD. which25. She had no objection to ____ the airplane ticket which would send her to Geneva.A. to takeB. takingC. of takingD. to taking26. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ____ forit.A. as much twiceB. much as twiceC. as twice muchD. twice as much27. He _______ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act28. ______ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on29. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____ ourthinking.A. upon which to baseB. which to base uponC. which to be based onD. to base on which30. Some areas, ____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.A. due toB. but forC. in spite ofD. with regard toPart II. Reading Comprehension (40%)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 ×1%=20%)Directions: There are seven passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide onthe best choice and write on the Answer Sheet.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Passage 1In the fall of 1924 Thomas Wolfe, fresh from his course in playwright at Harvard, joined the eight or ten of us who were teaching English composition in New York University. I had never before seen a man so tall as he, and so ungraceful. I pitied him and went out of my way to help him get adjusted to his work and to make him feel at home．His students soon let me know that he had no need of my protectiveness. They spoke of his ability to describe a simple event in such a manner as to have them roar with laughter or struggling to keep back their tears，of his readiness to quote in detail from any poet they could name, of his habit of writing three pages of comment on a student’s one-page composition, and of his astonishing ease in expressing in words anything he had seen or heard or tasted or felt．Indeed, his students made so much of his powers of observation that I decided to make a little test and see for myself. My opportunity came one morning when the students were slowly gathering for nine-o’clock classes．Upon arriving at the university that day, I found Wolfe alone in the large room which served all the English composition teachers as an office. He made no protest when I asked him to come with me out into the hall, and he only smiled when we reached a classroom door and I told him to enter alone and look around．He stepped in, remained no more than thirty seconds and then came out. “Tell me what I see,” I said as I took his place in the room, leaving him in the hall with his back to the door. Without the least hesitation and without a single error, he gave the number of seats in the room, identified those which were occupied by boys and those occupied by girls, named the colors each student was wearing, pointed out the Latin verb written on the blackboard, spoke of the chalk marks which the cleaner had failed to wash from the floor, and pictured in detail the view of Washington Square from the windows．As I rejoined Wolfe, I was speechless with amazement. He, on the contrary, was wholly calm as he said. “The worst thing about it is that I’ll remember it all．”1．Which of the following statements is true of Thomas Wolfe?A．He failed to finish his course at Harvard．B．He began teaching right after his graduation．C．He regarded New York University as his home．D．He had a polite manner．2．What did the author think of Thomas Wolfe?A．He was not satisfied with his job．B．He felt uncomfortable in his work．C．He was not good at teaching．(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语D．He was unfamiliar with his students．3．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Wolfe’s students praised his power of observation．B．The author performed an experiment on Wolfe’s ability．C．Wolfe’s students asked the author to have a test of their ability．D．Wolfe did not feel angry when he was tested．Passage 2Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they'll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world's attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we're all hot-tempered single mothers who can't keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can't escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they'd like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that's been around for far too long.4. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A. They are victims of family violence.B. They are of an inferior social group.C. They use quite a lot of body language.D. They live on charity and social welfare.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语5. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A. Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B. How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C. How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D. What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.6. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A. However many fans she has, she should remain modest.B. She shouldn't disappoint the African-American community.C. However hard she tries, she can't expect to please everybody.D. She will give priority to African-American women's concerns.Passage 3The success of a speech is often attributed to the skill of the speaker, with merit being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter?Well according to a recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills, be detail-oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form.So what about those of us who do not possess such genius? Can we still produce successful speeches? In an interview with the BBC, Dr Max Atkinson (a communications specialist) outlined a number of speechwriting techniques. He also illustrated how these techniques have been used in historic speeches. One such technique is introducing contrast. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive spin on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country." Another technique is the use of three-part lists. Dr Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign slogans was "education, education, education".These techniques can be used like tools - they can be chosen from a toolbox and applied as necessary. A few other techniques you might find in a speechwriter's toolbox might be the use of imagery, anecdotes and alliteration. So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语7. According to the passage, all of the following are techniques often used in political speech except ________.A. contrastB. alliterationC. metaphorsD. three-part lists8. Which of the following is NOT a skill required of a good public speaker?A. confidenceB. ConvictionC. knowledgeD. a deep voicePassage 4There was a rich merchant who had 4 wives. He loved the 4th wife the most and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best.He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He's very proud of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.He too, loved his 2nd wife. She is a very considerate person, always patient and in fact is the merchant's confidante. Whenever the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him out and tide him through difficult times.Now, the merchant's 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, "Now I have 4 wives with me. But when I die, I'll be alone. How lonely I'll be!"Thus, he asked the 4th wife, "I loved you most, endowed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No way!" replied the 4th wife and she walked away without another word. The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the merchant's heart. The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, "I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I'm dying, will you follow me and keep me company?" "No!" replied the 3rd wife. "Life is so good over here! I'm going to remarry when you die!" The merchant's heart sank and turned cold.He then asked the 2nd wife, "I always turned to you for help and you've always helped me out. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?" "I'm sorry, I can't help you out this time!" replied the 2nd wife. "At the very most, I can only send you to your grave." The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.Then a voice called out : "I'll leave with you. I'll follow you no matter where you go." The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved,(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语the merchant said, "I should have taken much better care of you while I could have!"Actually, we all have 4 wives in our lives:a. The 4th wife is our body. No matter how much time and effort we lavish in making it look good, it'll leave us when we die.b. Our 3rd wife is our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.c. The 2nd wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we're alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.d. The 1st wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit of material, wealth and sensual pleasure. Guess what? It is actually the only thing that follows us wherever we go. Perhaps it's a good idea to cultivate and strengthen it now rather than to wait until we're on our deathbed to lament.9. What is the implied meaning of the sentence that describes his first wife as “so skinny, almost like shesuffered from malnutrition.” (paragraph 8)?A. His first wife was growing old.B. His first wife had an eating disorder.C. He failed to nourish his spirit.D. He failed to protect his wealth.10. From the passage, we can conclude that ________.A. A life devoted to business is a worthy life.B. One should only have a single wife.C. The second wife is callous.D. Death shows us what is most important in life.Passage 5We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade！Besides, it is rather unreal to grade pupils just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively in order to have the ability to become leaders. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks , and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is suitable. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.11. We can know from the passage that the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is ________.A. approvingB. disapprovingC. questioningD. inactive12. According to the passage, mixed-ability teaching ________.A. has both merits and demeritsB. Discourages the children who are left behindC. enables the bright children to learn betterD. fails to acknowledge the gap between top and bottom students13. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A. Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.B. Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activitiesC. Group work gives pupils the chance to learn to work together with others.D. Group work supply pupils with the chance to learn to be good organizers.Passage 6I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me--a potential to live, you might call it--which I didn't see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. "I can't use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." The words stuck in my head. "Roll it around! " By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.14. We can learn from the beginning of the passage thatA. the author lost his sight because of a car crash.B. the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen.C. the disaster made the author appreciate what he had.D. the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see.15. According to the context, "a chair rocker on the front porch" in paragraph 3 means that the authorA. would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his life.B. was paralyzed and stayed in a rocking chair.C. would lose his will to struggle against difficulties.D. would sit in a chair and stay at home.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语16. According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the man_______A. hurt the author's feeling.B. gave the author a deep impression.C. directly led to the invention of ground ball.D. inspired the author.17. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?A. The author set goals for himself but only invited failure most of the time.B. The author suggested not trying something beyond one's ability at the beginning.C. The bitterness of failure prevented the author from trying something out of reach.D. Because of his limitations, the author tried to reach one goal at a time.Passage 7Today, more and more people are using credit cards instead of money to buy the things they need. Almost anyone who has a steady income and continuous work record can apply for a credit card. If you have a credit card, you buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by changing the cost to your account. You can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company of the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your bill. This is very convenient for customers. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks. Also if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don't have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft.Credit cards are big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit card companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company ―a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installment.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211 总分值：100 科目名称：翻译硕士英语customers if they charge more than they can pay for. Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash is actually passed on to all consumers in higher prices. In this way, the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.18. According to the passage, nearly everyone can apply for credit cards if he or she can prove to be ________.A. a dependable and honest personB. a person with an income and work experienceC. a person with work experience but no regular incomeD. a person with a regular income and an unbroken work record19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a channel for the credit card company to make a profit?A. Membership fees for credit card users.B. A heavy fine for overdue payments.C. Service charges for stores that accept credit cards.D. Service charges for card users who pay back over a period.20. The author’s purpose of writing this article is to ________.A. persuade people to use credit cardsB. warn people of the danger of using credit cardsC. explain how credit card business worksD. explain how to use credit cardsSECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (10 ×2%=20%)Directions: In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the question with NO more than ten words in the space provided on Answer Sheet.Passage 11. What is the students’ opinion of Thomas Wolfe?。

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：863 总分值：150 科目名称：德汉互译(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：863 总分值：150 科目名称：德汉互译入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:德汉互译科目代码：863适用专业:德语语言文学I.Versuchen Sie,den folgenden Text ins Chinesische zuübersetzen(75Punkte):Montag，27.März,1944 Liebe Kitty!Ein sehr großes Kapitel in der…Geschichte unserer Untertauchzeit（躲藏期间，潜伏期间）“müßte eigentlich die Politik einnehmen,aber da ich mich nicht soviel damit beschäftige,habe ich sie zu sehr links liegen lassen.Darum will ich nun einen ganzen Brief nur der Politik widmen.Dassüber dieses Problem die verschiedenen Auffassungen bestehen,ist selbstverständlich,dass in dieser verwirrenden Kriegszeit fortgesetzt darüber diskutiert wird,ist auch logisch,aber dass soviel darüber gestritten wird,ist einfach dumm.Lasst sie wetten,lachen,schelten,schimpfen,alles können sie tun,meinetwegen können sie platzen! Aber nur kein Streit,denn der hat meistens böse Folgen.Die Menschen,die von draußen kommen, bringen häufig viele unwahre Neuigkeiten mit.Unser Radio hat bis jetzt noch nie gelogen.Hier im Hinterhaus ist die Stimmung,soweit sie Politik betrifft,wohl immer gleich.In den zahllosen Debattenüber Invasion,Bombardements,Ministerreden w.hört man auch zahllose Meinungen:…Unmöglich!“...…Um Gottes willen,wenn sie nun erst anfangen,wann soll das enden?“…Es geht prima,ausgezeichnet,kann gar nicht besser sein.“Optimisten,Pessimisten und,nicht zu vergessen,die Realisten–alle geben unermüdlich ihre Meinung zum besten,und wie das immer ist:Jeder denkt,dass nur er allein recht hat.Eine gewisse Dameärgert sich sehr,dass ihr Herr Gemahl so rückhaltloses Vertrauen zu den Engländern hat.Der Herr fällt seine Dame an wegen der spöttischen,geringschätzigen Ausdrücke gegen die von ihm geliebte Nation.Sie langweilen sich nie dabei.Ich habe etwas herausgefunden,und die Wirkung ist todsicher.Es ist,als ob Du jemand mit Nadel stichst und er dann hochspringt.Genau so wirkt mein Mittel.Fange nur ein Wort an von Politik und die ganze Familie sitzt mitten drin!Als ob die deutschen Wehrmachtsberichte und die vom BBC noch nicht genügten,gibt es seit kurzem auch noch eine…Luftlagemeldung“,ebenso faszinierend wie andererseits auch oft enttäuschend.Die Engländer machen aus ihrer Luftwaffe einen Tag-und Nachtbetrieb am laufenden Band(so wie die Deutschen aus ihren Lügen).Morgens früh wird schon Radio gehört und dann jede Stunde bis abends9 oder10Uhr,manchmal auch bis11,ein schlagender Beweis,dass die Erwachsenen zwar viel Geduld haben,aber doch etwas schwer von Begriff sind(ungeachtet einiger Ausnahmen,ich will niemand zu nahe treten).Mit einem,höchstens zweimal Radiohören pro Tag sollte man eigentlich genug haben! Arbeiterprogramm,Oranje-Sender Frank Philips,Ihre Majestät die Königin,alle kommen an die Reihe und für alle finden ich willige Hörer.Wenn sie nicht gerade beim Essen sind oder schlafen,sitzen sie am Radio und reden von Essen und Schlafen und natürlichüber Politik.Na,es wird schon sehr langweilig und es ist eine Kunst,dabei kein trockenes altes Mütterchen zu werden!Ein Ideales Beispiel ist eine Rede des von uns allen sehr verehrten Winston Churchill.入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:德汉互译科目代码：863适用专业:德语语言文学II.Versuchen Sie,den folgenden Text ins Deutsche zuübersetzen(75Punkte):1.我问姐姐，你说死是怎么回事？姐姐平静地说——我不知道她为什么会有这样的生死观——死就和睡觉了一样嘛。