广告英语翻译常用词汇大全
- 格式:docx
- 大小:196.16 KB
- 文档页数:18
广告英语词汇大全广告英语词汇大全:1. Advertisement 广告2. Advertising 广告业3. Advert 广告4. Advertiser 广告客户5. Target audience 目标受众6. Campaign 活动7. Brand 品牌8. Product 产品9. Service 服务10. Marketing 市场营销11. Promotion 促销12. Sales 销售13. Endorsement 背书,认可14. Sponsor 赞助商15. Commercial 商业广告16. Advertisement agency 广告代理机构17. Public relations 公共关系18. Media 媒体19. Print media 印刷媒体20. Television 电视21. Radio 广播22. Newspaper 报纸23. Magazine 杂志24. Billboard 广告牌25. Web banner 网页横幅广告26. Social media 社交媒体27. Online marketing 网络营销28. Direct marketing 直接营销29. Promotional material 促销材料30. Logo 商标31. Slogan 口号32. Jingle 广告歌33. Call to action 行动号召34. Incentive 奖励35. Discount 折扣36. Free 免费37. Sale 销售活动38. Limited time offer 限时优惠39. Special offer 特别优惠40. Exclusive 独家的41. New 新品42. Innovative 创新的43. Best-selling 畅销的44. High quality 高质量45. Affordable 价格合理的46. Reliable 可靠的47. Eco-friendly 环保的48. Trendy 时尚的49. Unique 独特的50. Effective 有效的希望以上词汇能对您有所帮助!广告英语词汇大全继续:51. Innovative 创新的:在广告世界中,创新是关键。
广告语翻译2.Ask for more. 渴望无限。
(百事流行鞋)3. Obey your thirst. 服从你的渴望。
(雪碧)4. Feel the new space. 感受新境界。
(三星电子)5. Focus on life. 瞄准生活。
(奥林巴斯相机)6. Good to the last drop. 滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。
(麦氏咖啡)7. A Kodak moment. 就在柯达一刻。
(柯达胶卷) Share moments. Share life. (柯达胶卷)8. Started Ahead. 成功之路,从头开始。
(飘柔洗发水)9. Make yourself heard. 理解就是沟通。
(爱立信手机)10. Intelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎,无处不在。
(摩托罗拉手机)11. The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。
(百事可乐)12. We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成,您超越自我。
(三菱电工)13. The relentless pursuit of perfection. 不懈追求完美。
(凌志轿车)14. Poetry in motion, dancing close to me. 动态的诗,向我舞近。
(丰田汽车) Where there is a way, there is a T oyota.有路就有丰田车.(丰田汽车)15. Let's make things better. 让我们做得更好。
(飞利浦电器)16. Good teeth, good health. 牙齿好,身体就好。
(高露洁牙膏)17. Can't beat the real thing. 挡不住的诱惑。
(可口可乐) Things go better with Coco-Cola.(Coco-Cola)饮可口可乐,万事如意。
英文广告词汇总1. Apple thinks different. 苹果电脑,不同凡想。
(苹果电脑)2. Not all cars are created equal. 并非所有的汽车都有相同的品质。
(三菱汽车)3. Anything is possible. 没有不可能的事。
1. Time always follows me. (Rossini) 时间因我存在。
(罗西尼表)2. Buickyour key to a better life and a better world. ( Buick) 别克通往美好生活的秘诀。
(别克)3. To be true forever. (Haier) 真诚到永远。
你只看到富帅的中华,却没看到屌丝的红塔你有你的男神,我有我的女屌你嘲笑我三分女友,我可怜你为钱生逼你可以轻视我的眼光,我会证明屌丝虽比富帅穷,但心比富帅红屌丝是注定默默地逆袭,路上少不了质疑和嘲笑,但那又怎么样,哪怕1, beautiful from here.2, our clothing will give you sufficient self-confidence!3, I served my clothes4, no pomegranate skirt, the same let you bow down!5, until the long-Jun not to, continued from clothing edge.1. Swatch: time is what you make of it.斯沃奇手表:天长地久2. Kodak: a Kodak moment柯达相纸/胶卷:就在柯达一刻3. Olympus: focus on life奥林巴斯:瞄准生活。
4. The new digital era.数码新时代。
1. Goldman Sachs: Our Clients Interests Always Come First2. Hilton Hotels: Take Me To The Hilton3. Honda: Power of Dreams4. Hudsons Bay Company: We are Canadas Merchants5.1. Kohls: Expect Great Things2. Konica Minolta: The Essentials of Imaging3. Kroger: Right Store, Right Price4. Lehman Brothers: Where Vision Gets Built5. LevelVision LLC: Engaging People6. LOreal: Because Im Worth It7.1. Crest toothpaste: behind that healthy smile, there's a Crest kid. 佳洁士牙膏:健康笑容来自佳洁士2. Levi's: quality never goesout of style 列维斯(牛仔服装):质量与风格共存。
广告行业常用单词Session会议Bulletin公告;公报Underscore强调;划线于……下Make out a case for阐明论据Curb 路边Setback 抑制,挫折;退步,逆流Coupon 优惠券;息票;赠券;联票Metro地铁;大都市Online activation线上启动;在线激活Creative adj 1.创造性的;有创造力的;2.创造的;创作的;3.产生的,引起…的(常与of连用)n.(美国俚语)富与创造力的人,创造人员(尤指广告制作者),广告设计(制作)者;广告宣传策划者。
Traffic n.1、交通;往来;通行;交通量;2、运输;运输业;运输量;3、(某一运输公司在一定时期内的)货运量;客流量。
vi.1、做…买卖(尤指进行非法交易)(与in连用):to traffic in guns (买卖枪炮);2、与…做买卖:to traffic with France(与法国进行贸易);3、走来走去,来来往往;vt. 1、做…生意;以…做交易;出卖…;to traffic illicit merchandise (做违禁商品买卖); 2、在…上通行 a heavily trafficked street(行人车辆很多的街道)。
短语:arterial traffic 交通干线Have no traffic with 和…没交往The traffic will bear 目前情况所允许的Illicit/i’lisit/ adj. 违法的,违禁的;非法的,不合法的;不正当的,不适当的;Merchandise n. 商品、货物;商业; vi.做买卖,经商;vt. 1、经营,买卖;2、推销,销售;3、宣扬,吹捧,使被接受,试被相信。
Merchant n.商人,批发商,零售商,零售商店店主,入迷的人,热衷者;Adj. 商人的,商业的,商船的Vt. 经营,买卖,推销。
Arterial adj.动脉的,主干的,干线的;n. (河流等的)主流,(铁路、公路等的)主干,干线,干道。
广告英语单词广告是商业传播的重要手段之一。
在广告领域,英语单词被广泛应用,起到准确表达和传递信息的作用。
本文将介绍一些常用的广告英语单词,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些单词。
一、广告类型相关单词1. Advertisement (广告) - 指商业活动中通过媒体传递信息的方式,以促进销售、推广产品或服务。
2. Commercial (商业广告) - 在电视、广播等媒体上播放的广告,通常是为了推销商品或服务而制作的。
3. Print ad (印刷广告) - 出现在各种印刷媒体中的广告形式,如报纸、杂志、海报等。
4. Online ad (在线广告) - 在互联网上进行的广告宣传活动,包括横幅广告、弹窗广告、搜索引擎广告等。
5. Social media ad (社交媒体广告) - 在社交媒体平台上进行的广告投放,如Facebook广告、Instagram广告等。
二、广告策略相关单词1. Target audience (目标受众) - 广告活动所针对的特定人群或受众群体。
2. Branding (品牌营销) - 通过广告手段来塑造和推广企业或产品的品牌形象。
3. Advertising campaign (广告活动) - 针对特定目标的一系列广告策划和执行活动,通常有时间限制。
4. Promote (促销) - 通过广告手段宣传和推广产品或服务,以增加销售和知名度。
5. Call to action (号召行动) - 在广告中明确要求受众采取某种行动的表达方式,如“点击链接”、“拨打电话”等。
三、广告效果相关单词1. Impressions (曝光量) - 广告在特定时间内出现或被播放的次数,可用于衡量广告的露出度。
2. Click-through rate (点击率) - 在线广告中,广告被点击的次数与广告的曝光量之比,用于衡量广告的点击效果。
3. Conversion rate (转化率) - 广告获得实际转化行为(如购买、注册等)的比例,用于衡量广告的营销效果。
各种广告的英文表达
product placement=植入广告
ad=advertisement=(印刷媒体)广告
commercial=(电视、广播)广告
billboard=(户外大型)广告牌
poster=(户外较小的)海报
junk mail=垃圾邮件
flyer=(大马路上发的)传单
blurb=(书封面上的)推荐广告
banner ad=(网站上的)广告条
pop-up ad=(网站上的)弹出广告
classified ad=(报纸的)分类广告
personal ad=(报纸的)求偶广告
teaser ad=悬念广告(一系列广告中的一个,留下悬念吸引大家看下一个广告)promo=广告短片
jingle=广告歌
advertising slogan=广告语
advertising agency=广告公司
commercial break=(电视、广播节目插播的)广告时间
如果你也一直好奇advertise、advertising、advertisement的区别——> advertise=(动词)做广告
advertising=(名词)做广告、和广告相关的东东ad=advert=advertisement=(名词)一则广告>>长知识了吧?。
广告英语翻译常用词汇产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚,深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and So uth East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.畅销全球selling well all over the world典雅大方elegant and graceful定型耐久durable modeling方便顾客making things convenient for customers方便群众making things convenient for the people。
to suit the people's convenience方便商品convenience goods方便生活bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life。
pr oviding amenities for the people。
making life easier for the p opulation各式俱全wide selection。
large assortment顾客第一Customers first顾客是我们的皇帝We take customers as our Gods.规格齐全a complete range of specifications。
complete in speci fications花样繁多a wide selection of colours and designs货色齐全goods of every description are available.客商第一,信誉第一clients first, reputation first款式多样a great variety of models款式活泼端庄vivid and great in style款式齐全various styles款式新颖attractive designs。
广告业常用英文术语广告业常用英文术语:作为一种重要的商业行为,广告业在现代经济社会中发挥着至关重要的作用。
对于广告人来说,纵横业界,常用的各种术语是必备的话语工具,因为熟悉和掌握这些术语,可以帮助他们更精准地传达信息,更好地理解客户需求和市场趋势。
以下是一些广告业常用英文术语。
1. Above-the-line (ATL) –广告活动的大众广告,包括电视、广播、报纸、杂志等2. Below-the-line (BTL) –广告活动的非大众广告,包括促销活动、直邮、电子邮件、户外广告等3. Unique selling proposition (USP) –唯一销售点,指产品或服务的独特之处,可以让消费者更倾向于购买4. Call-to-action (CTA) –行动号召,指向观众发出购买、注册、留言等行动的呼吁5. Brand awareness –品牌知名度,指消费者对品牌的熟知程度6. Brand equity –品牌资产,指品牌在消费者心目中的价值7. Brand persona –品牌人设,指品牌从营销角度构造的人格形象,以便消费者更好地理解品牌属性8. Target audience –目标受众,指营销活动的主要受众群体9. Conversion rate –转化率,指广告导致观众采取行动的比率10. Click-through rate (CTR) –点击率,指在数字广告中,观众点击广告的比率11. Cost-per-click (CPC) –每点击费用,指数字广告中,每个点击的成本12. Cost-per-impression (CPI) –千次曝光成本,数字广告中,每一千次广告曝光的成本13. Return-on-investment (ROI) –投资回报率,指广告投入与收益的比率14. Key performance indicator (KPI) –关键绩效指标,指用来衡量广告活动成功与否的指标15. Unique visitor –独立访客,指访问页面的独立用户数量16. Impressions –曝光量,指广告被展示的次数17. Reach –覆盖人数,指广告活动能够覆盖到的人群比例18. Frequency –频次,指观众看到同一广告的次数19. Native advertising –原生广告,指通过与内容相结合来欺骗观众认为这是一个有机性的内容20. Programmatic advertising –程序化广告,指使用电脑算法来自动购买和展示广告空间。
广告词汇中英文对照引言广告是商业领域中一种常见的营销手段,通过吸引和引导消费者来推销产品或服务。
在广告中,使用了大量的词汇来表达各种各样的信息。
了解广告领域中的常用词汇对于理解和撰写广告文案非常重要。
本文将介绍一些常见的广告词汇,并提供其中英文对照。
热词在广告领域中,有一些特别常用的词汇,称为热词。
下面是一些常见的热词及其中英文对照:•优惠 (Discount)•折扣 (Sale)•限时特惠 (Limited Time Offer)•免费 (Free)•特价 (Special Price)•促销 (Promotion)•独家 (Exclusive)•立即购买 (Buy Now)•买一送一 (Buy One Get One Free)•新品 (New Arrival)•畅销 (Best Seller)•限量版 (Limited Edition)•开箱即售 (Ready to Use)•惊喜 (Surprise)•即将上市 (Coming Soon)•最后机会 (Final Chance)•阶梯定价 (Tiered Pricing)•竞争优势 (Competitive Advantage)•全场打折 (Storewide Sale)•特别推荐 (Highly Recommended)商品描述在广告中,对商品或服务进行描述是非常重要的。
下面是一些常见的商品描述词汇及其中英文对照:•高品质 (High Quality)•实用 (Practical)•耐用 (Durable)•舒适 (Comfortable)•独特 (Unique)•时尚 (Fashionable)•精致 (Exquisite)•强力 (Powerful)•省时 (Time-saving)•绿色环保 (Green and Environmentally Friendly)•多功能 (Multifunctional)•方便携带 (Portable)•全新升级 (New and Improved)•强大性能 (Outstanding Performance)•快速安装 (Quick and Easy Installation)•一流工艺 (First-class Craftsmanship)•高保真音质 (High-fidelity Sound Quality)•无线连接 (Wireless Connectivity)•经济实惠 (Economical)营销策略广告中常常使用各种营销策略来吸引消费者。
广告专业翻译词汇汇总手册版可对折 制成简易指南 随身携带汉译英社论式广告advertorial倡导广告advocacy advertising伏击式营销ambush marketing视听材料audiovisual materials公告牌bulleting boards社会参与community involvement企业广告corporate advertising企业识别广告corporate identity advertising危机管理crisis management娱乐entertainment展品exhibits特写feature articles内部通报house organ以货代款in kind机构广告institutional advertising游说lobbying前期市场企业广告market prep corporate advertising 营销公关marketing public relation新闻简报news/press release意见抽样opinion sampling慈善行为philanthropy招贴posters传媒炒作press agentry传媒工具press/media kit公共事务public affairs公共关系户public relations公共关系广告public relations advertising宣传publicity公众publics 招聘广告recruitment advertising声望经营reputation management撰写讲演稿speech writing赞助sponsorship赛场营销venue marketing新闻通报录像video news release执行证明书affidavit of performance受众构成audience composition受众占有率audience share时间表avails一刻平均听众数average quarter-hour audience 一刻平均收听率average quarter-hour rating一刻平均占有率average quarter-hour share交换辛迪加barter syndication无线电视broadcast TV有线电视cable TV单位成本CPP千人成本CPM累积听众数cumulative persons累积收听率cumulative rating时段组合day-part mix预定市场区域designated market areas班车时间drive time首播辛迪加first-run syndication毛评点gross rating points开机家庭HUT形象移植imagery transfer信息式广告informercial互相连接interconnect存货inventory地方时间local time赔偿条件make-goods广播电视网networks网外辛迪加off-network syndication 协办participation basis占位价格preemption rate黄金时段prime time节目式广告PLA节目收率视program rating节止编排形式programming formats 视听率调查服务公司rating services 电台指定时间run-of-station赞助sponsorship点播广播spot announcement点播广播spot radio受众总数total audience总体受众计划total audience plan 电视家庭TVHH特高频UHF甚高频VHF广告网络ad networks广告查询ad request横幅广告banner阔幅说明书broadsides手册brochures商业回邮件business reply mail按钮button有线调制解调器cable-modem目录catalogs光驱CD-ROM 分类广告Web站classified ad Web site点击率click rate点进率click-throughs编辑名录compiled lists小甜饼cookies立体创意直邮creative dimensional direct mailing 数字互动媒介digital interactive media直接电脑Direct PC直邮广告direct-mail advertising折页folders主页home pages专属名录houselists内部刊物house organs互动电视interactive TV互联网Internet互联网服务供应商Internet service provider插播广告interstitial关键词keyword电脑亭kiosk信件公司letter shop名录经纪人list broker邮件反应名录mail-response lists明信片postcards推播技术push technology销售信函sales letters搜索引擎search engines邮简self-mailers赞助sponsorship公告书statement stuffersWeb浏览器Web browser网页Web pageWeb电视Web TV万维网World Wide Web广告调查advertising research态度测试attitude tests中心场所测试central location tests混杂测试clutter tests直接提问法direct questioning试验法experimental method小组讨论focus group正试调查formal research成见效应halo effect深度访问in-depth interview非正式/试调查informal research查询测试inquiry tests深度调查技术intensive techniques营销信息系统marketing information system, MIS 营销调查marketing research市场markets媒介种类media class媒介调查media research媒介细分media subclass媒介单位media units媒介载体media vehicles产品merchandise讯息message动机motives非概率抽样nonprobability samples观察法observation method事后测试posttesting 事前测试pretesting初级信息primary data投射法projective techniques定性调查qualitative research定量调查quantitative research随机概率抽样random probability samples 回忆测试recall tests信度reliability销售测试sales tests样本sample样本单位sample units二级信息secondary data全面调查survey试验市场test market通用产品代码universal product code母体universe效度validity广告印象advertising impression广告反应曲线advertising response curve 注意度attention value受众audience受众目标audience objectives间歇式排期blinking品牌开发指数brand development index集中式bursting品种开发指数category development index 发行量circulation持续性continuity持续式continuous schedule成本效益cost efficiency单位成本cost per point千人成本cost per thousand创意组合creative mix分布目标distribution objectives有效频次effective frequency有效到达率effective reach暴露值exposure value市场、资金、媒介、组合、方法5Ms 起伏式flighting schedule频次frequency总印象gross impressions毛评点gross rating points市场markets组合mechanics媒介media媒介策划media planning媒介载体media vehicles讯息力度message weight方法methodology组合媒介法mixed-media approach 资金money驱动值motivation value看见机会opportunity to see脉冲式pulsing schedule视听率rating到达率reach每册读者数readers per copy近期策划recency planning路障式roadblocking外溢媒介spillover media 增效效应synergy电视户television households发行量审核局ABC出血bleed批量折扣bulk discounts行业杂志business magazines发行量审核circulation audit分类广告classified ads纽约分类广告网络CANNY分类图片广告classified display ads 截稿日期closing date彩色样品纸条color strip混合收费制combination rates消费者杂志consumer magazines合同收费制contract rate赠阅发行controlled circulation联合形式cooperative/co-op programs 千人成本CPM封面日期cover date封面位置cover position购物杂志custom magazine日报daily newspapers人口版demographic editions图片广告display advertising实际收费earned rates农业刊物farm publications统一收费制度flat rate香味纸条fragrance strips频率折扣frequency discounts黄金版位full position门式折页gatefold地理版geographic editions基本发行量guaranteed circulation横向刊物horizontal publication独立购物指南independent shopping guide 插页insert加插刊登通知insertion order岛形半版island halves小单元junior unit地方城市杂志local city magazine杂志出版人协会MPA媒介采购员media buyer媒介标尺调查有限公司MRI全国性杂志national magazines全国性价格national rate美国报业协会NAA报纸版面库NSB上市日期on-sale date公开收费制度open rate订阅发行paid circulation自动弹启式广告pop-up ad.自选版位费preferred-position rates预印广告插页preprinted inserts初级发行量primary circulation清样proof copy公告public notice费率基准rate base价目表rate card阅读告示reading notice地区性刊物regional publications 任意版位费制ROP advertising rates二级读者量secondary/pass-along readership欠资收费制short rate赛蒙斯市场调查局SMRB多胞胎版split runs标准广告单位SAU标准收费与数据服务公司SRDS标准型报纸standard-size newspaper周日增刊Sunday supplement小报型报纸tabloid newspaper撕样tear sheets三维广告3-D ads纵向刊物vertical publication数量折扣volume discounts周报weekly newspapers广告津贴advertising allowance回购津贴buyback allowance目录catalog减价促销cents-off promotion套装赠送combination offer公司大会与经销商聚会company conventions & dealer meetings消费者销售推广consumer sales promotion竞赛contest联合广告cooperative/co-op advertising优惠券coupons顾客终身价值customer lifetime value数据进入data access数据管理data management数据库database数据库营销database marketing直接营销direct marketing直接反应广告direct-response advertising 直接销售战略direct-sales strategy直接销售direct selling陈列津贴display allowance易地销售diverting电子优惠券electronic coupons提前购买forward buying广告插页free-standing inserts游戏game店内样品试用in-store sampling联络媒介linkage media人员销售personal selling售点材料point-of-purchase materials什锦袋装样品polybagging奖品premiums拉式战略pull strategy推销奖金push money/spiffs推式战略push strategy部分退款rebates近期、频次、货币方程RFM formula销售推广sales promotion样品试用sampling货位津贴slotting allowance抽奖sweepstake电话营销telemarketing贸易广告trade advertising贸易集中trade concentration贸易折扣trade deals 贸易推广trade promotion明确表示affirmative disclosure美国广告联盟AAF美国广告公司协会AAAA全国性广告主协会ANA商业促进局BBB停止/中止令cease-and-desist order比较广告comparative advertising服罪判决书consent decree消费者保护团体consumer advocate消费者信息网络consumer information networks消费者保护主义consumerism版权copyright更正广告corrective advertising欺骗性广告deceptive advertising推荐endorsements道德广告ethical advertising联邦通讯委员会FCC联邦贸易委员会FTC食品与药品管理局FDA知识产权intellectual property长期宏观论long-term macro arguments全国广告处NAD国家广告审查局NARB国家广告审查委员会NARC非产品事实nonproduct facts营养标识与教育法Nutritional Labeling and Education Act 专利patent隐私权privacy rights夸大puffery短期操纵论short-term manipulative arguments社会责任social responsibility潜意识广告subliminal advertising证据substantiation证实testimonials商标trademark不正当广告unfair advertising美国专利与商标署U.S.Patent and Trademark Office 行为广告action advertising实际消费者actual consumer广告advertising农业广告agricultural advertising作者author自传式讯息autobiographical message知晓广告awareness advertising品牌术branding工商广告business advertising企业对企业广告business-to-business advertising渠道channel辅助材料collateral materials消费者广告consumer advertising消费者consumer译码decode直接反应广告direct-response advertising戏剧式讯息drama message编码encode农场广告farm advertising反馈feedback全球性广告global advertising商品goods 观点ideas形象广告image advertising预定消费者implied consumer工业时期industrial age工业化时期industrializing age国际广告international advertising地方性广告local advertising营销marketing营销传播marketing communications营销公关marketing PR媒介medium讯息message叙述式讯息narrative message全国性广告national advertising噪音noise非商业广告noncommercial advertising 非产品广告nonproduct advertising人物persona人员销售personal selling后工业时期postindustrial age前工业化时期preindustrial age过程process产品product产品广告product advertising专业广告professional advertising公共关系public relations公共关系活动public relations activities 公共关系广告public relations advertising 受者receiver区域性广告regional advertising常规价格广告regular price-line advertising零售广告retail advertising销售推广sales promotion服务services信源source广告主/出资人sponsor资助性消费者sponsorial consumers目标受众target audience目标市场target market贸易广告trade advertising广告讯息advertising message广告计划advertising plan广告战略advertising strategy自下而上式营销bottom-up marketing传播媒介communications media企业目标corporate objectives创意组合creative mix试验调查法empirical research method整合营销传播integrated marketing communication顾客终身价值lifetime customer value营销目标marketing objectives营销计划marketing plan营销战略marketing strategy需求一满足式目标need-satisfying objectives目标/任务法objective/task method销售百分比法percentage-of -sales method产品概念product concept关系营销relationship marketing销售定向式目标sales-target objectives市场份额法/广告份额法share-of-market/share-of-voice method形势分析situation analysis利益相关者stakeholderSWOT分析(优势、弱势、机遇与威胁)strength/weakness/opportunity/threat analysis战术tactics目标受众target-audience自上而下式营销top-down marketing态度attitude品牌兴趣brand interest品牌忠诚brand loyalty企业市场business markets影响中心centers of influence有意劝服路径central route to persuasion认知cognition消费行为consumer behavior消费者决策过程consumer decision making process消费者市场consumer markets文化culture现有顾客current customers详尽可能性模型Elaboration Likelihood Model环境因素environment选择评估evaluation of alternatives评估标准evaluative criteria参考组evoked set交换exchange政府市场government markets习惯habit需要层次hierarchy of needs工业市场industrial markets信息性动机informational motives人际影响interpersonal influences认知learning市场market卖主marketers营销marketing大脑档案mental files动机motivation需要needs被动生成动机negatively originated motives 非人员影响nonpersonal influences舆论领袖opinion leader集团买主organizational buyers感知perception感知过滤perceptual screens无意劝服路径periphial route to persuasion 个人过程personal processes劝服persuasion生理过滤physiological screens主动生成动机positively originated motives 购后失调学说postpurchase dissonance购后评估postpurchase evaluation潜在顾客prospective customers心理过滤psychological screens参照人群reference groups经销商市场reseller markets选择性感知selective perception自我意识self-concept社会阶层social classes刺激stimulus 亚文化subculture认知失调学说theory of cognitive dissonance 转换性动机transformational motives国际市场transnational markets效用utility欲望wants地理人口细分geo-demographic segmentation 地理细分geographic segmentation成长期growth stage隐性差异hidden differences独立品牌individual brand诱导性差异induced differences密集分销intensive distribution引入期introductory phase特许品牌licensed brand市场细分market segmentation营销组合marketing mix成熟期maturity stage全国性品牌national brand网络营销network marketing非人员传播nonpersonal communication人员型服务people-based service显性差异perceptible differences人员传播personal communication定位position价格因素price element初级需求primary demand首要需求趋势primary demand trend私家品牌private label产品概念product concept产品因素product element产品生命周期product life cycle消费心态细分psychographic segmentation消费心态psychographic宣传publicity拉pull拉式战略pull strategy购买时机purchase occasion推入push推式战略push strategy转销商reseller销售推广sales promotion选择性需求selective demand选择性分销selective distribution服务service特别事件special events标准工业分类代码Standard Industrial Classification Codes 目标市场target market目标营销过程target marketing process电话营销telemarketing使用率usage rates用户身份user status垂直营销体系vertical marketing system用量细分volume segmentation客户主管、客户联络AEs客户策划account planning广告代理公司advertising agency艺术指导art directors美术工作室art studios全国性广告主协会ANA 品牌经理brand manager企业对企业广告公司business-to-business agency集中式广告部centralized advertising department分类广告classified advertising清仓广告clearance advertising联合广告cooperative advertising文案copy文案人员copywriters创意工作室creative boutique创意总监creative director分散式体制decentralized system部门式departmental system发展期development stage数字互联媒介digital interactive media直邮广告direct-mail advertising电子媒介electronic media手续费——代理费混合制fee-commission combination 外国媒介foreign media全面服务公司full-service advertising agency普通消费者广告公司general consumer agency全球性卖主global marketers集团式group system横向联合广告horizontal cooperative advertising专属广告公司in-house agency奖励制incentive system独立制作社independent production house独立调查公司independent research company机构广告institutional advertising整合营销传播integrated marketing communications 互联广告公司interactive agency国际广告公司international agency国际媒介international media国际化架构international structure地方性广告local advertising地方广告公司local agency维持期maintenance stage经营总监management supervisors差价markup媒介media媒介购买公司media-buying service媒介代理费media commission跨国公司multinational corporations全国性广告主national advertiser全国性广告公司national agency户外广告outdoor advertising点point关系预备期pre-relationship stage印刷媒介print media印刷厂printers产品广告product advertising区域性广告主regional advertiser区域性广告公司regional agency常规价格广告regular.price-line advertising 截留费制retainer system减价广告sale advertising销售推广部sales promotion department推测性提案speculative presentation直接费制straight-fee system下游公司supplier终结期termination stage 交通广告transit advertising纵向联合广告vertical cooperative advertising 网络设计社Web design house广告礼品advertising specialty自动取款机ATM基本巴士单位basic bus展台Booths路牌bulletin structure车内尾部招贴car-end posters电影贴片广告cinema advertising名录Directories8张招贴eight-sheet posters电子显示屏electronic signs陈列品Exhibits陈列媒介exhibitive media全面登场full showing全球定位系统GPS车内广告牌inside cards100露出数100showing户外媒介out-of-home media车体招贴outside posters包装Packaging奖品Premiums产品安插product placement登场Showing看板Spectaculars标准户外广告standardized outdoor advertising 成品招贴stock posters优惠赠券take-ones出租车外壳taxicab exteriors终点站招贴terminal posters30张招贴架30-sheet poster panel整车牌位total bus商业展示会trade shows交通广告transit advertising车站棚广州广告transit shelter advertising 录像手册video brochure广告讯息advertising message艺术Art艺术指导art direction艺术家Artist美术总监art director大创意big idea头脑风暴法Brainstorming传播媒介communications media概念化Conceptualization方案人员Copywriter创意纲要creative brief创意总监creative director创意过程creative process创意金字塔creative pyramid创意creative创造creativity感性诉求emotional appeals控险家explorer事实型思维fact-based thinking信息性informational法官judge指定mandatories讯息战略message strategy 非文字Nonverbal产品概念product concept理性诉求rational appeals目标受众target audience技巧technical转换性transformational价值型思维value-based thinking文字的verbal形象化visualization战士warrior样片animatic动画技法animation techniques声频audio艾耶1号式Ayer No.1利益式标题benefit headlines正文body copy粗体boldface照相制版camera-ready art表演纲要casting brief结尾close命令式标题command headlines末稿comprehensive layout/comp演示demonstration设计design技巧式正文device copy对白/独白式正文dialog/monologue copy 旁白donut标题headline吸引技巧hook图标icon插图画家illustrators企业形象式正文institutional copy整合广告integrated commercial内容段落interior paragraphs斜体italic歌谣式jingles肩题kicker布局图layout预备段落lead-in paragraph生活方式式技法lifestyle techniques标志logotypes助记手段mnemonic device音乐式广告musical commercials音乐标志musical logo叙述式正文narrative copy新闻/信息式标题news/information headlines 出镜头on camera拼版paste up摄影师photographers图片说明式正文picture-caption copy方框图片式布局picture-window layout招贴式格式poster-style format主持人式广告presenter commercial启发式标题provocative headlines疑问式标题question headlines广播人物radio personality脚本script印签seal签名signature cuts生活片段slice of life 口号slogans故事板storyboard故事板草图storyboard roughs直截了当式straight announcement 直接推销式正文straight-sell copy 副标题subhead标题句taglines证言testimonial正文text主题句theme lines小样thumbnail收尾trial close图形部分visuals旁白voiceover模拟校样analog proof动画animation合成片answer print光圈aperture音控台audio console底片base art出血版bleeds蓝线blueline照相排版术camera-ready art字符计算式character-count method 电影摄影师cinematographer截止期closing date色基color key分色color separation连续调continuous tones控制室control room组排copy cast封面纸cover paper青、黄、红、黑印刷CYMK printing 数字媒介digital media数字校样digital proof数码视频效应装置DVE units导演director特排字体display type复制带dubs拷贝dupes电子制作electronic production晒版台纸flats一套铅字font四色印刷four-color process网目凸版halfone plate网屏halftone screen互动电视interactive TV任务夹job jacket出格kerning电脑亭kiosk加空铅leading硬性软片line film线画版line plate实景真人live action外景地location制片场lot指令mandatories公共场所mass audience venue母带master tape合成样片mixed interlock 助记手段mnemonic device多媒体演示multimedia presentation正色投影胶片orthographic film透明塑料膜overlay个人场所personal audience venue平台使用费platform licensing后期制作阶段postproduction phase开印前阶段prepress phase预备阶段preproduction phase印刷制作经理print production manager 印刷制作过程print production process 非公开场所private audience venue制片人producer制作阶段production phase复映复播追加酬金residual fee反差套印reverse knockout无衬线字体sans serif最低合同工资scale衬线字体serif一场session特技special effects插播广告spots剥版stripping叠supers演播人员talent自动台词提示器teleprompter课本纸text paper正文字体text type合套trap字系type families排印工艺typography网页Web page单词计算式word-count method工作样片work print书写纸writing paper英译汉above-the-line advertising 线上广告account executive (AE) 客户经理account service 客户服务advertising agency 广告代理商advertising campaign 广告活动advertising department 广告部airport advertising 机场广告animation 动画appeal 诉求area sampling 区域抽样audience 受众audience composition 受众构成audience share 受众份额audio-visual advertising 视听广告Audit Bureau of Circulation 销数审计局below-the-line advertising 线下广告billboard advertising 路牌广告brand advertising 品牌广告brand preference 品牌偏好brand insistence 品牌坚持brand loyalty 品牌忠诚brand name 产品名称brand share 品牌占有率budget 广告预算percentage of sales method 销售额百分率法competitive parity method 竞争对抗法objective and task method 目标和任务法bus stop pillar advertising 站牌广告bus stop shelter advertising 候车停广告buyer’s marke t 买方市场cinema advertising 电影院广告classified advertising 分类广告color separation 分色Commission 佣金community advertising 社区广告competition analysis 竞争分析cost per response 每一反应代价cost per thousand 千人成本coupon 折价券coupon advertising 赠券广告coverage 覆盖面creative advertising agency 创意广告代理商cumulative audience 累计受众cut in 插入cyclic advertising 循环性广告demands 需求demonstration 演示diary survey 日记本调查direct mail (DM) 直接邮递direct mail (DM) advertising 直接邮递广告direct-response advertising 直接反应广告discount 折扣domestic market 国内市场exchange advertising 交换广告export advertising 出口广告fixed day 指定日期free advertising 免费广告frequency 频率full service advertising agency 全面服务的广告代理商gift advertising 赠品广告global brand 全球品牌hard-sell advertising 硬销售广告image advertising 形象广告impact advertising 有冲击力的广告inadequate advertising 不适当广告inflight advertising 飞行中广告insert 插页insertion order 广告订单job press 零件印刷justify 整版key media problem 媒介的主要问题key word 中心词lamp post advertising 路灯柱广告large-scale advertising 大规模的广告layout 构图版式light box advertising 灯箱广告local (regional) advertising 地区性广告logotype、logo 标志magazine advertising 杂志广告mail order advertising 邮购广告mail survey 邮寄调查mailing list 寄发表maintenance advertising 维持性广告margin 页边空白market research 市场调查market segmentation 市场细分化media buying 媒介购买media department 媒介部门media evaluation 媒介评价media mix 媒介组合media objectives 媒介目标media recommendations 媒介介绍media research 媒介调查media service 媒介服务media strategy 媒介策略national advertising 全国性广告neon light advertising 霓虹灯广告newspaper advertising 报纸广告outdoor advertising 户外广告pass on readership 传阅读者penetration 渗透度platform side advertising 站台广告point-of-purchase advertising 购物点广告P.O.P. display 购物点展示positioning 产品定位poster advertising 招贴广告potential market 潜在市场production 制作primary readership 基本读者printing 印刷product advertising 商品广告quality control 质量管理quiz advertising 提问式广告radio broadcasting advertising 无线电广播广告rate card 价目表combination rate 组合价格one time rate 一次性价格end rate 最低价格readership 读者总数rebate 赎价券sales promotion advertising agency 营业推广广告代理商sampling 抽样schedule 广告发布时间表seasonal advertising 季节性广告segmentation 细分seller’s marker 卖方市场sequence 顺序serial advertising 系列广告slogan 标语soft-sell advertising 软销售广告store advertising 店铺广告street car advertising 街车广告subway advertising 地铁广告target market 目标市场target audience 目标受众tear sheet, voucher copy 样张,样本television advertising 电视广告tie-up advertising 联合广告ultra-large scale integration 超大规模集成电路vertical banner 悬垂幕广告vivid demonstration 生动示范volume objectives 销售量目标women’s marker 妇女市场yellow page advertising 黄页广告zinc plate 锌版Ad Views 广告浏览:网上广告被用户下载的的次数,一般以一段时间来衡量。
经典广告词英文翻译下面是带来经典广告词英文,欢迎阅读!英文广告1.M&Ms melt in your mouth, not in your hand. 只溶在口,不溶在手。
(M&M巧克力)2.Behind that healthy smile, there's a crest kid. 健康笑容来自佳洁士。
(佳洁士牙膏)3.Time is what you make of it. (Swatch) 天长地久。
(斯沃奇手表)4.Make yourself heard. (Ericsson) 理解就是沟通。
(爱立信)5.Start ahead. (Rejoice) 成功之路,从头开始。
(飘柔)6.Things go better with Coca-Cola. (Coca-Cola) 饮可口可乐,万事如意。
(可口可乐)7.Connecting People.(Nokia) 科技以人为本。
(诺基亚)8.A diamond lasts forever. (De Bierres) 钻石恒久远,一颗永流传。
(第比尔斯)9.Mosquito Bye Bye Bye. (RADAR) 蚊子杀杀杀。
(雷达牌驱虫剂)10.A Kodak Moment. (Kodak) 就在柯达一刻。
(柯达相纸/胶卷)简单的英文广告词翻译 1.Enjoy Coca-Cola.(Coca-Cola) 请喝可口可乐。
(可口可乐)2.Generation Next.(Pepsi) 新的一代。
(百事)3.The Relentless Pursuit of Perfection.(Lexus) 追求完美永无止境。
(凌志汽车)munication unlimited.(Motorola) 沟通无极限。
(摩托罗拉)5.Feast your eyes.(Pond’s Cucumber Eye Treatment) 滋润心灵的窗户。
常用广告英语词汇汇总告是为了某种特定的需要,通过一定形式的媒体,公开而广泛地向公众传递信息的宣传手段,广告有广义和狭义之分。
以下是整理的常用广告英语词汇汇总,希望大家喜欢。
1.advertising Agency广告公司2.advertising Agent广告代理人3.advertising Research广告调研4.anatomy of a Sale销售分析5.art Director美术指导6.bill Boards路牌广告7.body Copy广告正文8.broadcast Advertising广播广告9.buying motive购买动机10.classified Advertising分类广告mercial Advertising商业广告1 2.consumer Advertising消费者广告13.creative platform创意大纲14.direct Mail邮寄广告15.display Advertising陈列广告1 6.electric Media电子媒介17.industrial Advertising工业广告1 8.international Advertising国际广告19.media Service广告媒介代理20.noncommercial Advertising非商业广告2 I.nonproduct Advertising非产品广告22.outdoor Advertising户外广告23.point.of-Purchase Advertising销售现场广告24.prirne prospect目标消费群25.public relation公共关系26.radio/TV Production广播电视节目制作27.recruitment Advertising招聘广告28.retail Advertising零售广告29.sale Advertising销售广告30.share of Market市场份额3 1.target Market目标市场32.task Budgeting广告预算33.time Spot广告时间P(the Unity Selling Proposition)营销组合35.Cl(Corporatc Identity)企业识别36.MI(Mind Identity)理念识别37.Bl(Behavior Identityl行为识别38.VI(Visual Identity)视觉识别39.advertising广告40.appropriation广告预算分配4 1.audience广告对象42.catalog商品说明书43.consumers消费者44.copy广告正文45.copywriter广告撰稿人46.1ayout广告布局47.media媒介48.motivation动机49.positioning市场定位50.promotion促销51.rebating折扣52.slogan广告口号53.television advertising电视广告54.consumer advertising消费品广告55.film advertising电影广告56.sky advertising空中广告57.postcard advertising明信片广告58.specialty advertising纪念品广告59.product advertising商品广告60.professional advertising商品服务广告61.industrial advertising工业品广告62.corporate advertising公司广告63.one shot报刊上的一次性广告64.display advertisement造型广告65.advertising budget广告支出预算66.advertising media广告传播媒介67.international advertising agency国际广告公司68.full service advertising agency(提供)全套服务的广告公司69.advertising agency network广告公司网络70.1ay.out ofan advertisement广告设计模型71.buying space购买广告权72.directory advertising在各种手册中刊登广告73.size ofan advertisement广告规格74.advertisement originator]一告编制人75.repeat an advertisement重复广告,重播(重登)广告76.place all advertisement,put up an advertisement登广告77.advertising material,advertising literature广告材料78.Advertising Association广告协会(英国机构,旨在维持广告的水平,保护广告客户及代理商的利益)79.the Advertising Standards Authority广告标准管理局(英国机构,旨在保护公众利益)。
广告英语常用词汇?? 广告策划1. 4P 营销4P 组合=Product, Price, Place, Promotion mix2. 4C 营销4C 组合=Consumer wants and needs, Cost, Convenience, Communication3. IMC 整合营销传播=Integrated Marketing Communication4. launch 上市,启动5. campaign 广告活动,广告战役,广告全案6. case 案例7. biz 商业=business,新闻中常见此缩写。
8. sponsor 赞助商9. marketing mix 营销组合10. product 产品11. life cycle 产品生命周期12. place 渠道13. channel 渠道14. retailer 零售商,经销商15. logistics 物流16. mall 大型购物中心17. supermarket 超市18. convinient store 便利店19. PR 公关=Public Relationships20. guanxi 关系即汉语“关系”发音,成为新的英语外来词。
21. publicity 宣传22. spokesman 代言人/发言人23. news release 新闻稿24. personal selling 人员销售25. SP 促销=Sales promotion26. stimulate 刺激,激励27. sample 赠品28. discount 折扣29. price-off 折价30. free 免费31. coupon 优惠券32. POP 售卖点广告=Point of Purchase33. base 基于34. consumer 消费者35. customer 顾客36. CS 顾客满意度=Customer Satisfaction37. CRM 客户关系管理=Customer Relationship Management广告英语常用词汇第 2 页共18 页编:胡瑾(Hujin@ ) 238. consumer insight 消费者洞察39. target 目标40. potential consumer 潜在消费者41. SOM 市场占有率=Share of Market42. B2B,C2C,B2C B=business,C=consumer,2=to43. budget 经费预算44. expenditure 花费45. expense 花费46. cost 成本47. fee 费用48. investment 投放,投资如,媒介投放media investment49. charge 费用50. revenue 营业额,营收如,广告advertising revenue51. profit 利润,收益52. segmentation 市场细分如,marketing segmentation53. Niche market 利基市场,小众市场54. project management 项目管理55. local 本土的,本地的56. global 全球的57. the greater China market 大中华市场通常指大陆+香港+澳门+台湾,广义甚至包括新加坡、马来西亚。
广告英语单词广告英语单词在商业领域中扮演着至关重要的角色。
无论是在品牌推广、市场营销还是商业交流中,掌握一些常用的广告英语单词对于提升商业能力和拓展市场非常重要。
本文将介绍一些常用的广告英语单词,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些单词。
一、品牌广告词汇1. Brand (品牌): 指特定的产品、服务或公司的名称和标志。
2. Logo (商标、标志): 用来标识和识别品牌的图形或符号。
3. Slogan (口号、标语): 简洁而有力的表达方式,用来概括品牌的核心理念。
4. Tagline (标签语、口号): 通常是品牌标志和产品名称之间的短语,用来强化品牌形象。
5. Identity (身份): 指品牌在市场中的独特个性和特征,能让消费者认知和辨识。
6. Positioning (定位): 建立品牌在消费者心目中的独特地位和形象。
二、广告媒体词汇1. Advertisement (广告): 简称为ad,用来推销产品或服务的信息。
2. Campaign (广告活动): 有组织和连贯性的广告推广活动。
3. Commercial (商业广告): 用于电视、广播或网络媒体播放的广告。
4. Billboard (广告牌): 在街头、高速公路等场所用于展示广告的大型牌面。
5. Print media (印刷媒体): 指报纸、杂志等印刷出版物。
6. Social media (社交媒体): 指如Facebook、Twitter等网络社交平台。
7. Online advertising (网络广告): 在互联网上展示的广告形式,包括横幅广告、弹窗广告等。
三、广告策略词汇1. Target audience (目标受众): 产品或服务的最理想消费者群体。
2. Market segmentation (市场细分): 将市场划分为不同的消费者组,以便更精准地进行定位和营销。
3. Ad placement (广告投放): 广告在媒体中的位置和方式,如头版广告、封底广告等。
广告常用英文ae——account executive——客户代表,或客户执行。
代表广告公司接受广告主各种业务,并负责整体执行的人。
account group——业务小组。
广告公司内负责某特定客户之工作小组。
以ae为中心,成员包括行销企划、创意、媒体等工作人员,替客户执行广告企划设定、广告表现制作、媒体安排等业务。
appeal point——诉求点。
广告讯息中,最能打动消费者心理,并引起行动的重点。
brain storming——动脑会议。
可自由发想,不受限制的讨论会议。
brand image——品牌形象。
消费者对商品品牌之印象。
cf——commercial film——乃广告影片是也,可不是电视广告脚本哦,commercial 是电视广告脚本。
competitive presentation——比稿。
有的广告主不会将广告计划立即委托一家广告公司,而是让多家广告公司彼此竞争,再从中选择最优秀、最满意的广告公司。
copywriter——文案(撰文人员)。
负责广告文案的专门写作。
ci——corporate identity——企业识别。
以统一性的标志表示企业的理念、文化以及经营的任务。
creative boutique——创意工作室。
“boutique”为法语中商店的意思,指专门零售店,特别是指贩卖流行物品、装饰品的商店。
以这种语意为背景,由少数人组成、专门制作广告的公司,便称为小型制作专业广告公司。
direct response advertising——直效广告。
需要从潜在客户处得到简单回应的广告。
例如邮购、直接信函、电讯行销,及有线电视购物频道。
直效广告必须是双向沟通的。
director——指导。
在整个广告作业中,担任指导之专业职务。
依照其经验不同,指导可分为资深指导(senior director)、指导(director)和助理指导(assistant director)。
指导有以下各专业职位:account director(业务指导)creative director(创意指导)arts director(美术指导)copy director(文案指导)media director(媒体指导)planning director(企划指导)finisher——完稿员。
·广告英语·常用词汇表·广告策划1. 4P 营销4P 组合=Product, Price, Place, Promotion mix2. 4C 营销4C 组合=Consumer wants and needs, Cost, Convenience,Communication3. IMC 整合营销传播=Integrated Marketing Communication4. launch 上市,启动5. campaign 广告活动,广告战役,广告全案6. case 案例7. biz 商业=business,新闻中常见此缩写。
8. sponsor 赞助商9. marketing mix 营销组合10. product 产品11. life cycle 产品生命周期12. place 渠道13. channel 渠道14. retailer 零售商,经销商15. logistics 物流16. mall 大型购物中心17. supermarket 超市18. convinient store 便利店19. PR 公关=Public Relationships20. guanxi 关系即汉语“关系”发音,成为新的英语外来词。
21. publicity 宣传22. spokesman 代言人/发言人23. news release 新闻稿24. personal selling 人员销售25. SP 促销=Sales promotion26. stimulate 刺激,激励27. sample 赠品28. discount 折扣29. price-off 折价30. free 免费31. coupon 优惠券32. POP 售卖点广告=Point of Purchase33. base 基于34. consumer 消费者35. customer 顾客36. CS 顾客满意度=Customer Satisfaction37. CRM 客户关系管理=Customer Relationship Management38. consumer insight 消费者洞察39. target 目标40. potential consumer 潜在消费者41. SOM 市场占有率=Share of Market42. B2B,C2C,B2C B=business,C=consumer,2=to43. budget 经费预算44. expenditure 花费45. expense 花费46. cost 成本47. fee 费用48. investment 投放,投资如,媒介投放media investment49. charge 费用50. revenue 营业额,营收如,广告advertising revenue51. profit 利润,收益52. segmentation 市场细分如,marketing segmentation53. Niche market 利基市场,小众市场54. project management 项目管理55. local 本土的,本地的56. global 全球的57. the greater China market 大中华市场通常指大陆+香港+澳门+台湾,广义甚至包括新加坡、马来西亚。
广告英语翻译常用词汇大全- 预售:pre-sale- 优惠:discount- 促销:promotion- 折扣:offer- 特价:special price- 满减:buy more, save more- 限时限量:limited time and quantity- 省钱:save money- 免费:free- 优惠券:coupon- 购买:purchase- 赠品:gift- 特别优惠:special offer- 独家:exclusive- 家庭装:family pack- 买一送一:buy one get one free- 换购:buy and get- 季节性优惠:seasonal offer- 脱销:sold out- 即将到货:coming soon- 全场打折:store-wide sale- 多样选择:wide selection- 高品质:high-quality- 新品上市:new arrival- 限时抢购:flash sale- 全球免邮:international free shipping - 快递配送:express delivery- 无条件退款:money-back guarantee - 超值组合:value set- 清仓:clearance sale- 少量现货:limited stock available- 捆绑销售:bundle sales- 充满活力:energetic- 功能强大:powerful functions- 全新升级:brand new upgrade- 创新设计:innovative design- 独特风格:unique style- 经典款式:classic style- 流行元素:trendy elements- 多功能:versatile- 定制:custom-made- 适合所有人群:suitable for all ages - 时尚搭配:stylish match- 高端大气:high-end and stylish- 舒适度:comfortable fit- 防水耐用:waterproof and durable- 优质面料:premium fabric- 轻便携带:portable and easy to carry - 方便使用:convenient to use- 持久保湿:long-lasting moisturizing - 深度修复:deep repair- 平易近人:affordable price- 价廉物美:cost-effective- 无需担心质量问题:no worries about quality- 改善生活质量:improve quality of life- 提高工作效率:enhance work efficiency- 增添乐趣:add fun- 领先品牌:leading brand- 值得信赖:trustworthy- 健康环保:healthy and environmentally-friendly- 无刺激无副作用:non-irritating with no side effects- 数字化:digitized- 便捷操作:convenient operation- 眼保健操:eye exercises- 满足不同需求:meet different needs- 解决问题:solve problems- 提升形象:enhance image- 高效节能:high-efficiency and energy-saving- 减少污染:reduce pollution- 创造美好生活:create a better life购买物品时,我们都希望能获得最优惠的价格和最大的实惠。
AA(Account Assistant)客户助理Action Plan 行动方案AD(Account Director)客户总监Add Value 附加价值Ads(Advertisement) 广告Advertorial付费软文AE(Account Executive)客户代表、客户主任Agency 代理商AM(Account Manager)客户经理Analysis Tools分析工具Announcement 公告Annual Report年报AP (Asia-Pacific) 亚太区AR List 任务清单ATL (Above the Line) 线上活动Attachment附件Audience Awareness公众认知度Auto Industry 汽车行业Awareness 认知Background Analysis 背景分析Background material 背景材料Benchmark测试基准BI (Behavior Identity)企业行为识别系统Bidding 竞标Bio个人简历Boilerplate公司简介(附在新闻稿后面的关于该公司的简短介绍) Brand Communications Strategy品牌传播战略Brand Loyalty品牌忠诚度Brand Management Commission品牌管理委员会Brand Management Consulting Firm品牌管理顾问公司Brand Management品牌管理Brand Planning/Designing品牌策划/设计Brand Positioning Survey品牌定位调查Brand Positioning 品牌定位Brand Promotion品牌推广Branding Strategy品牌战略Briefing Kit资料包Briefing情况介绍BTL (Below the Line) 线下活动BU (Business Unit)业务部门Bulletin公告栏Bundle 附赠品Business E-Mail 商务电邮Business Model商业计划Business Philosophy 经营哲学Business Strategy 经营战略Campaign 公关或营销活动Career Development 职业发展Career Planning职业计划Case study案例研究Category 类别Celebration 庆典活动CEO Reputation Management CEO声誉管理CEO's Arrangement CEO接待Channel 渠道Chart 幻灯片中的页面China Golden Awards For Excellence in Public Relations中国最佳公共关系案例大赛China International Public Relations Congress中国国际公共关系大会CI(Corporate Identity)企业形象CIPRA(China International Public Relations Association)中国国际公共关系协会CIS (Corporate Identity Sysetm)企业形象识别系统Client Database Management客户数据管理Client Oriented Strategy客户导向战略Client Relations Development System客户关系开发系统Client Relations Evaluation System客户管理评价系统Client Relations Maintenance System客户关系维护系统Client Relations Management System客户关系管理系统Client Relations Management客户管理管理Client Relations Precaution System客户管理预警系统Client Relations Supporting System客户管理支持系统Client Relations客户关系Client Satisfaction Management客户满意度管理Clipping Report剪报报告Closing Phase结束阶段Code of Conduct行为准则Code of Ethics 职业道德Communication Model 传播模式Communications Kit新闻夹Communications Management 传播管理Communications Regions传播地域Communications Strategy传播战略Community Relations社区关系Competitor竞争对手Confidential 保密的、机密的Confidential Items保密条款Consecutive Interpretation交互式翻译Consultant顾问Consumer Buying Process 顾客购买过程Consumer Database顾客数据Consumer Orientation消费者导向Consumers/Dealers Assembly用户/经销商大会Contact Person 联系人Continuous Education继续教育Controlling Phase 控制阶段Coordination Communicating协调沟通Copywriter 文案Copywriting公关文案Core Competitiveness核心竞争力Core Media核心媒体Corporate Affairs企业事务Corporate Image企业形象Corporate Profile公司简介Corporate Reputation企业声誉Corporate Video 宣传片Cost Control成本控制Cost Management成本管理Creative & Design创意设计Credential公司或个人简介Crisis Control 危机控制Crisis Management Office危机管理办公室Crisis Management Planning危机管理策划Crisis Management Team危机管理小组Crisis Management危机管理Crisis Research危机研究Crisis Statement危机声明CRM (Customer Relationship Management)客户关系管理Customer testimonial客户证言Datasheet宣传页Decoration 现场布置(装饰)Demand GenerationDemo Booth 产品演示台Diagnosis诊断Director总监Distributor 分销商DM (Direct mailing )直邮Domain Name Registration 域名注册Donation捐赠EC(East China)华东Editorial Calendar媒体刊登计划EDM(Email Direct Marketing)电子邮件营销Effective Communications有效传播Employee Compensation员工薪酬Employee Relations员工关系Environment Analysis环境分析Environment Issues环境问题Ethics of the Profession 职业道德Event Management事件管理Event Planning 事件策划Event事件、活动Executing Phase 执行阶段Execution 执行Executive President 执行总裁Fact Sheet资料(数字或其她材料)FAQ 常见问题问答Fashion Business时尚产业Feature article 深度文章Feature文章类型中的通讯Finance Management财务管理Financial Communications财经传播Flyer 宣传单页Follow-up跟进Forum 论坛GCG(Grand China) 大中国区Glossary词汇表Government Affairs政府事务Government PR 政府公关Government Relations政府关系Govt (Government) 政府Graphics图形文件Greetings问候语Health Care医疗保健High Tech高科技Hospital PR 医院公关Human Resource Management人力资源管理IMC (Integrated Marketing Communications)整合营传播Implementation实施Incentive Plan激励计划Industry Participation行业参与Initiating Phase 初始阶段INPUTS Evaluation Tools输入级评估工具Integration Management整合管理Interactive PR 网上互动公关Internal Magazine内部期刊Internal Communications System内部传播系统Internal Communications内部传播Internal Film内部电影Internal PR 内部公关International PR国际公关Internet Communications网络传播Internet Media Communications 网媒传播Interpersonal Communications人际传播Interpreter翻译Interview 专访或面试Introduction Lantern宣传幻灯Investor Relations投资者关系Invitation Letter 邀请IPR(Institute of Public Relations)英国公共关系协会IPRA(International Public Relations Association)国际公共关系协会Issue Diagnosis问题诊断Issues Management问题管理ISV (Individual Software Vendor)独立软件开发商Job Evaluation绩效考核Journalist记者Key Media关键媒体Key Messages 关键信息Keynote Speaker主题演讲人Keynote Speech主题演讲LA( Large Account) 大客户LE (Large Enterprise)大客户Leadership 领导者Legal Duty法律义务Life Cycle of the Products 产品生命周期Lobby游说Logo标识Long Term Program长期项目Lucky Draw 抽奖Marcomm(Marketing Communications)营销传播Market Analysis Report市场分析报告Marketing Communications Mix营销传播组合Marketing Communications营销传播Marketing Strategy 市场营销战略Marketshare 市场份额Mass Media大众媒体MB(Medium business) 中客户MC(Master of Ceremonies)主持人MC(Middle China)华中MD(Managing Director) 董事总经理、执行董事Media Assistant媒介助理Media Analysis媒体分析Media Communications Strategy媒体传播战略Media Communications媒体传播Media Coverage 媒体覆盖率Media Director 媒介总监Media Executive媒介代表、媒介主任Media Inquiry媒体垂询Media Kit媒体资料包Media List媒体名单Media Manager媒介经理Media Monitor媒体监测Media Relations媒介关系Media Research媒体研究Media Tour媒体拜访或媒体外出巡游Media媒体Meeting Agenda会议议程Meeting Minutes 会议记录Merchandise促销物品Methodology方法论MI (Mind Identity)企业理念识别MI(Media Index)企业媒体声望指数Mindshare 品牌影响力份额Miscellaneous 杂费Monthly Report月报Multifunctional Task Force多职能任务小组National Standards of the PR Professional Qualification国家公共关系职业资格标准NC(North China)华北NE (Northeast China)东北Negative Report负面报道New Product Launch新产品发布News Clipping新闻剪报News Release新闻发布Newsletter通讯No-profit PR 非营利机构公关Norms of Excellent PR Management 卓越公共关系管理标准NW(Northwest China)西北Objective Diagnosis目标诊断Offering 服务内容On Site现场Online Advertisement 线上广告Online Communications线上传播Online Marketing Communications 线上营销传播Online media网络媒体Online Roadshow 网上路演Online Survey网上调查OOP(Out-of-Pocket)杂费、日常工作发生的成本Open-day Visits开放日参观Opinion Leader舆论领袖OUTCOMES Evaluation Tools输出级评估工具OUTPUTS Evaluation Tools效果级评估工具Outsourcing 外包OV(One Voice)一个声音Photo Library图片库Planning Phase 策划阶段Polish文案润色POP (Point Of Purchase Advertising) 导购点广告Positioning定位Post Event 善后工作Poster 海报Postmortem 会后书面的简短总结报告Postscript后记PR Agency公关公司PR Consulting Market公关顾问服务市场PR Consulting Practice公关顾问实务PR Consulting Service公关顾问服务PR Consulting Tools公关顾问工具PR Directorr 公共关系总监PR Evaluation公关评估PR Event 公关活动PR Guideline公关方针PR Management Working Code公关管理工作准则PR Manager 公共关系经理PR Procedure公关流程PR Proposal公关建议书PR Supervisor 公共关系主管Pre Event前期工作Pre-evaluation 预评估Preface前言Presentation 演示、陈述President 总裁Press Conference新闻发布会Press Kit媒体新闻夹Press Release新闻稿Print Media平面媒体Priority 优先的Procurement Management预警管理Product Test产品评测Profession Responsibility 职业义务Professional Association 专业协会Professional Certification 职业认证Professional Consultant 专业顾问Professional fee专业服务费Professional Grading专业等级Project Life Cycle项目生命周期Project Management项目管理Project Owner项目委托人Project Title项目标题Project公关项目Proposal公关建议书PRSA(Public Relations Society of America)美国公共关系协会Pubic Opinion公众舆论Public Affairs公共事务Public Relations Consulting公关顾问Public Relations Crisis公关危机Public Relations Management公关管理Public Relations公共关系Public Utility公用事业Publicity宣传Q&A问题问答Qualified Project Manager合格的项目经理Quality Control质量控制Quality Management质量管理Questionnaire调查问卷Quotation报价Real Estate房地产Recommendatory 推荐信Recruitment招募Reference参考资料Rehearsal预演、彩排Report报告Reputation Management 声誉管理Research Tools研究工具Reseller 经销商Retainer长期客户Review回顾、总结Risk Management风险管理Roadshow巡展、路演ROI return on investment投资回报率Rude question 不友好的问题SAE(Senior Account Executive)高级客户代表、高级客户主任SEM(Search Engine Marketing)搜索引擎营销SAM(Senior Account Manager)高级客户经理SB (Small business)小客户SC(South China)华南Scope Management范畴管理SEO(Search Engine Optimization)搜索引擎优化SMO:Social Media Optimization(社会媒体优化)Seminar研讨会Senior Consultant高级顾问Senior Media Executive高级媒介代表Senior Media Manager高级媒介经理Senior Vice President 高级副总裁Shareholders利益关系人Simultaneous interpretation同声传译Slide 幻灯片Slogan口号Social Activities社会活动Social Responsibility社会责任Source Materials客户提供的辅助资料Souvenirs & Gifts 纪念品与礼品SOV (Share of Voice)Speaking with One Voice 用一个声音说话Spokes Person Tips发言人技巧Spokesperson发言人Sponsorship Planning赞助策划Sponsorship 赞助Strategic Consulting战略咨询Strategy Communications Systems战略传播系统Strategy 战略Success Story成功故事Summary 简介、概述Supplier 供应商Survey调查SW(Southwest China)西南SWOT analysis优势、劣势、机遇、威胁分析Synopsis概要总结Target Audience 目标受众Task Marketing任务营销TBD (To be Detail)需更详细信息Team 小组、团队Technical Article技术文章Theme 主题Time Management管理Time Sheet时间管理表Two-way Asymmetry双向非平衡模式Two-way Communications双向传播Two-way Symmetry双向平衡模式UEO (user experience Optimization)用户体验优化Venue 会议地点Vertical media行业媒体VI (Visual Identity)视觉识别VIP Speech 讲话稿Virtual Computer虚拟主机Vision愿景Voiceshare 曝光信息份额VP(Vice President)副总裁VSB (Very small business) 特小客户、超小客户Website Construction网站建设Whitepaper白皮书Workshops工作研讨Worldwide 全球特写feature articles以货代款in kind机构广告institutional advertising前期市场企业广告market prep corporate advertising 营销公关marketing public relation新闻简报news/press release意见抽样opinion sampling招贴posters传媒炒作press agentry传媒工具press/media kit公共事务public affairs公共关系户public relations公共关系广告public relations advertising宣传publicity公众publics招聘广告recruitment advertising声望经营reputation management撰写讲演稿speechwriting赛场营销venue marketing新闻通报录像video news release执行证明书affidavit of performance受众构成audience composition受众占有率audience share时间表avails一刻平均听众数average quarter-hour audience 一刻平均收听率average quarter-hour rating一刻平均占有率average quarter-hour share交换辛迪加barter syndication无线电视broadcast TV有线电视cable TV单位成本CPP千人成本CPM累积听众数cumulative persons累积收听率cumulative rating时段组合day-part mix预定市场区域designated market areas班车时间drive time首播辛迪加first-run syndication形象移植imagery transfer信息式广告informercial互相连接interconnect广播电视网networks网外辛迪加off-network syndication协办participation basis占位价格preemption rate黄金时段prime time节目式广告PLA节目收率视program rating节止编排形式programming formats视听率调查服务公司rating services电台指定时间run-of-station受众总数total audience总体受众计划total audience plan广告网络ad networks广告查询ad request横幅广告banner商业回邮件business reply mail分类广告Web站classified ad Web site编辑名录compiled lists立体创意直邮creative dimensional direct mailing 数字互动媒介digital interactive media直邮广告direct-mail advertising内部刊物house organs互动电视interactive TV互联网Internet互联网服务供应商Internet service provider销售信函sales letters广告礼品advertising specialty展台booths路牌bulletin structure车内尾部招贴car-end posters电影贴片广告cinema advertising陈列媒介exhibitive media全面登场full showing车内广告牌inside cards户外媒介out-of-home media车体招贴outside posters包装packaging奖品premiums标准户外广告standardized outdoor advertising 成品招贴stock posters优惠赠券take-ones商业展示会trade shows交通广告transit advertising广告英语术语——媒介策划用语广告印象advertising impression广告反应曲线advertising response curve注意度attention value受众audience受众目标audience objectives品牌开发指数brand development index品种开发指数category development index发行量circulation成本效益cost efficiency单位成本cost per point千人成本cost per thousand创意组合creative mix分布目标distribution objectives有效频次effective frequency有效到达率effective reach暴露值exposure value频次frequency市场markets组合mechanics媒介media媒介策划media planning媒介载体media vehiclesAE——Account Executive——客户代表,或客户执行。
c:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\xxxx\广告英语翻译常用词汇产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚,深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.畅销全球selling well all over the world典雅大方elegant and graceful定型耐久durable modeling方便顾客making things convenient for customers方便群众making things convenient for the people; to suit the people's convenience方便商品convenience goods方便生活bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; providing amenities for the people; making life easier for the population各式俱全wide selection; large assortment顾客第一Customers first顾客是我们的皇帝We take customers as our Gods.规格齐全a complete range of specifications; complete in specifications花样繁多a wide selection of colours and designs货色齐全goods of every description are available.客商第一,信誉第一clients first, reputation first款式多样a great variety of models款式活泼端庄vivid and great in style款式齐全various styles款式新颖attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) design; up-to-date styling款式新颖众多diversified latest designs美观大方elegant appearance美观耐用attractive and durable品质优良,疗效显著,誉满全球,欢迎选购excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome.品种多样numerous in variety品种繁多great varieties品种齐全complete range of articles; a great variety of goods让我们的商品走向世界Let our commodities go to the world.色彩鲜艳bright in colour色泽光润bright luster色泽艳丽beautiful in colour深受顾客欢迎We have won praise from customers; to win warm praise from customers.深受国内外客户的信赖和称誉to win a high admiration and is widely trusted at home and abroad.深受消费者的欢迎和好评to be highly praised and appreciated by the consuming public式样美观aesthetic appearance; attractive fashion式样新颖大方modern and elegant in fashion式样雅致elegant in style式样众多in many styles适合男女老幼四季穿着suitable for men and women of all ages in all seasons外型大方elegant shape享有声誉to win a high admiration新品迭出new varieties are introduced one after another行销世界to be distributed all over the world以工艺精细、针法灵巧多样、图案典雅大方而闻名中外to be renowned both at home and abroad for exquisite workmanship, skillful knitting and elegant design 以用料讲究、图案新颖、色泽秀丽、工艺精湛而著称famous for selected materials, novel designs, delightful colors and exquisite workmanship以质优原料,尺寸齐全,品种花样繁多而著称famous for high quality raw materials, full range of specifications and sizes, and great variety of designs and colours誉满中外to enjoy high reputation at home and abroad在国际市场上享有盛誉to enjoy high reputation in the international market造型美观attractive appearance; handsome apprearance质量第一,用户至上quality first, consumers first种类繁多wide varieties安心益气to make one feel at ease and energetic包君健康keep you fit all the time保健治病promoting health and curing diseases保暖防风warm and windproof补肝益肾,调和气血,益髓添精,强健筋骨,乌须黑发,驻颜养血an enricher and nutrient for the liver and kidney, for improving blood circulation, beneficial to essential medulla, strengthening sinews and bones, preventing hairs from greying and helpful to retain complexion 补气,健脾,益精滋肾,祛风活血,强筋壮骨good for energy and the spleen, beneficial to the sperm, nourishing the kidneys relieving rheumatism, activating blood circulation and strengthening sinews and bones补血和气,壮腰强筋norishing blood and adjusting spirit, strenthening waist and sinews除湿散寒,祛风定痛relieving rheumatism, chills and pains穿着舒适轻便comfortable and easy to wear促进体质to invigorate health effectively涤烦疗渴to clear out annoyance and quench thirst冬暖夏凉cool in summer and warm in winter芳香开窍,理气止痛removing obstruction, smoothing circulation and stopping pains.防病治病,延年益寿to prevent and cure diseases, and to have a long life.富有浓厚诗情两画意rich in poetic and pictorial splendor瑰丽多彩pretty and colourful花色入时fashionable patterns华丽臻美beautiful and charming戒烟making people refrain from smoking经久耐用durable in use; durable service久享盛名with a long standing reputation居家旅行,工矿必备之良药an indispensable sovereign remedy for home, travelling, factories and mines. 老少良伴good companions for children as well as adults历史悠久to have a long historical standing男女老少皆宜sutable for men, women, and children其功若神as effectively as a fairy does.轻身延寿to reduce body weight and prolong life.清火明目,怡神醒脑,帮助消化to produce an effect toward clear vision, refreshment, and digestion helping清洁口腔cleaning the oral cavity.清热润喉,止咳化痰,益气消哑good for antipyretic and throat soother, curing cough and facilitating expectoration and relieving hoarseness清晰突出clear and distinctive祛风散寒,活血止痛relieving rheumatism and cold, invigorating blood circulation and stopping pains染制精良meticulous dyeing processes柔软轻盈soft and light色彩夺目,迥然不俗colours are striking, yet not vulgar色彩奇异大方in pain, fancy colours色彩协调matching in colour色泽鲜艳可爱lovely luster设计华丽luxuriant in design手感舒适comfortable feel提神,生津refreshing and enriching the saliva条纹清晰clear-cut texture消热止渴relieving heat and thirst.消暑解热,明目怡神relieving heat and sunstroke, refreshing and beneficial to the eyes颜色调和harmonious colours益气强壮,延缓衰老bracing up the whole system and strengthening it, delaying senility益气养阴,生津增液,补肺健脾supplement the vital energy and nourish yin, promote the production of body fluid and saliva雍容华丽rich and magnificent永不褪色fast colour优点出众outstanding features质地考究superior (in) quality质地优良fine quality助消化,除油腻to help digest greasy food按质论价fixing prices according to quality of products包装多样diversified in packaging包装牢固strong packing包装美观牢固elegant and sturdy package包装新颖美观fashionable and attractive packages保温性强extremely efficient in preserving heat; good heat preservation保险性强high safety保质保量quality and quantity assured备用详细目录,惠索即寄catalogues will be sent upon request备有各种款式的现货,任君挑选available in various designs and specifications for your selection备有塑料盒,便于安全保存a plastic case is compartmentalized for safe storage.表面光泽lustrous surface薄利多销volume large, profit small不可退货without return不惜工本spare no cost at any cost;at all costs; at any cost采用先进技术和工艺to adopt advanced technology采用最新设备和工艺with the most up-to-date equipment and techniques操作简便easy and simple to handle产品按质分等grade products according to quality常饮绿茶,增进健康regular tea drinking improves your health敞开供应sufficent supply; products are sold without limitations; commodities are available without restriction传送灵活to ensure smooth transmission传统绣工精湛exquisite traditional embroidery art大贱卖sale price; crazy price; terrific value; special buy定牌包装packing of nominated brand独特的民族风味to have a unique national style多年使用,不出故障to assure years of trouble-free service.防水、防震、防磁waterproof, shock-resistant and antimagnetic防缩shrink-proof防皱crease-resistance富有弹性high resilience工艺精良sophisticated technologies供不应求in short supply; demand exceeding supply光洁度高highly polished回味隽永pleasant in after-taste货源充足ample supply and prompt delivery技术先进modern techniques技艺精湛exquisite craftsmanship; fine craftsmanship价格公道reasonable price; street price; moderate price价格适中moderrat cost价谦物美high quality and inexpensive; less expensive, high quality goods; high quality and low overhead 节日送礼之佳品ideal gift for all occasions洁白纯正pure whiteness洁白如玉jade white洁白透明pure white and translucent结构坚固sturdy construction; firm in structure经久耐用structural durabilities精打细算be shrewd in money matters; careful calculation and strict budgeting 居同类产品之魁首to rank first among similar products具有传统风味特色distinctive for its traditional properties具有中国风味possessing Chinese flavours抗冲击强度高excellent in cushion effect抗热耐磨strong resistance to heat and hard wearign科学精制by scientific process口味鲜美delicious in taste快干drip-dry买一送一buy one give one; buy one get one free免烫non-ironing能多次翻新can be repeatedly remoulded.您想购买中国土特产品吗?Do you want to buy some Chinese native produce? 烹制简便convenient to cook品质优良excellent (in) quality清仓大拍卖clearance price清货大减价big clearance sale清香爽口pleasant to the palate请君常购中国绿茶always buy Chinese green teas.韧硬兼顾to have both the quality of tenacity and hardness入口和醇mild and mellow软硬适中neither too hard nor too soft散热迅速rapid heat dissipation色泽光洁,柔软防滑lustrous, soft and antislippery色泽清澈limpid in sight设计合理professional design设计新颖modern design生意兴隆driving a roaring trade使用方便easy to use使用极便utmost in convenience使用寿命长久long perfomance life岁末大减价year-end bargain sale甜而不腻agreeable sweetness外观色泽透明bright and traslucent in appearance外型永葆如新to ensur a like-new appearance indefinely维修简易easy to repair味道纯正good taste味鲜可口agreeable to taste物价稳定price remains stable夏季特别大减价special summer sale香浓可口aromatic character and agreeable taste香气馥郁fragrant aroma 香气高雅elegant in smell香味纯和pure and mild flavour香味浓郁aromatic flavour; fragrant (in) flavour性能可靠dependable performance 性能可靠reliable perormance性能无与伦比unequal in performanc 性能优越superior performance选材精良superior materials选料讲究high quality materials选料考究choice materials沿用传统的生产方式with traditional methods易于润滑easy to lubricate用料精选carefully selected materials用料上乘selected material优质西瓜,消暑解渴top watermelons, quell summer thirst制作精巧skilful manufacture制作精巧perfect in workmanship质量高,卫生严high standard in quality and hygiene 众所喜爱品尝之佳品delicacies loved by all走时准确punctual timing最新工工艺latest technology做工讲究exquisite (in) workmanship2023年5月17日星期三14:59:225.17.202314:5914:59:2223.5.172时59分2时59分22秒May. 17, 2317 May 20232:59:22 PM14:59:22做工精细fine workmanship。