英语听力入门step_by_step_3000_1

英语听力3000入门答案【篇一：英语听力入门3000unit1】al relationscontents:1. news reports2. anti-piracy mission3. speechesgoals:1. to train students to recognize key words and phrases in listening2. to develop students’ ability to identify significant information in listening3. to train students to summarize the materials through listeningteaching methods:students’ listening; group discussion; teacher’s instructionduration:90 minutesi.a. warming upwords:n. soldier who engages in irregular warfare (usually a member of a loosely organized band of soldiers which utilizes hit-and-run methods to fight the enemy)deplete---- reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth) 大量削减（某物）的数量﹑能力或价值; 消耗: our stock of food is greatly depleted. 我们的食物储备已消耗殆尽. * this expense has depleted our funds. 这笔花费已使我们的资金所剩无几. * a lake depleted of fish, ie with many of the fish gone 几乎无鱼的湖.uranium ----- chemical element, a heavy grey radioactive metal used as a source of nuclear energy 铀.disquiet: anxietythe strength of the dollar is causing considerable disquiet on the stock exchange. 美元表现坚挺在证券交易所中引起很大的不安. ammunition: supply of bullets, bombs, etc. fired from weapons 弹药kosovo科索沃---- 塞尔维亚共和国（serbia）东南部的一个自治省，南部与阿尔巴尼亚（albania）和马其顿（macedonia）毗邻。

Step by Step3000Unit 1Part 1A:1.Oxford, commitment, academic record.2.oldest, largest, reputation, research, science.3.first, Australia, 150 years, excels.4.excellence, 17.000, locationrgest, 1883, situated, 26.0006.1636, enrollment, 18.500, schools.7.awards, degrees, 20.0008.located, 135, thirdB:1: 2.700 languages, 7.000 dialects. Pronunciation.2: official language3: One billion, 20 percent4: Four hundred million, first, 600 million, second, foreign. 5: 500.000 words. Eighty percent. other.6: Eighty percent, computers.7: African country, same8: 1.000, Africa9: spaceship, 1977, 55, message, the United Nations.C:1-a, 2-c, 3-d, 4-bPart 2A25 11 166 11/14 165 11; 12/13 166 about 13 16A31: GCSE examinations2: students/ higher education3: student/ second year/ high school/ college4: general exam/ School Certificate5: sitting University Entrance Examination6: bachelor’s degree: 3/4 yearsMaster’s degree: another year or twoDoctorate: a further 3-7 yearsB:B1: Idioms, largest vocabularyFrenchIn Spelling ￡pronunciationB2: FTFPart ⅢA1:ⅠA: AgeD Foreign student populationⅡA: 2: 15 hrs (＋2 or 3 for lab)3: a: ＋100b: Discussion group 15-20c: much smaller4: informal, friendly6: 2-3 hrs: 1 hrA2:ⅡB: 2: Examination4: QuizzesC: regular attendanceⅢGraduate schoolC: SeminarsD: some area of interestE: a research paperB:B2:A good student: make mistakes, every new thing, the language. Working outside the classroom.A bad student: Passive, the teacher. Stick his neck out, more likely to be right than himself.Part ⅣA:1 gate2 the History Department3 the Psychology Department4 he Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Language Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physics Department12 the Mathematics Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15 the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB:Robert MartinBiology, next fall, six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school; high school in the hometown.Science( biology in particular), sports.Unit 2Part Ⅰ16.998.00064.186.300840.0001.000.0003.320.000143.24432.4832.966.0005.105.70029.028ˉ1.3125.31536.1984.145B1.243.738.000955.220.000267.901.000199.867.000159.884.000147.105.000138.150.000125.638.000122.013.000118.369.00096.400.00082.071.000C1 .Chinese 1.300 million2. Spanish 332 million3. English 322 million4. 189 million5. 182 million6 170 million7. Russian 170 million8 Japanese 125 million9 Germon 98 million10. 75.5 million11. Korean 75 million12. French. 72 million13. Vietnamese. 67 million14. 66 million15. 64 million16. 63 million17. Turkish 59 million18 58 million19. 44 million20. Polish 44 million21. Arabic 42.5 million22. 41 millionPart ⅡA:1. A baby boy2.social, ecological, populations3.longer, healthierB:1: b 2:c 3:aPart ⅢA: water, 70%, red or brown, plant cover, snow, continents, islands, arms of the ocean, connecting, a channel, valleys, plains.B: in 1950:New York, 12 millionLondon: 2, 10 millionCalcutta: 10,Tokyo: 3In 2000:New York: 6Calcutta: 4, 16millionTokyo: 18 million1.Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4.Bombay5.Delhi6.Shanghai7.SeoulPart ⅣSkills, the main idea, what, recognize, central, important, direction, purpose, inform, compare, answer, stated, a topic sentence, first, details, difficult, persuade, end, implied, hinted at, a whole.Unit 3A: BA912, 11:20 17BA877 11:20 14BA292 11:25 19TW695 11:30 164EA831 11:35 24BA838 9IB290 11:35 15LH039 11:40 9BA666 11:40 18AI 141 6BA560 22B:Drinks: Tea Soft drinks CoffeeFood: Egg and tomato; Ham and tomato; Roast chicken ; CheeseburgersPart Ⅱ9:15 10:3010:30 13:30Advantages: by plane: Quick/beautiful viewBy train: frequent service (hourly)/modern/ comfortable/ lovely view from dining car Disadvantages: by plane: have to get Gatwick Airport/ expensiveBy train: quite crowed/ quite expensivePart ⅢCuster 1 customer 2Sep. 4-Sep. 17 Aug.5- Aug.182 doble and 1 single 1 double and 1 big bedroom with 2 singlebeds and a sofa3 1 full bathroom3( kitchen, dining room, sitting room) 2(kitchen, living-sitting room) √ ×√( six days a we ek) ×￡80 for a Fiesta ￡98 for a Fiesta√ √￡570 ￡270B: b; dUnit 4Part ⅠA1.Argentina: A tie is too personal(1)2. . Roses mean love(2)3, Even numbers(2.4.6,rtc ) are unlucky.(2)4. Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a gift.（2）B1.Japan，Korea2.Brazil, Russia3.Canada, the U.S4.Egypt, MexicoC1. February 14 ，European, North American2. March 2, Japan3. May 5, Japan4, May 5 China5. August 15 China6. April 1，European, North American7. July 14, France8. December 26，Britain, Canada9. May 1, European, Canal, Philipine, Latin American10 November 25, France11. March 17 Ireland12．the 2nd Sunday in May, England, France, India, ChinaPart ⅡA1: 1. changed, few, bored, rainy2.museum directors, what they are seeing.3.provide fun, feel at homeA2: electricity/pass/body17th century instruments/musicput on costumes/ the Stockholm Operabone-by-boneA3:Ⅰnew audiencesA: the youngC: the less educated membersⅡ: A. rebuiltB. 1. modern2. a. lighting, color and soundb. fewer objectsⅢA: guidedB: touch, listen, operate and experiment; scientific principles Ⅳ. educational; departmentA: filmB: danceB:squid; his nameC:C1: a. vendorsb. fortunec. eatinga.street performersb.portrait paintingC2: 1.a. special powers/ attract menb. objects/ for snake bites2. shells/ on a cloth/ the way they land3. round cakes/ bean flour/hot spices/ fried4. a. folk singers/ guitarsb. classical musiciansc. actors5. practice drawing and paintingPart ⅢA. A2. 1. much busi er; Monday …Saturday2. humid and hot4. much colder, ＿30℃5. much flatter; beautiful6. mountainous7. higher; rocky8. more crowed9. smaller10. tallerB.Gestures of approval:1.Thumbs up in France, latin American2.Two thumbs: Kenya3.Tunisia4.Greece5.Lebanon, Iran6.Tonga7.Italy8.Europe Latin America9.Mexico, Costa Rica, Japan10.Bolivia, Honduras, Lebanon11.Barbados12.Bangladesh13.Greece, Iran. ItalyPart ⅣB: 1-g; 2-f; 3-j; 4-I; 5-e; 6-b; 7-h; 8-a; 9-d; 10-c FFTTFUnit 5Part IA]1.Octorber 1969 / first email message2.March 1972 / addresses3.February 1976 / head of state4.fall 1976 / Jimmy Carter / US $45.September 1983 / higher education / accounts6.December 1994 / erase / destroy7.December 1998B:One feature of the information superhigha is that the traffic travles fast, and techies use their own special shorthand to keep mesages zooming along. Today we’l help you decode tach talk by answering soome not so frequently asked questions about abbreviations on the Internet.What does it mean when a message includes the letters AISI or IMHO? AISI stands for “as I see it” and IMHO is shorthand for “in my humble opinion”.Some modest folks will also add FWIW before sharing their opinion, which stand for “for what it’s worth”. Others express their disapproval with the letters CMIIW. That is “correct me if I’m wrong”The lsit of commonly abbreviated phrases on teh Net is neaerly endless. As a matter of fact, AAMOF stands for “as a matter of fact” and “believe it or not” gets posted as BION.Are there any pre-Information-Age abbreviations still making tteh rounds in this high-tech era? You bet. The old stadnbys FYI, MYOB, and SOP which stand for “for your information”, “ mind your own business,” and “standard operating procedure” are still frequently used today even in email.Since time is getting short, ahs the Net given us truly short and clear ways to say good-bye? Try TAFN (That’s all for now) and BCNU (be seein’ you).C:1.Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to thefoundation of the World Wide Web2.In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version ofemail.3.in 1990 Tim Berners-Lee wrote programs which from the basis of the World WideWeb4.in 1991 his programs were placed on the Internet.5.between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.6.right now the world is focused on e-commerce.7.The invention for the web brings rapid rewards to people wit imagination and newideas.Part IIA1Connected / system / connection / work together / stations / peopleA2Connection of railroads or other vehiclesConnected system of radio stationsSystem linking a number of computers together.原文：Few things in this world change as fast as languages. Every day, new words are created to deal with new ideas or new technologies. New meanging also are added to exisitng words. A dictionary published years ago may show one or two meanign for a word; a dictionary published today may list several more meaning for the same word. Network is one such word. It combines two words. The first is “net”, it means materials that are connected; the second is “work”. One meaning of “work” is a system. Network means a connection of systems that work together. The systems that networks connect can be very different. For example ,radio and television stations can be connected in the network, so can computers and even people.Word expert Milford Matthew found written uses of the word “network” in the late 1980s. The word then was used as a verb, a word that show action. At that time network meant the connection of railroads or other vehicles used for travel. One publication said it is only a question of time when the railroads will network an area of the American west called the “Pan Handle”. Another publication of the time said complete areas are networked by trolley cars , which are a kind of electric train.Now we often hear network used in connections with broadcasting. The Barnhart Dictionary of New English says that as early as 1914, people used it to mean a connected system of radio stations. This meaning continues to be popular. A more modern use of the word “network” is linked to computers. A network is a system that links a number of computers together. Networks make it possible for people who use computers to share information in costly equipment. Many companies and government agencies share the same computer network. The computers are linked through a main computer or through special lines. Some people are able to do their jobs from their home computers.Computers networks also permit an exchange of unofficial information and discussion between computer users. By linking their computers to telephones, people can buy goods through their computers. They can send messages to friends in many countries.Another modern use of the word “network” concerns relations between people. Ideas and information are exchanged by people who network to share interests and goals. Many Americans network to get better jobs or to meet new friends. Meeting new friends by networking is not work though is fun.BB1b. Getting assignments and research papersc.Attending professors’ “virtual office hours”d.Course lectures.Entertainment b. online gamesCommunications b. toll-free phone callse-commerce orders.原文:The proposed merger of America Online and Time Warner anticipates an age when high-speed Internet access is everything. It will be pipeline for almost all the entertainment, communications and information that people consume.It is an era so distant to most Americans that they can hardly envious it. And yet is already exists. In fact, it is the only world that today’s college students know. Colleges across the United Sates have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years wiring dormitories for high-speed Internet access.When admissions people go out and talk to students these days, the students always asks, “Do you have a high-speed network?” indeed, fro today’s students, having high-speed Internet access is a top priority. They base their housing decisions on it, and restructure their meager student budgets to afford it.College administrators acknowledge that academic pursuits are just a fraction of the activity on their campus networks. The bulk of the traffic consists of data containing music files, instant messages, toll-free phones calls, e-commerce orders, online games and just about anything.Ata a high-rise dorm at the University of Southern California, walking down the hallway on the eighth floor almost any time of dya, you’re likely to hear students in separate rooms shouting at each other --- “You killed me!” as they mow each other down in online games played over the network. Friends from opposite ends of the floor simultaneously make for the elevators. They’ve just messaged each other by computer that it’s time to head off to the dining commons. To them, knocking on someone’s door is an antiquated 20th century tradition.Today’s students regis ter for classes, get their homework assignments, research papers and attend professors’ “virtual office hours” online. Some universities even post course lectures on the Net, so that students can review them any time they wish.Just as one the students p ut it “We live our lives over the Internet.”Part IIIA1.The desktop into our everyday life.2.Experimenting anarchy3.Disappear4.EconmoniesA: we’re gonna take a closer look tonight again at the future of the Internet. Not that we have anything but the va guest idea where it’s going in the long run. One of the truly fascinating and somewhat unsettling aspects of the Internet revolution is howmany technologists and scientists say that the future may hold any number of surprises. So we’re going to inch our w ay into the future.P: At the Internet World Trade Show in New York, they see a future when the web is everywhere.St: Technology is moving from the desktop into our everyday life.P: Imagine work, society, economics, relationships, all transformed, when anyone, anytime can get any message or knowledge or amusement they want, anywhere on the planet without so much as a wire.S2: in many ways, the Internet is the world’s largest experimenting anarchy, because all of a sudden, the citizens of the world are in charge, and no single government or governing body is in charge of what they do.P: Keep in mind that the web, transmitting by satellites, cellphone, cable, goes through no one central location that anyone controls. So many of the boundaries that exist today, political and economic, will be strained as never before. Some scientists say three quarters of the world’s languages will disappear as the net connects isolated places. Already English is what you find on most web pages, blending cultures, no matter how much people try to save them. Economies are changing too. As distance becomes meaningless, white-collar clerical, accounting or administrative jobs are being exported to Asia, just as blue-collar factory jobs were years ago.S3: Imagine, there are 40 or 50 million Indians, not to mention the Chinese, who could deliver office work to the rich countries of the world for two dollars an hour. P: So this massive web of information is both an asset and a threat, changing cultures, economies, and governments, in ways no one can imagine or control.BB1Person to person / real many more real / friends1.Relatives 1. Careers2. 2. Medical cries3.Neighbors4.Colleagues5.By phone 4. Choosing a school or collegeThere’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up witha term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these days. Andnow a big research study confirms it.Barry Wellman’s term is “network individualism”. It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seems to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.Here’s what he means. Until the Internet and email came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues atwork. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.But the latest study by the Pew Int4rnet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s a good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits who shut out other people in favor of a make-believe world on flickering computer screens.To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many more real people than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on career, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or critical role in helping them deal with major life decisions.So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: We’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse.Part IVDaily communication / broadcast programs / in print / listeningFailure / digit / losses / ignoreRead / Intensive training / regularCommas / sensitivity to numbersUnit 6Part IA:1.Paris3.19324.Berlin6. Tokyo7. 19721—d 2---a 3----g 4----b 5----f 6----e 7-----c听力原文Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamois.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles. In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.The 1956 Olympic in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.B.BaseballWatch games on television or listen on the radio American footballPlay the sport soccer听力原文：What is the most popular sport in the United States? That might be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular”.One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C1—d 2--- h 3---a 4---e 5---i6---c 7---g 8--- b 9---j 10---f听力原文：Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes ----- and up ---- and down ---- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee ------ up ---- pull towards you -----and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back ------ keep your head up! And relax…. Feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position ---- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulders height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles --- that’s right ---- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK ---- if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin!Part IIAa.friendly / warm / affectionateb.drunk / aggressive / scream / shout / push people around / smash glasses /monsters2.He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly atfootball matches.3.enjoy themselves / no aggressive or violence4.rugby / tennis5.They sit there silently throughout.听力原文：M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and live near a football ground. Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’clock, 7 o’clock, drunk, aggressive --- they scream, they shout, and ….. After the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out. I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.Section 2JE: but do you think that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been…. Sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there ?M: Well, but it’s, it’s not ….it’s… In Brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’ s no aggression or violence, or … there’s nothing like that. It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches ---- go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis…M: Go to pop concerts…J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody’s seated…..BI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have on inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn’t know from concrete exam ples (1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, its it possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe ---- at any rate for short periods --- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Part IIIA1.since 19882.in 20013.in 19844.in 19605.by 2004B:1.wheelchair tennis and basketball2. a. teach all kinds of sports to disabled peopleb. for the Paralympics3. the ability to move his legs4. his body and mind again5. a. wireless earphonesb. visual interpreters听力原文：The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Lowing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.BThe Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city.The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympics Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England.A doctor named Ludwing Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War Two. Four years late, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympics Games in Athens has almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities. Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the State of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and metal disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A report from The Washington Post wanted to know what it could be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety-line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people intered in yoga, there special stretching exercises. Mattew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago.Mattew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. He had to learn to live with a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with thirteen-year-cold boy who lived his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him connect his body and mind again.Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the State of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living ---- whether we have a disability or not. Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities. Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play for a person who is blind or has limited sight.。

1 Education is a keyPart 1 warming upA1 ①oxford ②commitment ③academic record2 ①oldest ②largest ③reputation ④research ⑤science3 ①first ②Australia ③150 years ④excels4 ①excellence ②17,000 ③location5 ①largest ②1883 ③situated ④26,0006 ①1636 ②enrollment ③18,500 ④schools7 ①awards ②degrees ③20,0008 ①located ②135 ③thirdB 1 ①2,700 languages ②7,000 dialects ③regional ④pronunciation2 ①official language3 ①one billion ②20 percent4 ①four hundred million ②first ③600 million ④second ⑤foreign5 ①500,000words ②eighty percent ③other6 ①eighty percent ②computers7 ①African country ②same8 ①1,000 ②Africa9 ①spaceship ②1977 ③55 ④message ⑤the United NationC 1-a 2-c 3-d 4-bPart 2A2511 16 611 1614 5 11 1612/136 about13 16A3 1 GCSE examinations2 students/ higher education3 student/second year/high school/college4 general exam/School Certificate5 sitting University Entrance Examination6 bachelor’s degree:3/4yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3~7 yearsB1 Idioms in informal English Largest vocabulary French spelling &pronunciation B2 f t fPart 31A Age D Foreign student population 2 A 15hrs（+2 or 3for lab）+100Discussion group:15~20Much smallerInformal friendly2~3hrs:1hr University life 2 Examinations Quizzesregular attendance Seminarssome area of interest a research paperB2make mistakes passive every new thing the teacherthe language stick his neck out working outside the classroom more likely to be right than himself part4A 2 the History Department 3 the Psychology Department4 the Library5 the Education Department6 the Philosophy Department7 the Geography Department8 the Sports Ground 9 the Foreign Languages Department10 the Chinese Department 11 the Physic Department12the Mathematic Department 13 the Chemistry Department14 the Clinic 15the Auditorium16 the Administration BuildingB Robert Martin Biology Next fallSix years in a public school in the hometown ;two years in a military school ;high school in the hometown Science(biology in particular),sportsUnit2 colorful lands, colorful peoplePart116,998,000 64,186,000 840,0001,000,000 3，320，000 143，244 32，483 2，966，000 5，105，700 29，028-1，3125，315 36，1984，145B1,243,738000 955,220,000 267,901,000 199,867,000 159,884,000 147,105,000 138,150,000 125,638,000 122,013,000 118,369,000 96,400,000 82,071,000CChinese 1300million Spanish 332 English 322 Russian 189 Japanese 182 German 170 Korean 170 Vietnamese 125 Turkish 98 Polish 75.5Arabic 75 72 67 66 64 63 59 58 44 44 42.5 42.5 41Part2A 1 a bad boy 2 ①social ②ecologic ③populations 3 ①longer ②healthierB 1-b 2-c 3-aPart3A1water 2 70% 3 red or brown 4 plant cover 5 snow 6 continents 7 islands 8 arms of the ocean 9 connecting 10 a channel 11valleys 12 plainsB 2 12 million10 103 16 6 18 4B2 1.Mexico City 2.Sao Paulo 3Rio de Janeiro 4Bombay 5 Delhi 6Shanghai 7Seoul Part4 1skills 2 the main idea 3what 4recongnize 5central 6important 7direction 8purpose9inform 10 compare 11answer 12stated 13 a topic sentence 13 first 14 details 15 difficult 16 persuade 17end 18impiled 19hinted 20 a wholeUnit3 travelling from place to placeABA912 11:20 17 BA877 11:20 14 BA292 11:25 19 TW695 11:30 16 EA831 11:35 4 BA838 11:35 24 IB290 11:40 9 LH039 11:40 15 BA666 9 AI141 18 BA560 622BTea soft drinks coffee egg and tomato ham and tomato roast chicken cheeseburgers Part29:15 10:30 10:30 13:30quick/beautiful view (frequent service(hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car) have to get Gatwick airport quite crowded/quite expensivepart3sep.4-sep.17 aug.5-aug.182 double and 1 single 1double and 1 big bedroom3 1 full bathroom3(kitchen ,dining room ,sitting-room) 2(kitchen ,living-sitting room)√×√×80for a Fiesta 98 for a Fiesta(价格的符号没找到)√√570 270Bb dunit4 approaching culturepart1a tie is too personal roses mean love even numbers(2,3,6,ect)are unlucky Japanese people usually don’t give four of anything as a giftB 1 Japan Korea 2Brazil Russia 3 Canada The USA 4Egypt MexicoCDA TA AREAFebruary 14 European North AmericanMarch2 JapanMay 5 JapanMay 5 ChinaAugust15 ChinaApril1 European North AmericanJuly14 FranceDecember26 Britain CanadaMay 1 European Canada Philippine Latin AmericanNovermber25 FranceMarch17 IrelandThe 2nd Sunday England France India ChinaPart 2I 1changed 2few 3bored 4 rainy II 1museum directors 2 what they are seeing III1provide fun 2feel at homeA2Museum activities electricity /pass/ body17th century instruments/music Put on costumes/the Stockholm Opera Bone-by-boneA31 Reaching out to new audiences A the young C the less educated members2 A rebuilt B 1modern 2lighting,color and sound 3fewer objects3 A guided B touch ,listen, operate and experiment / scientific principles4 providing educational services and children`s departments A film B dance Part 2 B squid his nameC1 a vendors b fortune c eating a street performers b portrait painting C21a special powders/attract men1b objects/for snake bites2 shells/on a cloth/the way they land3 round cakes/ban four/hot spices/fried 4a folk singers/guitars4b classical musicians4c actors5 practice drawing and paintingPart3A2much busier Monday and Saturdaymuch colder -30℃much flatter humid and hotmountainoushigher rocky beautifulmore crowded tallersmallerB左1France Latin American 右1Kenya 左2Tunisia 右2Creece左3Lebanon Iran 右3Tonga 左4Italy 右4Europe Latin America左5Mexico,Costa Rica ,Japan 右5Bolivia，Honduras Lebanon左6Barbados 右6Bangladesh最后一幅Greece ，Iran ,ItalyPart41f 2f 3t 4t 5fB 1g 2f 3j 4i 5e 6b 7h 8a 9d 10cUnit5 Net Changes lifePART1 October 1969 first email messageMarch 1972 addressesFebruary1976 head of stateFall 1976 Jimmy Carter US$4September1983 higher education accouts December1994 erase destroyDecember1998BAs I see it opinionworthif I’m wrongas a matter of fact believe it or not information own business standardfor nowbe seein’ youCTim Berners-Lee In the 1980sIn 1990On to the internet10/100000e-commerce people with imagination and new ideapart 2materials that are connecteda systema connection of systems that work together Radio and TV stations ,computers ,peoplesA2 Connection of railroads or other vehicles Connected system of radio stations System linking a number of computers togetherB getting assignments and research papers attending professor’s ‘virtual office hours’course lectures online gamestoll-free phone call e-commerce orders左边：entertainment communicationspart3 the desktop into our everyday life experimenting anarchy disappear economies BPerson to person, real many more real friendsrelatives careersneighbors medical crisescolleagues choosing a school or collegeby phoneB2 Reaching out to more people Keeping more to ourselvesPart4 1 daily communication 2broadcast programs 3in print 4listening 5 failure 6digit 7losses 8ignore 9read 10 intensive training 11 regular 12 commas 13 sensitivity to numbersUNIT6Part1A 1932 Paris 1972 Berlin Tokyo1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-cB watch games on television or listen on the radio baseballplay the sport American footballsoccerC 1d 2h 3a 4e 5i 6c 7g 8b 9j 10fPART2A 1friendly/warm/affectionatedrunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push people around/smash glasses/monsters2He finds it difficult to understand why normal ,nice people behave so badly at football matches. 3enjoy themselves/no aggression or violence4rugby/tennis 5They sit there silently throughoutB 1goodwill between the nations 2 football or cricket 3on the battlefields 4 international sporting contests 5competitive 6little meaning 7 pick up sides 8 the fun and exercise 9some larger unit 10 aroused 10 a school football match 11the attitude of the spectators 12the nations 13 tests of national virtuePart31scince 19882 in 20013 in 19484 in 19605 by 20041c 2a 3d 4b 5e B1wheelchair tennis and basketball2teach all kinds of sports to disabled people try a sport as if they were disabledfor the Paralympics3the ability to move his legs4 his body and mind again5 wireless earphonesvisual interpretersUNIT7PART1 Aclear 90-75 rain 93-73 cloudy 86-70 cloudy 79-59BConversation1 3 Conversation2 8 Conversation3 right right Conversation4 four fourthC 1speed limit 30 miles an hour 2 end of speed limit 3 cross-roads 4 bend 5 road junction 6 hill 7 road narrows 8 level crossing 9 school 10 parkingPART2 1last month 2 oil 3the environment 4 cars ,buses ,motorized bicycles 5 another kind of fuel 6 hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilB 1 electricity 2 natural gas or propane 3 walking ,biking ,using public transportation systems 4changes in the world climate 5air pollution 6 health problemsPART3A 1 this week 2 road users 3 the number of road accidents 4 take basic measures 5 seat belts 6 focus more on road safety 7 safer roads 8 traffic-free play areasBAsia children playing in the streetyoung and inexperienced car driversa badly designedb badly maintainedc road users the rules conclusion predictedPART4A 1 increasing gridlock urgent measures to promote mass transit systems2 Bangkok +100 10 transportation and air qualityB1 B pollution C traffic snarls D economic costs2 better public transportation systemsdriving 3 more efficient too expensive fastest to implement low return to investors /governments low-costUNIT8Part1A 1.$25,000,000,000 2.$161,000,000 3.$37,000,000,000 28,000,000,000dollar $24,000,000,000 4.30,000,000 5.$1,000,000,000 6.5.5% 7.5% 7.550 7%8.0.25% 4.75% 4.5%B 1 increasing their protests against rising fuel prices 2 a meeting of African nations3 the Czech Republic by early 2003 a conference of EU members4 Central Bank governors Britain ,Canada,France,Germany,Japan and the United States5 reduce the amount of oil harming their economies6 cutting taxes on oil products7 increase trade bring peace and security to the area in Manila 8 support policies that keep inflation low 9 open Japanese ports to foreign companies10 his country’s economy a leading manufacturing and financial centerC1 93,000,0002 97,000,000 133,000,0003 1.5% 16%4 100,000,0005 210,000,000,000 5.1%6 17,500,0007 1.3%8 9.5% 0.1% 10,500,0009 27,000,000,00010 0.6%PART2A 1 large forces national or international 2 unemployment and inflation job creation 3 too high demands in the present growth and investment in the futureB 1 letting inflation increase Higher inflation 2 very high savings ratePart3A 1 noisy place/bell/lighted messages/computers/talk on the telephone/shout/run around2experts/salespeople/buy &sell shares of companies 3 shares4 a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5 prices/go down6prices/go up 7 a company that does not earn enough profit8 a sharp increase in the value of a stock /something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB 1 in 1837 1n a newspaper in Illinois2 old story /sold the skin of a bear /before caught it3 a long connection/bulls and bears/in sports/popular years ago/England4 fish/turn over on their backs /die 5England/centuries ago /poor people/banned/cutting trees/the wind blew down the tree /take for fuelPart4 1communicative activity 2 extended 3 continuously 4 specific readiness 5 constantly setting up 6 constantly testing 7 what he has heard in reality 8 out of his expectation 9get the message 10famiiliarity 11 knowledge 12 the setting 13 already 14 take in 15 pre-listening preparation 16 give some thought 17 related materials 18vocabulary work 19 fully orientated 20 active thinking 21 ahead of 22logical and intelligent 23 know generally 24 exactly 25 next utteranceUnit9Part11 The European Union2 Food and Agricultural Organization3 International Monetary Fund4 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development5 The World Health Organization6 the World trade OrganizationB1 the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation2 the Association of Southeast Asian Nations3 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization4 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration5 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries6 the United Nations Educational ,Scientific and Cultural7 the United Nations international Children’s EmergencyC1 have ended an emergency summit2 the fourth stop on his 9-day visit3 have elected their country’s first woman president4 have met for the first time in two months5 Portugal and Indonesia diplomatic relations6 has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize7 have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8 two French newsmen9 two hundred more families separated by the Korean WarPart2A 1-c 2-a 3-bB Taking ownership of Panama CanalA noon Friday 90yearsB are planning celebrationsPart3The nature of UN peacekeeping missions High readiness BrigadeAustria ,Canada ,Denmark ,the Netherlands ,PolandTo provide credible and effective peacekeeping troopsSome critics of UN peacekeeping missions have said the troops often take too long to arrive and are often of insufficient number to do the jobUNIT10PART1A2Chinese New Year3Russia4Britain5New Zealand6In Australia7Asia In Hong Kong 8Singapore’s 9In Vietnam10 Thailand11 In Japan 12Egypt13EuropeB 1Vienna 2Ankara 3Madrid 4Bangkok 5Colombo 6Warsaw 7London 8Rangoon 9Mexico City 10Brussels 11Berlin 12Moscow 13Rome 14 Kampala 15WashingtonC 1h 2e 3a 4d 5b 6g 7c 8j 9f 10iPART2A1 1F 2T 3F 4TA21February 18th2for 9,000years/since 9,000 years ago 3heart valves 4one 5pig racing A3 1b 2a 3c 4a 5cA4 1domesticated 2glue 3skin 4 drugs 5nominated 6charity 7fly 8out 9bacon 10thoughtful B1f 2t 3t 4fB21More than 200,000 people congregated to watch a huge parade of lions ,dragons ,drums, and ribbon and fan dancers2 Chinese immigrants first came to London in the mid-19th Century ,consisting mainly of seamen involved in the tea trade via Canton.3 a more recent wave of immigration took place in the 1960s when many workers came from Hong Kong to find work in the flourishing restaurant business.4Today more than 60,000 people of Chinese descent live in London.5 This year’s celebrations include more than 100 events from lion-dancing to elephant chess.Part3A 1time-keeper 2time-signal 3 12:55p.m 1:00p.m 4 150 5 1844 6 the 19th century 7around the world 8 New Zealand GreenwichB 1 time ball dropping/19th century naval tradition 2 20sites/6 continents 3 visual time signals/give the time 4 British Navy/1829 5 normally at noon/this year midnight6 wood &leather7 year 2001Part41 Hogmanay is another word for New Year in Scotland and for some people ,it’s a bigger celebration than Christmas. 2T 3T 4F 4 Auld lang syne is a traditional folk song .5F In January ,almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains.B 1by 2 make 3 get out of 4 give up 5 some weightC Hogmanay parties alcohol celebration pubResolution health shopping bargain salesUNIT11PART1 A1 telexes fax and electronic mail2 robots production workers3 new skills every ten years4 clerical workers5 unemployment6 food from home7 transport from home8 advertising the home9 business travel live video meeting the clientB1 spaceship Mars2 a robot court3 have gone up under the sea4 nuclear war nuclear arms5 brain waves a conversation6 planet tower blocks7 computersC1Mercury 2 Venus 3 the Earth 4Mars 5Jupiter 6 Saturn 7Uranus 8Neptune 9Pluto C2a.<8,000milesb.93,000,000milesc.365.25 daysd.<35,00,000 milese.≈24,000,000 milesf.<o.25million milesPART2A1 product2 100 3in the future 4closed 5 copper 6leafproof 7 placed 8 a low humidity 9 the eye and hand 10discs 11 playable 12 placed 13 a low humidity 14 the eye and hand 15discs 16playableB 3000 life in the world todayan architect from Spainone and one half of space 8separate partsa flower mysteryAprilThe Natural History MuseumC6 magazines sounds of life in New York City/9:09/9/9/1999What people in New York were doing /9:09/9/9/1999a container of fresh water beanie baby/popular with collectorsa medala ceremonial chaira dollcigarettesPART3A ⅰ1action 2present 3resposibility 4 recognize 5 create 6 imposed 7 fate 8forcesⅱ1diagnosis and treatment 2textbooks 3interactive questions 4 alternative results 5affectⅲ1brainwaves 2check out 3busy,tired 4brain activity 5scalp 6 performing well 7 too tired 8 computer analysis 9 monitorB 1forecast and assessment 2tourism 3 1.56billion 4 1.18billion 5 0.38billion 6 717million 8 25% 9 282 million 10 18% 11 4.1% 12>5%。

P3Oxford牛津大学Cambridge 剑桥大学the University of Sydney悉尼大学the University of Victoria 维多利亚大学the University of Auckland新西兰奥克兰大学Harvard University哈佛大学Columbia University哥伦比亚大学Boston University 波士顿大学commitment责任undertake承担innovation改革，创造excel突出，擅长cosmopolitan世界性的，周游世界的人stimulating刺激性的enrollment招生人数P4languages语言dialects方言official language官方语言disc磁盘Somalia索马里P5language learning styles语言学习风格communicative语言交际能力的analytical分析性的authority-oriented权威导向性的concrete具体的identity身份P6primary school 小学secondary school中学（英式）high school中学（美式）higher education高等教育college大学universitycomprehensive school综合学校GCSE examination英国普通中灯教育证书考试A level高级水平sophomore大二学生provincial省的，一级行政区的school board学校董事会diploma文凭certificate证书P7widely used广泛使用difficult 困难的hodgepodge综合体irregularity不规则，无规律largest vocabulary最多词汇量idioms习语varieties不同种类linguistics语言学Spring up突然出现aviation航空hodgepodge混合物stem from基于baffle使困惑prestige威信evolve进化pose产生slang俚语P9life生活American University美国大学student body学生群undergraduate school本科学校graduate school研究生院minority少数民族well-versed知识渊博的rule of thumb经验判断seminar研讨会P11experiment实验play with the language玩弄语言testing试验passive消极的unwillingness to make mistakes不情愿犯错rely on依赖read阅读peep偷看invariably一贯地stick one’s neck out有冒险行为off one’s own bat独自P12administration行政部门Auditorium大礼堂Clinic校医院mathematics数学chemistry化学physics物理学library图书馆history历史Chinese语文education教育philosophy哲学geography地理foreign languages外语sports ground运动场pshchology心理学auditorium礼堂P13application申请表university大学transcript成绩单major in主修counselor辅导员knack技能，本领P17peninsula半岛altitude海拔trench海沟Greenland格林兰岛the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠the Caspian Sea里海Lake Superior苏必利尔湖Mt. Qomolangma(Mr. Everest) 珠穆朗玛峰Baykal贝加尔湖Mariana Trench马里亚纳海沟the Nile尼罗河P18country国家population人口census人口统计estimate预估rank排名federation联邦statistics统计数据Indonesia印度尼西亚Pakistan巴基斯坦Bangladesh孟加拉国Nigeria尼日利亚speaker发言人language语言Bengali孟加拉语Hindi印地语Portuguese葡萄牙语Javanese爪哇语Korean韩语Vietnamese越南语Telugu泰卢固语Marathi马拉塔语Tamil泰米尔语Urdu乌尔都语Gujarati古吉拉特语Ukrainian乌克兰语P20baby boy婴儿Bosnia-Herzegovina波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那the world's six billionth inhabitant世界第60亿居民social and ecological problems 社会和生态问题birth control计划生育global count全局计数humanity人类overnight一夜之间inhabitant居民deliver发表，接生symbolize标志ecological生态的acclaim称誉某人momentum动能势头impact巨大影响demography人口统计学predict预测count计数level off趋势平稳agency机构Bosnia-Herzegovina波斯尼亚黑塞哥维那the United Nations联合国Kosovo科索沃Sarajevo萨拉热窝the UN Secretary General联合国秘书长P22earth地球water水land area大陆bare光秃秃的gulf海湾bay（海或湖）湾isthmus地峡plateau高原canyon峡谷plain平原P23the biggest cities最大的城市the top ten前十名developed countries发达国家developing countries发展中国家complex复杂的enormous巨大的mere稀有的in terms of就......而言quadruple四倍treble三倍Sao Paulo圣保罗Rio de Janeiro里约热内卢Calcutta孟加拉语Bombay孟买Delhi德里Seoul汉城P29call登机flight航班passenger乘客depart出发board上船、飞机、火车等depart起程，出发due规定shuttle来往于两地之间的航班(或班车、火车)check in进房Albania阿尔巴尼亚Frankfurt法兰克福Karachi卡拉奇Edinburgh爱丁堡Nairobi内罗毕Madrid马德里Hamburg汉堡Muscat马斯科特Kuala Lumpur吉隆坡Dublin都柏林P30chief steward乘务长buffet car自助餐车on sale大售卖steward乘务员buffet自助餐toast干杯ham火腿cress水芹licensed有营业许可的P31journey旅行plane飞机jet travel乘飞机旅行train火车marvellous极好的Victoria维多利亚Plymouth普利茅斯P32Villa Rentals别墅租赁holiday villa度假村bedroom卧室bathroom浴室kitchen厨房sitting-room客厅terrace阳台car小汽车video录像片rent租fishing village渔村villa别墅facilities设备grand豪华的inclusive包容的advert广告whereabouts所在地convertible敞篷车divan矮长沙发agency代理机构Naples那不勒斯Metro巴黎地铁Renault雷诺Ford Fiesta福特嘉年华the Mediterranean地中海Minorca班诺卡Gatwick盖特威克P34-35to excel in在.....表现优异off one’s own bat靠自己to have a knack for偏向于the 2nd(3rd,4th...)largest in population人口第二、三、四...大...ranks 1st (2nd ,3rd ...)in its population（GDP）人口排名第一、二、三......大The population is/was ...人口数量是......with a population of人口数量是The population reached人口到达(A language) has ... speakers（一种语言有）......人讲(A language) is spoken by ... people（一种语言）有......人讲...symbolize the passing of the mark象征着跨越重要关口passengers for/on ...flight ...to... ...... 的乘客飞往......due to depart即将出发check in登机检票be situated坐落于P39gift礼物luck运气symbol象征even甚至set放置Argentina阿根廷P41greet见面traditional传统的friends朋友hug拥抱firm紧紧的holiday假日celebration庆祝observe庆祝feast节日in honor of纪念commemorate纪念celebrate庆祝P42seasonal季节性的affection情感的anonymously匿名地lunar月亮unsuspecting未察觉的victim受害者annual每年的tradesman商人staff员工patroness支持者spinster老姑娘missionary传教士patron saint守护圣人movable灵活的the Canal Zone运河区Philippine Islands菲律宾群岛Saint Catherine圣凯瑟琳节Saint Patrick圣帕特里克节P43museum博物馆visit拜访reproduction复制品audience观众appearance外貌guided tour有导游的观光旅游educational service教育服务children’s department儿童部privileged有特权的vacationer度假者metropolitan大都市reproduction再生品stegosaurus剑龙architecture建筑represent代表lifestyle生活方式Stockholm斯德哥尔摩P44amusing娱乐的confuse困惑understand明白French法语canoe独木舟squid鱿鱼deposit存款P45trip旅行Brazil巴西street vendors街头摊贩unusual things不寻常事情fortune-teller算命先生eating吃France法国performer表演者portrait肖像vendor小贩specialty特长P47busy繁忙的summer夏天winter冬天mountainous多山的crowded拥挤的humid潮湿的compact小型的Osaka大坂P48sign标志gesture手势approval赞成disapproval反对positive积极的nagative消极的nonverbal非言语的obscene下流的offence冒犯smack打巴掌suck吮吸index finger食指thumb大拇指fingertip指尖tilt倾斜screw螺丝钉poke戳twist弯曲utter说palm手掌pucker皱起toss扔irritating惹人生气的brush-off漠视，不理睬P51do business做生意tip小贴士nationality国籍punctual准时的contact联络人designer clothes名牌服装casual随意的title标题business card名片deal协议chaos混乱career职业P57email message电子邮件信息addresses地址Queen Elizabeth II伊丽莎白二世Jimmy Carter吉米·卡特email accounts电子邮件账户hoax骗术crash电脑崩溃coordinate协调account账户Maine美国缅因州P58information superhighway信息高速公路shorthand速记法abbreviations缩写techie技师zoom激增decode解码standby替代品make the rounds网络上流传Tim Berners-Lee蒂姆·伯纳斯-李World Wide Web互联网primitive原始的P60connection连接systems系统broadcasting广播television电视computers电脑relations关系costly昂贵的P62wire线dormitories集体宿舍high-speed Internet access互联网接口a top priority优先考虑的事情merger公司兼并pipeline渠道envision想象priority优先权meager不足的budget开支fraction一小部分bulk大部分toll收费mow down破坏simultaneously同时地antiquated老式的P63future未来everywhere任何地方experimenting anarchy无政府状态实验asset资产threat恐吓vague模糊的clerical秘书工作Internet World Trade Show互联网世贸展networked individualism网络个人主义social networks社交网络electronic interaction电子相互作用interact与......交流contradict矛盾flesh-and-blood骨肉相连hermit头盔make-believe虚构flicker点亮的child-rearing抚养孩子P71the “first”第一Olympic奥运会hemisphere半球Melbourne墨尔本Munich慕尼黑the most popular sport最受欢迎运动different meanings不同含义measure措施the number of people人口数量P74neighbors邻居football match足球比赛fans粉丝trouble麻烦large crowds大批人affectionate关爱的aggressive好斗的，挑衅的knock out淘汰smash打杂monster怪物terrace大型体育看台rugby英式橄榄球Wimbledon(伦敦郊区)温布尔登(网球场) P75sport运动goodwill亲善大使competitive有竞争性的win赢mimic warfare模拟战争attitude态度cricket板球inclination趋势orgy狂欢deduce推理utmost最多的patriotism爱国主义disgrace尽失颜面combative好斗的instinct才能mimic模仿warfare战争spectator观众absurd荒谬的at any rate在任何情况下virtue美德P77Paralympics残奥会sports competition运动比赛physical or mental limitations身体或精神残疾disabilities残疾spinal cord脊髓wheelchair轮椅scuba diving潜水yoga瑜伽visual interpreter视译员。

Unit 1 Happy Family LifePart I Warming upSection AThe Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He’s 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he’s a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she’s an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Section BHere are a few general ideas I believe help make a marriage work;1.Go on dates with each oilier. Renew romantic feelings by spendingspecial time together.2.Be as specific as you can when you complain, make a request, oroffer praise.3.When stressed by fatigue or your own insecurities, imagine you andyour partner in a foxhole, surrounded by danger. Instead of striking out at your partner, find a way to protect the partnership!4.When you feel “distant,” talk about it with your partner.5.Be assured that partners in all marriages sometimes get tired,irritable, or distracted. Work together to understand each other.6.Respect each other. Leave if danger exists. Find professional help ifphysical, sexual, emotional, or verbal abuse occurs.7.Fight to “understand,” not to “win.”Section CHere is a passage about how to excel in the art of domestic argument. Supply the missing words while listening.Tapescript:Having been married for more than 40 years, I can attest to the truth of the following statement: To excel in the art of domestic argument, one must master the art of losing.Modern psychologists are taken with the “win-win” solution. But in marriage, success resides more in “lose-lose” solutions. Out of these, both parties can win. For in the love configuration, losing gives a gift that always returns.The issues that people argue over most in marriage, such as how to spend money, oft en aren’t the real ones. The key issue is: Who is going to be in control? When I was younger, my need to control arose out of fear, a lack of trust, insecurity. The day I finally realized I didn’t need to control my wife—that, indeed, I ought not to control her, that I couldn’t control her, and that if I tried to, I would destroy our marriage — was the day our marriage began.What is it we want most from a marriage? To love and be loved. To be happy and secure. To grow to discover. A love relationship is the garden in which we plant, cultivate and harvest the most precious of crops, our own self, and in which our spouse is provided the same rich soil in which to bloom.We cannot obtain what we want unless our partner also gets what he or she wants. So remember; if you want to feel loved and respected, give up control.Part II All You Need Is Love?Section AYou are going to hear a report on how people in different parts of the world choose their mates.A1 Before listening, think about some of the qualities you would look for in a mate.A2 As you listen, try to write down the three main criteria people usually maintain for choosing a mate.1: Having similar social backgrounds.2: Having the same race or same ethnic background.3: Having the same religion.A3 Listen again. Answer the questions.1.Why does the speaker say that some of the past practices related tomarriage customs are weakening?Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages2.Why does the speaker say that the races are still largely separate inmarriage in the U. S.?3% / between blacks and whitesTapescript:Many people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other cultures, spouses are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man’s family negotiated a “bride price” with the woman’s family; the man’s family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride’s family paid a “groom’s price” to the family of the man. These customs are weakening; for instance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese marriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages — whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love — are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slightly lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that theman’s family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U. S., where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In cultures in which religion is a very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Section BListen to a dialogue that discusses personal and family relationships. Complete the following main ideas expressed by the second speaker. 1.Unfortunately, perhaps in the initial stages i t’s the physicalappearance that attracts.2.In fact it shouldn’t be what somebody looks like that is important.You should be able to look beyond the physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is.3.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and so on, the idea offalling in love is always emphasized. —In fact I think we canprobably lay there the blame for the high percentage of divorces.4.I think you have to differentiate between falling in love withsomebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Tapescript:A: What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?B: I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it’s the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there’s something about them—it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don’t bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all-important.A: Why do you say “unfortunately”?B: Because in fact it shouldn’t be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond the physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they’re selfish or selfless, whether they’re kind, caring. But I think initially you’re not bothered with that. That comes perhaps later.A: In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and so on, the idea offalling in love is always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do you think this is misleading for people?Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?B: Yes I do, in fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorces—it’s a third I think now, isn’t it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which 1 think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stories, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc., that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that’s it, it’s the beginning, they live happily ever after. And I think that’s the problem, because people just expect that, and it’s not like that.A: So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?B: Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I sec as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I sec as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests,suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd c all that love, and I think that’s what makes a relationship last.Section CNow you are going to hear some views on men’s “just-right”wives. Listen carefully. Complete the summary.SummaryFor years men and women have been getting married. When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the “just-right” wife for him.Every man has his own definition of what the “just-right” wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their “just-right”wife according to her physical qualities but use different words. Although some men define the “just-right” wife by her physical quali ties, other men describe their “just-ri ght” wife by her athletic qualities. Both the outdoors man and the inside sportsman may define their “just-right”wife by her sports qualities but in two different atmospheres. Men from all nationalities also have their definitions of the “just-right”wife. But the Italian man’s definition is different from the French man’s. And similarly, the German man’s definition is differentfrom the Spanish man’s.Tapescript:For years men and women have been getting married. They say their wedding vows which bring them together as one. They promise to love and cherish each other until death do them part.When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the “just-right” wi fe for him. Every man has his own definition of what the “just-right”wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their “just-right” wife according to her physical qualities.A millionaire may describe his “just-right” wife as charming, beautiful, sexy, intelligent, and well developed. On the other hand, a poor man may define his “jus t-right”wife as pleasing, attractive, desirable, knowledgeable, and shapely. Both men describe their “just-right” wife by the same physical qualities but use different words.Although some men define the “just-right” wife by her p hysical quali ties, other men describe their “just-right”wife by her athletic qualities. For example, the outdoors man may define his “just-right” wife as a woman who loves to fish, to camp, to hunt, and to water ski, whereas the inside sportsman may defin e his “just-r ight”wife as a woman who enjoys watching football, basketball, baseball, and wrestling. Both ofthese men define their “just-right” wife by her sports qualities but in two different atmospheres.Men from all nationalities also have their def inition of the “just-right”wife. For example, the Italian man describes his woman as a woman who stands six feet one inch tall with blonde hair and blue eyes, and who is well developed in the upper portion of her body. On the other hand, the French man may describe his ideal woman as a woman who stands only five feet three inches with brown hair and green eyes, and who is moderately built.Other nationalities, such as the German man and the Spanish man, may define their “just-right”wife as a woman with style. The German man may describe his “just-right”wife as a woman who likes to drive expensive sports cars, a woman who visits a different foreign country every month and wears only the most expensive designer clothing. But the Spanish man may define his “just-right” wife as a woman who enjoys giving dinner parties every weekend, wearing a lot of jewelry, and drinking expensive wines.Part III First MeetingsYou are going to hear five people talking about their first meetings.A Before listening, read and consider the following questions.1.How easy is it in your city for young men and women to meet andspend time alone together?2.At what age do young men and women usually begin to date witheach other?3.At what age is it customary for people to get married and how long doengagements last?4.What do you think of the “boy-meets-girl” custom?5.What do you think of the arranged marriages?B Listen to five people describing their first meetings with their present partners. Listen carefully and take notes in the following chart. Tapescript:Ka———KateKe—KerryCo—CoralynJ —JillCa— CaroleKa: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren’t very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn’t really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which was great. And I went home and I told mymother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour.And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and… we’ve got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it’s really nice.Ke: Well, I’d arranged to have a drink with a ... friend of mine…a ... a woman friend of mine who’s a platonic friend of mine. And she…insisted on bringing t his friend of hers which…who she said I’d like to meet and ... I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, “Please don’t!” Um… but she did bring this friend. Um…and ... we hit it off. And…after the wine bar we went to ... to have a pizza and we all got…ha d a few more drinks and…the other woman who…ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that I really liked and she…I ordered a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other’s pizzas all night and we realized that we were... sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really a ny pizza on the menu and…we’d both be happy.And…anyway we ended up living together and still are.Co: Um... we met at a party and it was a fancy-dress party. A friend of mine’s twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and…this person, this guy that…I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting andended up being together.J: Well ... I’d arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and… unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to the cinema on time, so all my friends had gone in and I was left standing outside—the film had started. So I wasn’t allowed in. And . . . there was a chap outside, he’d also missed the film and we started to talk and ... we talked quite a bit and he said, “Let’s go down the road and sec that film, because that one hasn’t started at the Odeon.” So we went down ther e and…well, we’ve been going out ever s ince! Ca: I... I first met my partner . . . when he was on a boat and 1 was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said, “Would you mind catching this?”and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IV A Valentine StoryA Listen to the first part of a V alentine story, then write cm ending for the story.B Now listen to the last part of the story. Fill in the blanks with the words you hear and make a comparison between the ending you designed and the one you heard.I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment: “I’m Lieutenant John Blanehnrd, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?” The woman’s face broadened into a tolerant smile. “I don’t know what this is about, son,” she answered, “but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!”It’s not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell’s wisdom.Tapescript:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn’t, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner’s name. Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New YorkCity. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II. During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really eared, it wouldn’t matter what she looked like. When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting 7:00 p. m. al the Grand Central Station in New York. “You will recognize me,” she wrote, “by the red rose I’ll be wearing on my lapel.” So al 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose lace he’d never seen. I’ll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. “Going my way, sailor?” she murmured. Almost uncontrollably 1 made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat... She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes.The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away.I felt as though I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment: “I’m Lieutenant John Blanchard, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?”The woman’s face broadened into a tolerant smile. “I don’t know what this is about, son,” she answered, “but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coal. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is wailing for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!” It’s not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell’s wisdom.。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / collegegeneral exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examinationbachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at ChimoUniversity, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages–it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language– but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.PartIIIUniversity Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the AdministrationBuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of theMain Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The ArabiaPeninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert?Yes, it’s the SaharaDesert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt.Qomolangma (or Mt.Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the KosovoHospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part IIIAwater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islandsarms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/atopicsentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17BA877/11:20/14BA292/11:25/19TW695/11:30/164EA831/11:35/24BA838/9IB290/11:35/15LH039/11:40/9BA666/11:40/18AI141/6BA560/22Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to NewYork. TW A flight TW695 to NewYork departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.BTea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:3010:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

英语听力1课程教学大纲课程编号：一、说明（一）课程性质必修课（二）教学目的通过专门系统的、严格的听力技能训练，培养学生听力兴趣、听力理解能力和正确的听音方法，为他们今后使用英语进行交际和工作奠定坚实的基础。

（三）教学主要内容英语数字、时间、新闻等。

（四）教学时数32学时（五）教学方式在教学过程中坚持精听和泛听相结合，课内外相结合，循序渐进。

（六）适用对象英语专业大一学生二、教学内容及安排Unit 1 Eduction Is Key教学要点：如何抓住听力内容大意。

教学时数：4学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: Eductionl systemsPrt III: University lifePrt IV: University cmpus考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

Unit 2 Colorful Lnds, Colorful People教学要点：如何做笔记。

教学时数：4学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: The world's six billionth inhbitntPrt III: Fetures of the erthPrt IV: Short tlks on Listening skills考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

Unit 3 Trveling from Plce to Plce 教学要点：如何听取细节。

教学时数：2学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: It's the only wy to trvelPrt III: V ill RentlsPrt IV: Lnguge study nd lnguge pprecition 考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

Unit 4 pproching Culture教学要点：如何听英语数字。

教学时数：2学时教学内容：Prt I: Wrming upPrt II: Plces to enjoyPrt III: Life here nd therePrt IV: Interntionl business考核要求：掌握并能实际运用本章所学内容。

英语听力入门step-by-step-3000第一册答案及原文Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words byhearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mista kes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, andthat’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state yo u’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, tha t’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entréeinto a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciation B2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Goodmorning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages –it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of it s vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable –which is a good thing for a world language –but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French –like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects –British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others liveat home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begi n my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groupsof 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes –for example, language classes –will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be givingquizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticedsome difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that aft er all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a publicschool in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sports So I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest deser t? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent isOceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.。

Book 1 Unit 8 Trends in EconomicsPart I Warming upI.Vocabulary and background knowledge for this part:A: 1. release oil: end the restriction on oil; make oil available放开对石油的控制2. common import tax统一进口税，统一关税3. stock prices股票价格4. aerospace: the atmosphere and outer space considered as a whole航空航天5. Burma: a country of southeast Asia on the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea缅甸6. Rangoon: the capital and largest city of Burma 仰光（缅甸首都）7. the Gulf Cooperation Council海湾合作委员会8. the New York Stock Exchange纽约股票交易所(NYSE)9. MCI美国著名的通讯公司10. WorldCom世界电讯公司11. Riyad利雅得（沙特阿拉伯的首都）B: 12. peace and security: the state of being free from danger or injury和平与安全/稳定13. inflation: a general and progressive increase in prices通货膨胀14. demonstrator: ['demənstreitə] someone who participates in a public display of group feeling示威者15. senate: ['senət] assembly possessing high legislative powers参议院16. Dutch: of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture荷兰的17. Manila [mə'nilə] 马尼拉（菲律宾首都）18. the Federal Reserve Board 美国联邦制度理事会/ (美国)联邦储备金监察小组19. Czech [tʃek] Republic捷克共和国 cf. chic [ʃi:k] 时尚,时髦；别致C: 20. loan: the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)贷款21. budget ['bʌdʒit] plan: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them预算22. limiting production限制生产23: index: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time指数24. prime rate: 银行优惠贷款利率；最低银行利率25. cabinet ['kæbinət]: persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers内阁26. barrel: a bulging cylindrical shape; hollow with flat ends一桶的量；装满的桶27. indicator: a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time; a device for showing the operating condition of some system指标28. work force: the force of workers available劳动力Ⅱ. Key to this part:Part IA.1.$25,000,000,0002.$161,000,0003.$37,000,000,000 / 28,000,000,000-dollar / $24,000,000,0004.30,000,0005.$1,000,000,0006. 5.5%/7.5%7.550/ 7%8.0.25% , 4.75%, 4.5%Tapescript:You are going to hear some simple news items which include numbers ranging from 0.25 to 37,000,000,000. Listen carefully. Write down the numbers rapidly.1. British Aerospace plans to buy the part of General Electric Company of Britain that makes defence electronics. The deal is worth $25,000,000,000.2. Canada will hold a meeting of American leaders in April to discuss trade and economic issues. Canada now has a trade surplus of $161,000,000 a year with Central America.3. Owners of MCI Communications have agreed to sell the company to the American communications company WorldCom. The price is $37,000,000,000 in stock. WorldCom defeated a 28,000,000,000-dollar / 28,000,000,000 dollars offer by GGE. MCI also refused the British company Telecom’s offer to unite the two companies by an agreement worth about $24,000,000,000.4. President Clinton will release 30,000,000 barrels of oil from the United States’ emergency supply. The move is designed to ease heating oil shortage expected this year.5. RANGOON --- The United Nations and the World Bank have offered Burma $1,000,000,000 in aid. A UN special diplomat made the offer to Burmese leaders last month.6. Representatives of the six nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council have agreed to common import taxes. Officials at the meeting in Riyad said representatives agreed to set the common tax on some goods at 5.5%. The tax on other goods will be7.5%.7. The New York Stock Exchange halted trading early after suffering one of the worst market drops in history. Stock prices fell more than 550 points. That is a loss of more than 7%.8. United States’ Central Bank officials are reducing interest rates for the third time this year. The bank officials cut by 0.25% the rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans. That rate now will be 4.75%. The Central Bank made the same reduction in the rate it charges member banks for overnight loans. The rate now will be 4.5%.B.1. increasing their protests against rising fuel prices2. a meeting of African nations3. the Czech Republic/ by early 2003/ a conference of EU members4. Central Bank governors/ Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United States5. reduce the amount of oil/ harming their economies6. cutting taxes on oil products7. increase trade/ bring peace and security to the area/ in Manila8. support policies that keep inflation flow9. open Japanese ports to foreign companies10. his country’s economy/ a leading manufacturing and financial centerTapescript:Now listen to some simple news items. Focus your attention on “who”, “what”, “when”, “where”, “why” and “how” in each lead and write down what you hear in the given spaces.1. Angry demonstrators are increasing their protests against rising fuel prices. World oil prices have reached a ten-year high of about $135 a barrel.2. China has opened a meeting of African nations. Representatives of more than 40 African nations are attending the three-day meeting in Beijing.3. Dutch Prime Minister says the Czech Republic could become a member of the European Union by early 2003. The Prime Minister told reporters that the final date would be decided by a conference of EU members.4. Finance ministers and Central Bank governors of seven leading industrial nations are meeting in Washington. Officials from Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United States are attending the meeting.5. Iran and Saudi Arabia say they will try to reduce the amount of oil now on the world market in an attempt to increase the low prices that are harming their economies.6. Leaders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have urged rich countries to lower oil prices by cutting taxes on oil products.7. Leaders of the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations have promised to speed efforts to increase trade and to bring peace and security to the area. They made the statement at the end of their yearly meeting in Manila.8. The Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board has told a senate committee that he will support policies that keep inflation low.9. The United States and Japan have signed an agreement that will open Japanese ports to foreign companies.10. And in Singapore, Prime Minister says his country’s economy has increased almost 4 percent for the first half of 1999. Experts say the country has become a leading manufacturing and financial center.C.1. 93,000,0002. 97,000,000/ 133,000,0003. 1.5 %, 16%4. 100,000,0005. 210, 000,000,000/ 5.1%6. 17,500,0007. 1.3%8. 9.5%, 0.1%, 10,500,0009. 27,000,000,00010. 0.6%Tapescript:You are going to hear some simple news items, which include numbers ranging from 0.1 to 27,000,000,000. Listen carefully. Write down the numbers rapidly.1. A record number of shares, almost 93,000,000 were traded Tuesday on the New York Stock Exchange.2. Trading was heavy again Friday on the New York Stock Exchange. About 97,000,000 shares were traded, a number second only to the record 133,000,000 shares traded Wednesday.3. Manufacturers’ Hanover Trust Company of New York and the First National Bank of Chicago both reduced their prime rate 1.5% to 1.6%.4. The World Bank has approved a 100,000,000 dollar loan to the Ivory Coast.5. Japan’s cabinet has approved a proposed budget plan for next year. The 210,000,000 dollar budget will reduce total spending. Military spending will be increased 5.1%.6. Oil ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have agreed to continue limiting production to 17,500,000 barrels of oil a day.7. The Commerce Department said its index of leading economic indicators rose 1.3% in July, the fourth month it has increased.8. Unemployment in the United States rose last month to 9.5% of the American work force, the hightest rate since World War II.9. Poland owes foreign countries about 27,000,000,000 dollars.10. The Labor Department reports that wholesale prices increased by only 0.6% in August.Part II Nobel Prize winner for economicsI.Vocabulary for this part:1. national savings: 国民储蓄2. the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences瑞典皇家科学院3. macroeconomics: the branch of economics that studies the overall working of a national economy宏观经济学4. credit: money available for a client to borrow信用5. stagflation: a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation) 滞涨；停滞性膨胀II.Key to this part:A. Listen to a passage about Edmund Phelps, a Nobel Prize Winner for Economics. Complete his major viewpoints below with the information you hear.1. Edmund Phelps studied large forces that affect economics at the national or international level.2. Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. He discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation.3. Mr. Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demands in the present, and it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future.B. Listen to the passage again. This time focus on the wrong ideas and theories common people and even policymakers held before. Supply the missing information.1. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment by letting inflation increase to create jobs. They accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.2. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best.Tapescript:Edmund Phelps has been awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Economics. Mr. Phelps is a professor of economics at Columbia University in New York City. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honored Mr. Phelps for his work in macroeconomics. That is the study of large forces that affect economies at the national or international level.Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment in the same way. They would let inflation increase to create jobs.For example, they would make credit easier to get. As a result, people would buy more goods. Business would hire workers to meet growing demand, forcing prices up. For many years, policymakers accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.Mr. Phelps found that inflation did temporarily increase employment. But he discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation. His ideas were proved by economic conditions in America in the 1970s. That period was known for “stagflation having high unemployment and high inflation at the same time.”Edmund Phelps also found that if employers expect low inflation in the future, they are more likely to hire workers.Today, economic policy experts believe the best way to create job is to fight inflation.Mr. Phelps also studied national savings over long periods of time. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best. But, Mr. Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. He argued that saving too much limited demand in the present, which could slow growth.The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demand in the present. And it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future. Still, he argued that governments should take action to raise national savings.Edmund Phelps did much of his research in macroeconomics during the late 1960s and early 1970s. His work continues to influence economists. And it has helped change policy at central banks, which now consider fighting inflation a main goal.Part III “Bulls” and “bears”I.Vocabulary for this part:1. brokers: One that acts as an agent for others, as in negotiating contracts, purchases, or sales in return for a fee or commission 经纪人2. investors: someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns 投资人3. the big board: 大盘4. a bull market: 牛市5. a bear market: 熊市6. go belly up: 不行了，完蛋了7. windfall: a sudden, unexpected piece of good fortune or personal gain意外之财8. duck: go down, decrease 下降II.Key to this part:A:1. a stock exchange: noisy place / bell / lighted messages / computers / talk on the telephone / shout / run around2. brokers: experts / salespeople / buy & sell shares of companies3. stocks: shares4. the big board: a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5. a bear market: prices / go down6. a bull market: prices / go up7. a company that goes belly up: a company that does not earn enough profit8. a windfall: a sharp increase in the value of a stock / something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB:1. When and where did word “board” with the meaning mentioned in the passage appear in written form?in 1837 in a newspaper in Illinois2. What is the origin of “a bear market”?old story / sold the skin of a bear / before caught it3. What is the origin of “a bull market?”a long connection / bulls and bears / in sports / popular years ago / England4. What is the phrase “go belly up” originally used to describe ?fish / turn over on their backs / die5. What is the story about the origin of the word “windfall”?England / centuries ago / poor people / banned / cutting trees / the wind blew down the tree / take fuelIII.Tapescript for this partToday we tell about some American expressions that are commonly used in business.Bell sound, lighted messages appear, men and women work at computers, they talk on the telephone, at times they shout and run around. This noisy place is a stock exchange. Here experts, salespeople called brokers buy and sell shares of companies. The shares are known as stocks. People who own stock in a company own part of that company. People pay brokers to buy and sell stocks for them. If a company earns money, its stock increases in value. If the company does not earn money, its stock decreases in value. Brokers and investor carefully watch for any changes onthe big board. That is the name given to a list of stocks sold on the New People who own stock in a company own part of that company.The first written use of the word with that meaning was in a newspaper in Illinois in 1837. It said, “The sales on the board were $1, 700 in American gold.” Investors and brokers watch the big board to see if the stock market is a bull market or a bear market. In a bear market, prices go down. In bull market, prices go up. Investors in a bear market promise to sell a stock in the future at a set price, but the investor does not own the stock yet. He or she wants to buy it when the price ducks.The meaning of a bear market is thought to come from an old story about a man who sold the skin of a bear before he caught the bear. An English dictionary of the 1600s said, “To sell a bear is to sell what one has not.” Word experts dispute the beginning of the word “bull” in the stock market. But some say it came from a long connection of the two animals bulls and bears in sports that were popular years ago in England. Investors are always concerned about the possibility of a company failing.In the modern world, a company that does not earn enough profit is said to go belly up. A company that goes belly up dies like a fish. Fish turn over on their backs when they die. So they’re stomach or belly up. Stock market investors do not want that to happen to a company. They want a company whose stock they own to earn more profit than expected. This would sharply increase the value of the stock.Investors are hoping for a windfall. The word “windfall” comes from England of centuries ago. There poor people were banned from cutting trees in forests owned by rich landowners. But if the wind blew down a tree, the poor person could take the wood for fuel. So a windfall is something wonderful that happens unexpectedly.Part IV Short Talks on Listening SkillsIV. Vocabulary for this part:1. implication: a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred含意, 暗示2. hypothesis: a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations假设；前提eg. This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which has not been proved by experiments这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。

听力原稿Part I Section A1.What kind of student comes to Oxford? The answer to this is,there is no “OxfordType”. Common qualities they look for are commitment, enthusiasm, and motivation for your chosen area of study backed by a strong academic record.2.The university of Cambridge is the one of the oldest university in the world and oneof the largest in the United Kingdom. It has a world wide reputation for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of research undertaken in a wide region of science and arts subjects.3.The university of Sydney was the first to be established in the Australia and afteralmost 150 years of proud achievement, still leads in innovation and quality. The university excels in sport,and social activities, debating, drama, music and much more.4.Known for excellence in teaching, research and services to the community, theuniversity of Victoria serves approximately 17,000 students.It is favored by its location on Canada's spectacular west coast, in the capital of British Columbia.5.New Zealand’s largest university, the university of Auckland, was established in1883, and has grown into a international center of learning and academic excellence.The university is situated in the heart of the cosmopolitan city of Auckland and provides an exciting and stimulating environment for 26,000 students.6.Founded in 1636, Harvard has a 380 acre urban campus with easy access to Boston.It has a total enrollment of about 18500 students. This university comprises many different schools such as the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration and School of Education.7.Columbia University is a independent coeducational university. which awardsmasters, doctoral, professional, and other advanced degrees. with an enrollment of about 20,000 graduates and professional students.8.Boston university is located along the banks of Charles River. With more than30,000 students from all over the United States and 135 countries, it's the third largest independent university in the United States.Part I Section B.1.There are more than 2,700 languages in the world. In addition, there are more than7,000 dialects. A dialect is a regional variety of language that has different pronunciation, vocabulary or meaning.2.The language in which a government conducts business is the official language ofthat country.3.One billion people speak English. That's 20 percent of the world's population.4.400 million people speak English as their first language. For the other 600 million,it's either a second language or foreign language.5.There are more than 500,000 words in the Oxford Dictionary. Eighty percent of allEnglish Vocabulary comes from other languages.6.Eighty percent of all information in the world's computers is in English.7.Somalia is the only African country in which the entire population speaks the samelanguage, Somali.8.More than 1,000 different languages are spoken on the continent of Africa.9.When the American spaceship voyage began its journey in 1977, it carried a golddisc. On the disc, there were messages in 55 languages. Before all of them, there wasa message from the Secretary General of the United Nations in English.Part I Section CNone of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learning types. The communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner, and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native listeners. At home, they like to learn by watching TVs and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them.In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to learn by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, by talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and at school. Now authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down at the notebook, and they like to have a textbook They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we haveanalytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books. And they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now of course, it's unusual for a person to be exclusively one type rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II Educational systems.Section AA1, you are going to hear some people talking about the educational system in their country.Before listening, discuss the prelistening questions below.1, how old are children when they begin school in our country?2, how are the levels of schooling2 divided?3, what do school children have to take before they enter the university?A2, now listen to the material. while listening, focus on the points in the chart. Supply the missing information in the chart.Well, in Britain, for the ages of 5 to about 11, you start off at primary school. And then for 11 to 16, you are go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school. And at 16, you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at the school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of 18, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education to a college or university, and that's usually for 3 years. Well, it depends what state you are in, but most kids in United States start school at about 6. When they go to elementary school and that goes from first grade up to sixth grade.Some kids go to a kindergarten a year before that.Then they go on to a junior high school, that's about 11, and that's the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. Then they go on to senior high school around age 14, er, starting in the tenth grade and finish in the twelfth grade, usually. Some students,...er, will leave school at 16 and they'll start work, But, er, most of them stay on to graduate, er, from high school at age 18.In the first year of high school or college, students are called "freshmen3". In the second, they are called "sophomores4". In the third year, we call them "juniors", and in the fourth year, they are called "seniors". Now, a lot of high school graduates er, then go to college or university, and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college, er, which is two-year course. Well, in Austria, what in the most states anyway, children start their primary education at 5 after perhaps a brief time in the kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they are about 11. Then they'll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually 12 or 13, which you start in the third form. Now after three years in the high school, you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate, and that is sort of a general qualification. After that, you can leave school at 16 or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entree5 into a university or it's another useful qualification. And from then on you go to various sorts of high education. Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but school are administered by local school boards. Kindergarten is for children who are 4 or 5 years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in grade one. When they are about 6 years old, they must stay in school at least until they are 16. However, most students continue to finish high school, Some go on to college or university.Each year of schooling represents one grade. The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June. Elementary school, includes kindergarten, to about grade eight. Secondary school or high school may start in grade eight, nine or ten, and usually continues until grade twelve. In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for a specific job, they attend college for 1 to 4 years to get the diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universites offer degree programs as well as training in certain professions such as law, medicine and teaching. Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor's degree after three or four years of study. A master's degree can take another year or two.A doctoral may take a further three to seven years to complete.A3. Now listen again, answer the following questions brieflySection BB1. listen to an interview talking on some facts about English. Focus on the things make English difficult to learn. Supply the missing information.And now, we have an interview with a professor J.T Lingo8, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo university, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English.Good morning, professor lingo.Good morning.Professor, I understand that teaching English is becoming "big business" all around the world.It's seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.Why is that?With the move toward of global economy, English has became the most widely used language in the world.It's the language of business, aviation,science and international affairs, and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.And do people find English an easy language to learn?Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn.English is such a hodgepodge of different languages.It's essentially9 Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French.And technical words stem from Latin and Greek.This feature makes English fairly adaptable10, which is a good thing for a world language, but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.English spelling baffles me, too.Yes, well, anyway, English also has the largest vocabulary.Often there are words for the same thing.One that is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French like"buy" which is Anglo-Saxon, and"purchase" which is from the French.The French word often has more prestige.Anglo-Saxon?That's the word for old English.The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and help English evolved into the language it's today.I see, is there anything else particularly different about English?Well, the idioms in the informal English pose a problem for some students.Informal English?As with any language, there are different varieties. slang, colloquial11, formal,written, as well as the different dialects, British, American and Canadian English.And how is Canadian English different from American and British?Well, Canadian English is close to American pronunciation and idiom.Some of our words and spellings do reflect British usage.However, we wouldn't use British term "lorry" for a truck.But we have kept the "o-u-r" spellings in words such as "honour", and "colour".This has been very interesting, professor.I am afraid we're out of time.It has been a pleasure talking to you.Thank you.We have been talking to Professor Lingo of Chimo University.B2. Now listen again.Decide whether the statements are true or false, put T for true or F for false in the blankets. Then discuss the following questions.Questions for discussion.1, Do you agree that English will eventually be the world language?If not, which language do you think will be?2, From your experience, what is particularly difficult to learn about English.Part III. University LifeSection AA1. you are going to hear a lecture on university life in the U.S.First, listen to the first part of the lecture. Complete the outline.Today I'd like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different for the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on the U.S campus is a pretty diverse group of people.First of all, you'll find students of all ages Although most students start college at around the age of 18. You'll see students in their 30s and 40s, and even occasionally in their 60s or 70s. Students in the U.S campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds.Many students work at least part-time, and some of them work full-time. Some of the students live in the dormitories on campus, some of them have their own apartments, usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial andethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign students population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people in the U.S college or university campus. Now you have some general idea of differences in the students body population. I'd like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is, and then discuss with you what a typical classmight be like. Let's begin my talking about a average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists. But still it's convenient to talk about an average student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university.Actually, at very select schools, the students are usually very well prepared. But in less selective schools, they may not be as well-prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the states simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries, and are not very well-versed in international matters, and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly, but not very well informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called average student have? The average undergraduate student takes 5 classes a semester and is in class about 15 hours a week. If he or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require two or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15-20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will leada discussion do help clarify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes, for example, language classes will be much smaller so that the students can practice language.In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students. And as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside the class. And students are expected to take full responsibility for complete these assignments and ask questions in class about those areas they don't understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in the class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2, Now listen to the second part of the lecture. Finish the outline.Let's move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to the students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give the students a course outline that mentions all the topics should be covered in the class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. And an average university course of one semester might have 3 examinations or 2 examinationsand a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper is required, the date it's due should also be on the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all these testing can be a little surprising at first. Oh, by the way, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another really difference in our system is our attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendances are optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you're absent a lot. All these information should be on your syllabus. along with the professor's office number and office hours. I have only a couple minutes left. And I'd like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it's much more difficult to enter a graduate school. And most students are high qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate school with regularly scheduled exams,etc. Some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there are may be no exams. But students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them the class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all the students. Each student may also be expected to work independently in some areas of interest. And later make a presentation that summarizes what he or she has learned. Usually, each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade. I hope that today's lecture has given you some ideas about student life on an American campus. And you have noticed some differences between our system and yours.Section BB1. Before you listen to the conversion, please list some of the things that a good student or a bad student will do in the classroom.B2. Now listen to the conversion in which a teacher described the sort of things a good student or a bad student does or does not do in a classroom.In the following chart, some facts have been given to you, The symbol "dot cycle" stands for major points, while the symbol "white diamond" stands for the supportive details. Complete the chart.What I wanted to ask really was, you are a teacher, in teaching for some years now. what would you say, how would you describe a good student or a bad student? You know, sort of things what they do or don't do in the classroom? Well, a good student is usually one who's not afraid to make mistake, I'd say. Uh, hum, And he's, er, eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it's be a structure or a function or a new word. He immediately starts to trying to use it. Yeah, all right. And he's interested in mistakes he made, he's not afraid to make them. So he is not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on? no,no,no, He, he plays with the language. A bad student, on the other hand, will perhaps say, "OK, I've done this chapter I know this", without trying to experiment at all, with really testing himself. Aha,aha. He's usually passive,he won't speak up much in the classroom and very rarely ask you why this and why not something else. Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn't doing anything more with it. That's right. And in a test, he is the one person who is likely to suddenly realize that , er, Yes, he wasn't too sure about that after all. Yeah. And peep over at the, er, his neighbor's paper. Oh ,yes, an alternative learning strategy. Right. And he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than themselves. I think that's ,the result of,er, this sort of, unwillingness to make mistakes and sticks his neck out. Mm, Right, Yeah. Er, anything else? Er? That characterizes the good or bad learner? Er, mm, The bad learner is, wait a minute,er, the good learner is, er, well, I think he'll do more off his own bat as well, he won't rely entirely on the teacher. Mm,hum. He'll read, He'll read books. Mm, so work outside the classroom as well as in it. Yes. Yeah. Yeah. Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part 4. University CampusSection AYou are going to hear some information about the layout5 of the university campus. Listen carefully. Write down the names of different places in the right positions on the map.Look at the map, at the bottom of the page, find the gate.Now locate the administration building, it's between the river and the lake, close to the main road.The building behind the administration is the auditorium.Where is the library?It's on the right-hand side of the main road, close to the river.Across the main road from the library, the building by the river is the Education Department.The first building on the left-hand side of the main road is the Geography Department.The Philosophy Department is between the Education and Geography.The building at the end of the main road is the Mathematics Department.On its left is the Physics Department.And on its right, near the lake is the Chemistry Department.Another building behind the lake is the Clinic.The Chinese Department is facing the lake, across the main road.The building between the Chinese Department and the river is the Foreign Languages Department.The History Department is the first building on the right of the main road.Next to the History Department is the Psychology Department.And last the sports ground is behind the education, philosophy and geography departments.Section BA student is applying for a university.Fill in the application form with information you hear.Good morning, have a seat.Good morning, thank you.I have an application here somewhere. Yes, here it is. Your name is Robert Martin. Right?That's right, Sir.And you hope to enter our university next fall?Yes, sir, if I can make it.Fine, Bob. I notice that you finished high school a year ago.Why didn't you enter a college that year?Well, I have a sister in college now.And there's another one who will be going next year.So I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.Good, it sounds as if you are pretty responsible fellow.I see that you attended two grade schools.Yes, Sir. My first six years I went to a public school in my hometown.Then I went to an military school for two years.And came back your hometown for your high school.That's right, Sir.I see. I don't find a transcript among your papers.Do you have one?I'm not sure I know what that is.Oh, That's a list of your grades.Oh, yes. That's in the mail now.Oh, right. How were your grades?Well, pretty good until my second year in the high school.Then I guess I got a little too interested in sports.But I know I'll work hard in college.What do you want to major in?I want to major in biology.That was my best subject in high school.I'm really interested in it.That sounds fine, Bob.Have you discussed this with your teachers and your parents?Oh, sure. My science teacher thinks that's just what I ought to go into and my parents say I should make my own choice.Did you have some math and other science courses in high school?Everything they offered.And I did some extra work for my teacher,too.Well, Bob, You should get along all right here.But it's hard to keep up with both sports and studies.Yes, sir, I know.Fine, I'll hold your application until we get the transcript.When we've seen it, we'll let you know, probably in about two weeks.Thank you very much, sir.By the way, what did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things.I know I do, too.I've been fascinated9 with science since I was a child.And interest of that kind of really signifies10 something. Well, good luck, Bob.Thank you, sir, goodbye.。

Some nuclear facilities have breached many health and safety laws.More than half of the nuclear plants failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements.Tapescripts:1. With the final declaration on its role in the 21st century, the summit's statement is expected to call on UN members to make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS. More than 150 heads of state and government attended the summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history.2. The Association of South-East Asian Nations has decided to invite Burma to join its ranks, shrugging off western denunciations of the military regime in Rangoon. ASEAN foreign ministers voted on Saturday to admit Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.3. The missing, four of them teenagers, were among 35 people aboard a high school fishing vessel from Japan. On Friday, a U.S. nuclear submarine tore through the ship, sinking it within minutes. The USS Greenville, which was not seriously damaged, was performing an emergency surfacing drill when the collision occurred about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor. Coast Guard rescue teams plucked all but nine of the victims from the rough seas.4. Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunman have been raiding overnight in the West Bank and Gaza. The upsurge in violence comes after Israeli attack helicopters targeted and killed a member of an elite Palestinian security force.5. Some nuclear facilities in Japan have breached many health and safety laws. Government inspectors checked 17 nuclear plants. More than half of them failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements. Japanese nuclear regulators have been ordered to crack down following the country's worst nuclear accident in September. Sixty-nine people were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation in the accident.Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10non-permanent members.Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats.Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-yearterms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected to two-year terms each year.BSummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorTapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days. UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so importantto control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor.Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last?8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Part III Anti-piracy missionAEU’s Naval OperationThe massive problem: Piracy off Somalia’s waters … 100 ships … 16 ships … more than 350 crew members ….EU’s mission:…6 warships … 3 surveillance planes…• Aim: To deter, to prevent, to protect …• Headquarters: Near London• Duration: At least a yearsought to touch him: "Some men see things as they are and say 'Why?' I dream things that never were and say 'Why not?'" (Edward M. Kennedy 08/06/1968)3. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the State of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. (Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.28/08/1963)4. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Particularly at this time, with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. (Richard M. Nixon 08/08/1974)5. Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will... I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan ... I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York's families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers .... (Hillary Clinton 07/11/2000)。

学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。

为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。

” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。

但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。

一、多“说”。

自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。

千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。

尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。

不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。

因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。

只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。

二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。

别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。

三、多“读”。

“读”可以分为两种。

一种是“默读”。

每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。

Unit 6PartⅠA 1-(d) 2-(a) 3-(g) 4-(b) 5-(f) 6-(e) 7-(c)Paris/ 1932/ Berlin Tokyo 1972Tape script●Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.●In 1924, the first winter games were held in Chamonix.●In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate athletes in Los Angeles.●In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.●The 1956 Olympics in Melbourne were the first Olympic games to be held in the southernhemisphere.●Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.●In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic openingceremony.B baseball watch games on television or listen on the radio/ American footballplay the sport/ soccerTape script:What is the most popular sport in the United States? That may be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words “most popular.”●One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watchit played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.●Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games onthe television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.●And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play thesport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.C 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (i) 6. (c) 7. (g) 8. (b) 9. (j) 10. (f)Tape script:Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes – and up – and down – and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knees as high as you can. Hold your legs with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee – up – pull towards you –and down. Move your feet further apart, bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest.Now push your elbows back –keep your head up! And relax…feet together, and put your hands on your hips. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position – now up. Stretch your arms to the sides at shoulder height, palms up. Rotate your arms in small circles – that’s right – and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. Ok – if we’re all warmed up now, let’s begin.PartⅡA Section 11. a. friendly/warm/affectionateb. drunk/aggressive/scream/shout/push/people around/smash glasses/monsters2. He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly at footballmatches.Section 2 enjoy themselves/no aggression or violenceSection 3 rugby/tennis They sit there silently throughout.Tape script:Section 1M: I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people, and I live near a football ground, Tottenham, and on Saturday I avoid them, because they come back from the match about 6 o’ clock, drunk, aggressive – they scream, they shout, and … after the world cup Fi-, after the world cup when England got knocked out, I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don’t understand, I really don’t understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monster s.Section 2JE: But do you think that’s so of a lot of football fans? I mean, I’ve heard other people say they’ve gone to football matches and there’s been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all. And people have been… sat there, you know, quite happy, opposing teams next to each other.J: Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news. What happens when British fans go to Europe? There’s always trouble, isn’t there?M: Well, but it is, it’s not …it’s …in brazil, for example, where I’ve also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there’s no aggression or violence, or… there’s nothing like that. It seems peculiar to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.Section 3A: But perhaps it’s just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.J: But large crowds go to other kinds of matches –go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis…M: Go to pop concerts…J: If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.A: Yes, but it’s interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody’s seated….B goodwill between the nations / football or cricket / on the battle field / international sporting contests / competitive / little meaning /pick up sides/ the fun and exercise / some larger unit / aroused / school football match / the attitude of the spectators/ the nations / tests of national virtuePartⅢ A1. since 19882. in 20013. in 19484. in 19605. by 2004 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (e)Tape script:The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and The International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 tosecure this connection.The Paralympic games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it from men who suffered spinal cord injuries in world war two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.B1. wheelchair tennis and baseball2. teach all kinds of sports to disabled peopletry a sort as if they were disabled for the Paralympics3. the ability to move his legs4. his body and mind again5. wireless earphones visual interpretersTape scriptThe Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year. And since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and The International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection.The Paralympic games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England. A doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it from men who suffered spinal cord（脊髓）injuries in world war two. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part.Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. Four hundred athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic games in Athens had almost 4,000 athletes from 136 countries.Athletes may have physical or mental limitations; they may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities.Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there are more than 100 professional teams playing wheelchair basketball.Special wheelchairs for athletes are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a power wheelchair racing association.In the state of Utah there is a place called the national ability center. It teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and mental disabilities. It even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A reporter from the Washington post wanted to know what it would be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on; “take your time. You can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the national ability center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba（水肺）diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.For disabled people interested in yoga, there are special stretching exercises. Matthew Sanford knows about these. He has been in a wheelchair ever since a car accident when he lost the ability to move his legs. He was thirteen years old at the time. That was almost thirty years ago.Matthew Sanford says he has had two lives: one before he was thirteen and the other after. Ha had to learn to live a new reality. For many years, he was told to build up the strength in his arms and forget about his legs.But he says yoga enabled him to reconnect with the thirteen-year-old boy who loved his body. He says the exercises and special breathing of yoga let him connect his body and mind again. Now Matthew Sanford teaches yoga at his studio in the state of Minnesota. He also travels to talk to people about living with a disability. He says feeling connected to our body is a powerful part of living-whether we have a disability or not.Today there are more and more choices of entertainment for people with disabilities.Theaters may offer wireless earphones to make the sound louder for people with limited hearing. Some provide a visual interpreter to describe a performance or a play fro a person who is blind or has limited sight.And some movie theaters offer a new device（设备）called Mopix, for Motion Picture Access. For a person unable to hear the movie, it shows the words the actors are saying. For a person unable to see the movie, it provides a spoken description of what is happening.Unit 7Part I Section AIt's a pleasant 73 degrees here. For those of you traveling tomorrow, here is a quick look at the weather for cities around the world. In Amsterdam it should be clear tomorrow with a high 82 and a low of 70. Athens is also expected to be clear with a high 80 and a low of 70. Bangkok will be cloudy with a high 90 and a low of 75. We also expect Beijing to be cloudy with a high 96 and a low of 64. In Bogota you'll need your raincoats with rain expected and a high of only 56. At night the temperature will go down to 48. It will also rain in Cairo but much warmer with a high 93 and a low of 73. Dublin will be cloudy, as it often is at this time of year, with a high 75 and a low of 55. Istanbul will be clear with a high 86 and a low of 70 while in Moscow the weather will be cloudy and on the cool side with temperatures only reaching a high 66 and going down to 48 at night. If you don't want hot weather, stay away from New Delhi, where the temperature is expected to reach a high 112 under cloudy skies and go down to a not very comfortable low of 80. For a beautiful day go to Warsaw, where the skies will be clear and the temperature a pleasant 79 degrees going down to 59 in the evening. And that's it for weather around the world.Section BA--Stranger One B--Stranger TwoConversation 1A: Excuse me. Can you tell me where the nearest bank is?B: The nearest bank... Yeah, the closest one is on Washington Street.A: Where's that?B: OK. Go left. At the corner, turn right, and go straight for three blocks. You'll see the bank. I think it's the Town and Country Bank, on the left.A: So at the corner right, and straight for three blocks. Thanks.B: You're welcome.A--Stranger One B--Stranger TwoConversation 2A: Excuse me. Do you know where the Center Hotel is?B: You must mean the one on Center Street, right?A: Yes. That's the one.B: Go right and turn left at the corner.A: The street there? Eighth Street?B: Yeah. That's eighth. Go straight down Eighth, and at the first traffic light turn left.A: Left at the light.B: I think the hotel's the second building on the left.A: Second building on the left. I got it. Good. Thanks.B: You're welcome.A--Stranger One B--Stranger Two C--stranger ThreeConversation 3A: Pardon me how do I get to Porter Street from here?B: I'm not from around here. You'd better ask someone else.A: Excuse me. How do I get to Porter Street from here?C: Porter Street...Porter Street...Oh, yeah, that's not far at all. Go right here and go down Eighth Street...uh... that's left at Eighth. Take the second left. That's Center Street. At the next street you'll come to a traffic light.A: On Center or on Eighth?C: On Center. At the light, turn right. The next street is Porter.A: OK. Thanks a lot.Conversation 4A: I'm looking for the subway station.B: Are you going by car or on foot?A: On foot. Why? Is it far?B:15minutesA: That's OK.B: Go down to the corner and turn right at Sixth.A: Yeah.B: walk two blocks and turn left. That's Jackson Street. The station is on Jackson about a quarter of a mile from Sixth.A: So, I turn right at the corner and at the second street, i turn left and go down Jackson. That'll take me right to the station.B: That's right.Section C1. Speed limit 30 miles an hour2. End of speed limit3. Cross-roads4. Bend5. Road junction6. Hill7.road narrows8. Level crossing9. School 10. ParkingRoad SignsThese are some of the signs that you see on the roads of the Great Britain.Number one is a sign with the number thirty on it. When drivers see this sign they must not go at more than thirty miles an hour. We see this sign when we get to parts of the country where thereare many houses and other buildings,for example, when we are getting near a town. Thirty miles an hour is the speed limit.Number two is the sign for the end of the speed limit. We are out of the town now and may go at more than thirty miles an hour.Number three a sign that we are near a cross-road, that is, a place where two roads cross. We must drive carefully.Number four a sign that there is a bend in the road. Again, we must drive slowly and carefully. Number five a sign that there is another road coming in from the right. This road joins our road; there is a road junction at this place.Number six a sign that there is a hill and number seven a sign that the road gets narrow. Drivers must go slowly and carefully.Number eight shows us a gate. There is a level crossing. This is a place where a railway crosses the road. The road and the railway are at the same level. There is no bridge. A level crossing is a dangerous place. Careful drivers stop or go very slowly. Is the gate across the road open or shut? Is there a train coming?Number nine has the word "school" on it. This is a sign that there is a school at the side of the street or road. Perhaps there are children going to school or leaving school. So drivers must look carefully and go slowly until they are past the school building.Number ten is a sign with the letter p on it. The letter p is for "Parking". A parking place is a place where drivers may leave their cars. If the driver of a car wants to leave his car and go to the shops, he looks for this sign. Then he knows that he may leave his car there.Part IISection A last month / oil / the environment / cars, buses, motorized bicycles / another kind of fuel / hybrids and vehicles that use other kinds of fuels than oilSection B1. electricity/ natural gas or propane2. walking, biking, using public transportation systems3. a. changes in the world climateb. air pollutionc. health problemsEnergy saving vehiclesˈvi:əkl were part of the Green Transportation Festival in Washington D.C., last month. The vehicles are designed to reduce America's dependence on oil and help the environment. The festival takes place in several American cities.There are exhibits of cars, buses, motorized机动化bicycles at the festivals. Most of them use little gas or use another kind of fuel such as biodiesel生物柴油, electricity, hydrogen化氢, natural gas or propane丙烷. People are also urged to consider simpler ways of getting around, such as walking, biking, using public transportation systems. Personal transportation vehicles, called scooters英小型摩托车,are also gaining interest. These methods all avoid or reduce the use of gasoline and diesel柴油机fuel, which are made from oil.Individuals, students and carmakers took part in the festival. They wanted to show people what their so-called "green" vehicles could do. Teams of students competed for prizes.The United States has less than five percent of the world's population. But it uses abouttwenty-five percent of the world's oil.More than half of the nation's oil is imported进口. Most of it goes to transportation.But festival organizers say progress in technology is making it possible for Americans to reduce their dependence on oil for transportation. That is because the kinds of energy-saving vehicles are increasing. Hybrid．．．．．．混合vehicles, for example, combine a gasoline engine and an electric motor. There are thousands on the road today. They can reduce gasoline use by as much as fifty percent. Festival organizers say that efforts to reduce oil imports in the United States would also have important environmental and public health benefits. The burning of oil as fuel is responsible for a large share of he gases blamed for changes in he world climate. When gasoline is burned in cars, it also pollutes the air. This leads to breathing problems, cancer and other health problems. Organizer say that strong public demand for hybrids and vehicles that use kinds of fuels could force carmakers to produce more such vehicles. That is the goal of the Green Transportation Festival.Part IIISection A this week/ road users / the number of road accidents / take basic measures / seat belts / focus more on road safety / safer roads / traffic-free play areaSection B Children playing in the street / Young and inexperienced car drivers / badly designed / badly maintained / road users / the rulesThe United Nations has opened the world's first Road Safety Week this week in a bid to raise safety awareness among road users and to reduce the number of car accidents. This week aimed especially at young people.&&& Latest figures at the World health organization showed that road accidents are now the biggest cause of deaths among young people aged between 10 and 24. Every year almost 400,000 young people die in road accidents although the type of road accidents varies. In Africa, which has the highest proportion 比率of deaths, those killed are frequently children playing in the street because they have nowhere to go. In Asia, where two-wheel's transport is common, young people are more often involved in motor-cycle accidents. While in Europe and the United States, most victims are young and inexperienced car drivers. &&& Doctor Attian Krug at the World Health Organization says a first step to saving these lives would be to recognize that road deaths are preventable."Road traffic crashes can, to certain extent, be predicted. We know that if road is badly designed, if a car is badly maintained, of if drivers, or road users in general, don't know the rules, there's going to be crashes. We know also that we can act on these different elements of the road safety system to prevent those crashes."UN Road Safety Week aims to encourage young people to take basic measures such as wearing seat belts and car helmets but it also wants governments to focus more on road safety too by designing safer roads and building traffic-free play area for children. &&&"It's a good investment投资," the UN says, "because road traffic accidents currently cost over 500 million dollars a year. They are not just a waste of young lives by an obstacle to development." Part IVSection A 1. increasing gridlock / urgent measures to promote mass transit systems 2. Bangkok / +100 / 10 / transportation and air quality Section B1.pollution / traffic snarls / economic costs2.2. better public transportation systems / driving3. Most efficient / Fastest to implement / Low-cost Too expensive / Low return to investors and governmentsAsia's cities, boosted促进by economic prosperity繁荣, especially in China and India, are facing increasing gridlock交通全面大堵塞unless urgent measures to promote mass transit大众运输systems are promoted. This was the warning Tuesday from transport analysts分析家during a regional conference in Bangkok on sustainable可持续的transportation and air quality. &&& More than 100 transport specialists from 10 countries at the conference say the solution lies in providing better public transportation systems to lure 吸引car owners away from driving. Heather Allen, a manager with the International Association of Public Transport, says Asian cities need to stress transport systems over private car use."At the moment, I think anywhere in the world, the energy issue is very firmly on the table and the energy efficiency of public transport." She said. "Our experience and our research shows that on average you can go twice as far using public transport as you can with a private individual car."&&&Asia's love affair强烈爱好with the car appears very strong. In India, car sales in September were up almost 10 percent, while in China vehicle sales were up 33 percent from a year ago to 354,000 units. Both countries have booming economies and growing middle classes.But experts say such growth aggravated 加重the problems of increasingly crowded cities.Axel Friedrich from Germany's Federal Environmental Agency says such growth cannot be sustained维持as traffic snarls混乱increase in cities. Also, he says, more private cars aggravate pollution problems and increase economic costs because workers and cargo 货物get stuck on jammed roads.Transport analysts say that new systems such as underground railways are often too expensive and provide low returns to investors or governments.The most efficient systems and fastest to implement手段are bus systems. But Mr. Firedrich says governments often face local political and business interests when trying to put in place such efficient, low-cost transport systems.Unit 8 Trends in EconomicsPart IA.1.$25,000,000,0002.$161,000,0003.$37,000,000,000/ 28,000,000,000 dollars / $ 24,000,000,0004.30,000,0005.$1,000,000,0006. 5.5%/7.5%7.550/ 7%8.0.25% , 4.75%, 4.5%B.1. increasing their protest s against rising fuel prices2. a meeting of African nations3. the Czech Republic/ by early 2003/ a conference of EU members4. Central Bank governors/ Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United States5. reduce the amount of oil/ harming their economies6. cutting taxes on oil products7. increase trade/ bring peace and security to the area/ in Manila8. support policies that keep inflation flow9. open Japanese ports to foreign companies10. his country’s economy/ a leading manufacturing and financial centerC.1. 93,000,0002. 97,000,000/ 133,000,0003. 1.5 %, 16%4. 100,000,0005. 210, 000,000,000/ 5.1%6. 17,500,0007. 1.3% 8. 9.5%, 0.1%, 10,500,0009. 27,000,000,000 10. 0.6%Part II Arge forces/ national or international level2.unemployment and inflation/ job creation3.too high/ demands in the present/ growth and investment in the futureB1.letting inflation increase/ higher inflation2. a very high savings rateTape script:Edmund Phelps has been awarded this year’s Nobel Prize for Economics. Mr. Phelps is a professor of economics at Columbia University in New York City. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honored Mr. Phelps for his work in macroeconomics. That is the study of large forces that affect economies at the national or international level.Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. Since the 1930s, policymakers in many nations dealt with unemployment in the same way. They would let inflation increase to create jobs.For example, they would make credit贷款easier to get. As a result, people would buy more goods. Business would hire workers to meet growing demand, forcing prices up. For many years, policymakers accepted that reducing unemployment required higher inflation.Mr. Phelps found that inflation did temporarily increase employment. But he discovered that, over the long term, inflation hurt job creation. His ideas were proved by economic conditions in America in the 1970s. That period was known for “stagflation停滞性通货膨涨having high unemployment and high inflation at the same time.”Edmund Phelps also found that if employers expect low inflation in the future, they are more likely to hire workers.Today, economic policy experts believe the best way to create job is to fight inflation.Mr. Phelps also studied national savings over long periods of time. Common sense suggests that a very high savings rate is best. But, Mr. Phelps showed that national savings rates can be too high. He argued that saving too much limited demand in the present, which could slow growth.The best savings rate is not so high that it limits demand in the present. And it is not so low that it limits growth and investment in the future. Still, he argued that governments should take action to raise national savings.Edmund Phelps did much of his research in macroeconomics during the late 1960s and early 1970s. His work continues to influence economists. And it has helped change policy at central banks, which now consider fighting inflation a main goal.Part III A.1. noisy place/ bell/ lighted messages/ computers/ talk on the telephone/ shout/ run around2. experts/ salespeople/ buy & sell shares of companies3. shares4. a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchange5. prices/ go down6. prices/ go up7. a company that does not earn enough profit8. a sharp increase in the value of a stock/ something wonderful that happens unexpectedlyB.1. in 1837 in a newspaper in Illinois2. old story/ sold the skin of a bear/ before caught it3. a long connection/ bulls and bears/ in sports/ popular years ago/ England4. fish/ turn over on their backs/ die5. England/ centuries ago/ poor people/ banned/ cutting trees/ the wind blew down the tree/ take for fuelTape script:Today we tell about some American expressions that are commonly used in business.Bell sound, lighted messages appear,men and women work at computers, they talk on the telephone, at times they shout and run around. This noisy place is a stock exchange. Here experts, salespeople called brokers, buy and sell shares of companies. The shares are known as stocks. People who own stock in a company own part of that company. People pay brokers to buy and sell stocks for them. If a company earns money, its stock increases in value. If the company does not earn money, the stock decreases in value. Brokers and investors carefully watch for any changes on the big board. That is the name given to a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Exchanges. The first written use of the word with that meaning was in a newspaper in Illinois in 1837. It said, “The sales on the board were $ 1,700 in American gold.” Investors and brokers watch the big board to see if the stock market is a bull market or a bear market. In a bear market, prices go down. In a bull market, prices go up. Investors in a bear market promise to sell a stock in the future at a set price, but the investor does not own the stock yet. He or she waits to buy it when the price ducks. The meaning of a bear market is thought to come from an old story about a man who sold the skin of a bear before he caught the bear. An English dictionary of the 1660s said, “To sell a。

英语听力入门3000Unit1Unit1.World News: International RelationsContents:1. News reports2. Anti-piracy mission3. SpeechesGoals:1. To train students to recognize key words and phrases in listening2. To develop students’ ability to identify significant information in listening3. To train students to summarize the materials through listeningTeaching methods:Students’ listening; group discussion; teacher’s instructionDuration:90 minutesI.Warming upA.Words:radical ----thorough or complete; drastic 彻底的; 完全的; 激烈的: radical reforms, changes, etc彻底的改革﹑改变等guerrilla [guer·ril·la || g?'r?l?]n. soldier who engages in irregularwarfare (usually a member of a looselyorganized band of soldiers which utilizeshit-and-run methods to fight the enemy)deplete---- reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth) 大量削减（某物）的数量﹑能力或价值; 消耗: Our stock of foodis greatly depleted. 我们的食物储备已消耗殆尽. * This expense has depleted our funds. 这笔花费已使我们的资金所剩无几. * a lake depleted of fish, ie with many of thefish gone 几乎无鱼的湖.Uranium----- chemical element, a heavy grey radioactive metal used as a source of nuclear energy 铀.allay ---- / ??le?; ?ˋle/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) less; relieve 减轻; 缓和: allaytrouble, fears, suffering, doubt, suspicion减轻烦恼﹑恐惧﹑苦难﹑疑惑﹑嫌疑. disquiet: anxietyThe strength of the dollar is causing considerable disquiet on the Stock Exchange. 美元表现坚挺在证券交易所中引起很大的不安.ammunition: supply of bullets, bombs, etc. fired from weapons 弹药Kosovo科索沃---- 塞尔维亚共和国（Serbia）东南部的一个自治省，南部与阿尔巴尼亚（Albania）和马其顿（Macedonia）毗邻。

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24 BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

Unit 1 Happy Family Life （1）Part I Warming upA.Tips for a happy marriage1 Go on dates with each other. Renew romantic feelings by spendingspecial time together.2.Be as specific as you can when you complain, make a request, oroffer praise.3 When stressed by fatigue or your own insecurities，imagine you and your partner in a foxhole, surrounded by danger. Instead of striking out at your partner，find a way to protect the partnership！4. When you feel "distant，" talk about it with your partner.5。

Be assured that partners in all marriages sometimes get tired, irritable，or distracted. Work together to understand each other。

6. Respect each other. Leave if danger exists。

Find professional help if physical, sexual，emotional, or verbal abuse occurs.7 Fight to "understand,” not to ”win."Tape-scriptHere are a few general ideas I believe help make a marriage work：1. Go on dates with each other。

Unit 1Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types” – the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college oruniversity, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you. Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average” student for our purposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average” student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to entergraduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with regularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroom Passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from theLibrary, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12. on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles.The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospitalin Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: It’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to bethe fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the next century, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to PlacePartⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24 BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.。

Unit 3 Traveling from Place to PlacePart ⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thankyou.Part Ⅱ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining carHave to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.D: Yes, the plane got in at…er…10:30 and we left at 9:15.C: What time didi you have to start though in the morning?D: Well, that…er…that wa a different story, because I had to get to Victoria…um…at…you know, to get to Gatwick and it’s…er…from…er…Victoria to Gatwick three quarters of an hour. Then I had to leave home at 7:30 and get up at 6:30.C: Oh, gracious me!D: So I’m not sure if you save much really.C: Jet travel, my goodness me! It was worth the experience, though?D: Oh, I mean, you know, I’ve never flown across the south of England and it really looked absolutely fantastic, especially as we approach…approached Plymouth, you know, with this sunshine and it looked really marvelous…marvelous.C: Well, when you come up next time, would you be coming the same way?D: Oh, t don’t think so. I don’t…to be honest…hallo, isn’t that…Annabel!C: Oh it is. It’s Annabel!D: Over here, over here!A: Hallo!C: Nice to see you, my dear.A: Hallo there, how are you?C: Want a drink, my dear?A: Yes, please.C: Right, I’ll..er…fix them. You had a good journey?A: Yes, I had a lovely time, I came by train…er…it was…er…C: What time did you start then?A: Oh, about 10:30 I think. Got here about 1:30. so it’s only…what …three hours. Very quick. C: Very good. Douglas came up by plane!A: Oh, how fancy! Well, this was …er…this was a nice train, you know, very modern and comfortable. And of course loads of trans-about every hour I think.C: Oh, great. Did you get something to eat on the train?A: Yes thanks, yes. Had a nice lunch. Oh, it’s wonderful, you can sit there drinking your soup and watching the view go by. I like it…D: I bet it’s a …it’s a hell of a lot of cheaper than the plane.A: Well, actually, I thought it was quite expensive…um…unless you’ve got, you know, a student card or something.D: Oh, those days are long gone!A: But it was quite…quite…crowded. I was…I was glad I’d booked a seat, you know.D: Yes, yesPart Ⅲ ASep.4-sep.17/aug.5-aug.182double and 1single/1double and 1 big bedroom with 2single beds and a sofa 3/1full bathroom3 (kitchen, dining room, sitting-room)/2kitchen, living-sitting room √/×√(six days a week)/×￡80 for a fiesta/ ￡98 for a fiesta √/√￡570/￡270B b. terrace/ sea view d. swimming-poolConversation 1T- Travel agent C1-customer 1 (Telephone ringing)T: Hello, villa rentals, can t help you?C1: Oh, hello. I do hope so. You see my husband and I are looking for a holiday villa and we’ve heard that you have some nice places in Italy, Iniscia.T: Oh yes, madam. We’ve got several villas on offer in Iniscia. How many people would there be in your party?C1: Well, it’s just the family. You know, my husband and …the three children.T: A party of five then, yes. And er…when would you want to be there?C1: When? Erm… oh well, it would have to be in September.T: In September. Uh-huh.and for how many weeks?C1: For two actually, the first two in September.T: The first two in September. Oh, well, we’ve only got one place free then, madam. Oh, but it’s a very beautiful one, the villa Delmonti. C1: And it’s nice, is it?T: Oh, it’s an absolute dream, madam. It’s set on a hilltop with a big garden and beautiful view out over the sea towards Naples. C1: It sounds as if you’ve been there.T: Yes, for a couple of days last October on an inspection tour. And I fell in love with it at first sight. C1: Er, how many rooms has it got?T: Well, on the ground floor there are two double bedrooms, both of them beautifully decorated, a single bedroom and all three have their own bathroom and toilet facilities.Then still on the ground floor there’s a large kitchen, a large dining room and a very big outside terrace. And then upstairs it’s got a very large sitting-room with windows all around and a back garden with a big swimming pool.C1: Mm, it dose sound nice, yes. There is a maid or cleaner or something, is there?T: Oh, yes, madam, six days a week.C1: Oh, well, I dare say we can manage for the seventh. Em… what about distances? Is it far from the town and all that? Do you think we’d need a car?T: Actually we do normally advise people to hire a car.C1: And how much would a smallish car cost?T: Oh well for a …C1: You know, for a metro or a Renault five or a ford fiesta, nothing grand.T: Ah, for a fiesta, it would be about ￡80 a week.C1: And for the house for those two weeks?T: For the period of September 4th till the 17th inclusive, it would cost, mm, you’re fivepeople, let me see, um, ￡570 per person for the two weeks, including the return airfare. C1: Mm, well, it would be worse. Yes well, I’d really like to see some photographs of this place or something. Can you arrange that?T: Oh, of course, madam. We’ve got a video of it, so any time you care to come in, you could see it.C1: Oh, right. I’ll be in this afternoon. Thank you for your help.T: Don’t mention it, Madam. I’ll look forward to seeing you.C1: Good-bye. T: Bye.Conversation 2T- Travel agent C2-customer 2(Telephone ringing)T: Hello, villa rentals. Can I help you?C2: Oh, hello. Em…I…I…I’m just calling because I’ve, er…I’ve just seen your advert about apartments and villas for rent. And erm…what …could you tell me more about them please? T: Of course, madam. But could you tell me something about what you’re looking for?And…where’d you like to go? How many bedrooms you would need and so on ?C2: Ah, yes, well, erm. There’ll be the five of us. I mean, er, my husband and I and the two kids and my mother because she lost dad last year and it’s her first year without.T: Fine, I see. And would you want a house or an apartment?C2: Well, we’d like a house of course, if we can afford one, but I…T: And whereabouts? Did you have any particular place in mind?C2: Well, we wanted the Mediterranean, like Spain. Actually we thought of Minorca.T: Well, we’ve got some lovely places in Minorca, madam. C2: Oh!T: For five you said? C2: Uh-huh.T: And when would you want to be there?C2: Well, it would have to be in august because we are both off work then and it’s the school holidays, too. T: Well, how about this?C2: Uh-huh? T: Minorca, adia. Oh, that’s a beautiful place. C2: Oh.T: A little fishing village. A house for five for two weeks in august from august 5th to august 18th inclusive (uh-huh) per person, ￡270 including return flight from Gatwick.C2: Oh! Well, that’s not bad. Ho…how many rooms has it got?T: One double bedroom, then a big bedroom with two single beds and a sofa, you know, a convertible divan downstairs, full bathroom, kitchen and a large living-sitting room, anda beautiful terrace with a sea view.C2: Oh! Have you got any photographs of it?T: Yes! Actually we’ve got a video of it. So if you’d like to come into the agency…C2: Yes, I would. In fact I’ll drop in this afternoon. Mm, when are you open until?T: We close at eight tonight, madam.C2: Right. I’ll be in about six, I expect. Oh, um, just one more thing. To hire a car on the island, how much would it cost, you know, for…for a smallish one?T: Well, for a fiesta. It would cost you ￡98 a week.C2: Phew! Well, it’s probably worth it if you’re five. Well, I’ll… I’ll be in this afternoon then. Er, see you then. Er, bye-bye. Oh, and er, thanks.T: Not at all, madam. Bye.。

英语听力入门stepbystep30001学习啊学英语简单吗,肯定会有许多学生说:“难死了”。

为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢,答案只有一个:“不得法。

”英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利,那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。

但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。

一、多“说”。

自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。

千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。

尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。

不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。

因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。

只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。

二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。

别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。

三、多“读”。

“读”可以分为两种。

一种是“默读”。

每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。

Unit 1architectWalesspecificunderstandfatigue 疲劳foxhole 散兵坑，隐蔽处distracted 开小差abuse“lose-lose” solutionsattest 证明excelreside in 在于configuration 配置spousesocial backgroundsraceethnicreligionpre-industrial 工业革命前的proposecriterion 标准physical appearancefall in lovesustain 维持differentiate 使..和..有差别“just-right” wife 刚好合适的physical qualities 体格素质athleticsports qualities 运动素质vowupper portion 上半身designer clothing 量体裁衣baseball diamond 棒球场fancy-dress party 化妆舞会frizzly （小）卷的yearbook 年鉴platonic 不切实际的hit it off 投机chap 家伙trip over 绊倒Unit 2 constellation 星座Taurus 金牛座VirgoCapricorn 摩羯座Pisces 双鱼座Aquarius 水瓶座LeoCancer 巨蟹座Aries 白羊座Gemini 双子座Sagittarius 射手座centaur 半人马座Scorpio 天蝎座Libra 天秤座personality surveyaggressivejealousraise the roof 喧闹，大声抱怨a lost walletsmartidentificationself-esteemobservationactiveexpress ideasrelations with other peopleinvestigateharsh 粗糙的，刺耳的democratic 民主的depressiondrugspsycho-therapy 心理（精神）疗法public educationmoderatetether 限度，范围suppress 压制manifest 显示surly 脾气还好的cleanse 净化，纯净vent 排出ebb away 褪去dump 垃圾场；倾倒uptight 紧张的，易怒的punch 用拳猛击Unit 3opportunityprosper 成功，飞黄腾达shed light onto 使清楚地显示be blessed with 有..的福气positivecriticallyinteractencourageinvolvementdevelopmentcooperationperformancestaffenhancement 增加regardless ofconsensus 一致bond 使结合，以..作保integrity 正直，诚实，完整Kenyamaster’s degreeslum 贫民窟prospectus 内容说明书，样张leafletdiscardstinking 发恶臭的，讨厌的breadwinner 负担家计的人overdose 药量过多visa 签证initially 最初地tenacity 固执，不屈不挠resourcefulness 足智多谋bring up childrenovercome difficultyheadmistress 女校长self-publicistpoparthritis 关节炎handicap 妨碍，不利因素subordinate positionbroom 扫帚；扫除aim high 胸怀大志concentrationthrust upon 强迫承担threshold 入口，门槛janitor 守卫janitress 女门警salutary 有益的foreman 领班prime 初期；主要的scatter 分散be apt to 倾向于tumble 摔倒，倒塌speculate 推测indorse 承认，赞成surplus 剩余expenditure 支出，花费revenue 税收，收益ultimategive a shot 尝试genuinely 真诚地consideratedelegate 代表minion 属下unconditionaltarnish 失去光泽quality time 黄金时光Unit 4experienceapplicantsbachelor’s degreeresume 简历qualifiedpositioncandidateadministrationdynamic 充满活力的mobileturnover 营业额in excess of 超越audit 审计师hottest jobstissue （器官）组织culture 栽培，培植geneticdefectgenetherapy 治疗molecule 分子pharmacologic 药理学livestock 牲畜therapeutic 治疗的laden 充满的modify 修改fiddle 干涉，改变handyman 做零活的人daunt 沮丧video cassette recorder VCRdigital versatile disc DVD holographic 全息toaster 面包机diagnostics 诊断学ambient 周边的hijack 劫持；敲诈bicycle motocross racer 两轮摩托车越野赛选手championtrophy 奖品donatedSpecial Olympicshandicapped youngstersfeat 技艺awesome 敬畏的hardware 器皿set around 无所事事crippled 拐脚的gesturecollege studentbusiness experiencereal business worldresponsibilitytuition 学费，讲授ladderpayroll 工资单contracta list of questionsgive thought to 给予考虑have a clear knowledge ofsuccess and prospectsimmediate advantages 眼前的利益long-term prospects 长期的前景job preferences 对工作的喜爱future happiness and contentmentdraw up 起草bear in mindpartially 部分地，偏袒地aptitude 智能weigh 权衡a fund of 许多haphazard 偶然的；偶然事件Unit5internal-combustion engine 内燃机barometer 大气压计atmospheric pressure 大气压力Polaroid 宝丽来pendulum 钟摆diesel 柴油fuel oil 燃油dynamite 炸药kaleidoscope 万花筒harpsichord 竖琴gunsmith 造枪者blacksmith 铁匠calendarpuppet 木偶，傀儡paper clip 纸夹patentadhesive 粘性primer 涂料cellular phone 手机commission 委员会authorize 授权subscribe v.签署subscriber 订户，签署者credit with 把。