2019年高考英语语法必考考点（3）：代词
李仕才
【考点解读】
概述
一、人称代词：
人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分，有时也可作表语。不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。
【注意】在连词than和as引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句，只保留人称代词，人称代词作主语时要用主格，在口语中也常用宾格；但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。如：
My sister speaks English as well as me/I. (口语中常用me)
My sister speaks English as well as I do. (此时只能用I)
二、物主代词：
1．物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。如：
The waiters offered their food to the homeless man.
【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时，如果前面有every，each修饰，谓语动词用单数，代词用his。如：
Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers.
2. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作名词或动名词的定语。
e.g. This is our classroom.
Would you mind my opening the window?
3. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用，构成双重所有格。如：
This is her coat. Mine is over there.
Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.
三、反身代词：
1. 反身代词通常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如：
He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday.
2. 反身代词可以作主语的同位语，主要起加强语气的作用，意为“亲自，本人，亲身”。
e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves.
3. 反身代词可以在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。
e.g. —You look pale. What’s wrong with you?
—I’m not feeling myself today, not serious, though.
注意(1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(正) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
(误) Myself drove the car.
(2) 在由and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
e.g. Charles and myself saw it.
(3) 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。
e.g. No one but myself/me is hurt.
4. 反身代词的习惯搭配
(1) 介词+反身代词
for oneself 为自己；亲自地
to oneself 对自己；独用
of oneself 自动地
by oneself 独自地
(2) 动词＋反身代词
dress oneself 自己穿衣
make oneself at home 不要客气
seat oneself=be seated 就坐
teach oneself 自学
come to oneself 苏醒
devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于
enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴
help oneself to 自行取用，请自便
accustom oneself to=be accustomed to 习惯于
amuse oneself 消遣，自娱
behave oneself 表现良好
apply oneself to sth. 致力于
explain oneself 说明自己的意图
express oneself 表达自己的思想
abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放纵
四、指示代词：
1. 指上文提到的事物，一般用that，有时也用this；指下文将要提到的事物，常用this或these。如：
He said I was lying, and that was unfair. (that指代上文He said I was lying) What I want you to remember is this：Practise makes perfect. (此句中this指代下文，不能换为that)
2. that/those可作定语从句的先行词，但this/these不能；其中those可指人，但that
不能。如：She has known that which she wanted to know.
I admire those who are always helping others. (those作定语从句的先行词，指人)
五、相互代词：
相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，只有each other和one another两个词组，都表示“互相，相互”。
1. each other和one another在句中可以作动词或介词的宾语。如：
Let’s help each other and learn from each other.
They looked at one another and laughed.
2. 作定语时each other和one another须用所有格，表示“彼此的”。如：
We said hello to one another’s/each other’s family.
六、疑问代词：
1. 疑问代词后接ever的用法。
