第7讲非谓语动词
[深化认知]
一、非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself.
要想成功，首先必须相信自己。
(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见的形容词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。
You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。
(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋t o do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.
这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。
2．分词作状语
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。
(2)若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
Not knowing his address, I can't call on him in person.
由于不知道他的地址，我无法亲自去拜访他。
(3)若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
(4)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.
由于住在纽约多年，我对这里的每一处都很熟悉。
(5)若与句中主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的男孩感到枯燥就出去了。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly speaking 坦白地说
judging from/by 根据……来判断
considering .../taking ...into consideration 考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing 鉴于/由于……
supposing 假设，如果
assuming 假使
given 考虑到，鉴于
provided (that ...) 如果
Generally speaking, the family, not the school, plays the primary role in educating children for life.
一般来讲，在孩子的终生教育中起着主要作用的是家庭而不是学校。
Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.
考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2．下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
这个年轻人承认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。
3．be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend (in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。
Parents should pay more attention to the cases where their children have difficulty (in) adapting to new surroundings.
当孩子们对新环境不适应时，父母们应多加关注。
4．下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
mean ?
????to do sth. 打算做某事doing sth. 意味着做某事
forget ?
????to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） regret ?
????to do sth. 对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做）doing sth. 对做过的事表示后悔（已做） try ?
????to do sth. 尽力去做某事doing sth. 试着做某事 go on ?
????to do sth. 继续做另一件事doing sth. 继续做原来做的事 remember ?
????to do sth. 记着去做某事（未做）doing sth. 记着做了某事（已做） What a poor memory ！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.
多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
三、非谓语动词作宾补
1．感官动词(词组)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see 为例：
see ＋宾语＋??? ?????doing 看见……正做……do 看见……做了……（宾语与宾补之间为主动关系） ?
????being done 看见……正在被做done 看见……被做（宾语与宾补之间为被动关系） I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。
2．使役动词make, let, have, get 后加复合宾语的情况：
(1)make ＋宾语＋?????do 让……做……（宾语与宾补之间为主动关系）done 让……被做（宾语与宾补之间为被动关系）
She tried her best to make herself heard .
她尽最大努力让自己被别人听见。
(2)let ＋宾语＋?????do 让……做……（宾语与宾补之间为主动关系）be done 让……被做（宾语与宾补之间为被动关系）
Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.
让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。
（3）have ＋宾语＋?????
?????do sth.使……做某事doing sth.使……持续做某事（宾语与宾补之间为主动关系）done 使……被做（宾语与宾补之间为被动关系） He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.
他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
[名师指津] have 还可用于have sth.to do/to be done 结构，该结构中have 作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.
这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读要完成。
（4）get ＋宾语＋???
?????to do 使……做……doing 使……开始做……（宾语与宾补之间为主动关系）done 使……被做（宾语与宾补之间为被动关系） Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。
四、非谓语动词作定语
1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.
劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。
2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。
Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。
3．不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
五、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1．动词不定式作主语
不定式作主语时常用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式，放到句子的后面。
It's necessary to hold another meeting to discuss the issue again.
有必要再举行一次会议来讨论这个问题。
[名师指津] 在“It is/was ＋adj .＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中：若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of ，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish 等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for 。
It was silly of you to trust such a man.
你太愚蠢竟然相信这样一个人。
It won't be easy for you to find a new job.
找一份新工作对你来说不容易。
2．动名词作主语
下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.
在那之前来没有用。
(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
3．不定式与动名词作表语
不定式表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词表示通常的情况。 Your task today is to wash the curtains.
你今天的任务是洗窗帘。
The doctor's job is healing the wounded and rescuing the dying.
医生的工作是救死扶伤。
4．分词作表语
表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。 The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. 她脸上惊恐的表情表明她被这个惊恐的场面吓坏了。
六、with 复合结构
with ＋?????sb./sth. doing 表主动且进行，或表特征sth. done 表被动且完成，或表状态sth. to do 表示将来
With so many people looking at him, he felt very nervous.
那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。
With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.
问题解决了，质量也提高了。
With so much work to do, I can't go swimming with you.
有那么多工作要做，我不能和你一起去游泳。
七、独立主格结构
名词或代词＋?????不定式 表示动作未发生现在分词形式 表示主动、进行过去分词 表示被动、完成形容词/副词/介词短语
So many children to support, they both have to work full time.
有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it .
吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。
He came out of the library, (with ) a large book under his arm .
他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。
[名师指津] 独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：
(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不是同一个人或同一事物；(2)独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。
八、非谓语动词的时态和语态
1．动词不定式的时态和语态
当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
2．动名词和现在分词的时态和语态
I still remember being sent to school for the first time.
我仍记得第一次被送到学校上学的情景。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
虽然被告诉过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。
Having finished the letter, he folded it and put it into the envelope.
他写完信后，把信折起来装进了信封。
3．非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义
(1)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
How did the accident happen was difficult to find out because there were few people on the street at that time.
很难查明这起事故是如何发生的，因为那时街上几乎没人。
(2)动词need, want, require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
The figures need to be checked/checking again before we draw a conclusion.
在我们得出结论前，这些数据需要再检查一遍。
[典题在线]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to_cool (cool) the house during the hot day.
5．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees to_sell (sell) the wood.
6．(2015·北京高考单选)The park was full of people, enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
7．(2015·天津高考单选)Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
8．(2015·天津高考单选)Having_worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
9．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)It took years of work to_reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
10．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.
11．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being (be) late for school.
12．(2014·辽宁高考语法填空)Keep holding (hold) your position for a while.
13．(2014·广东高考语法填空)We got a little sunburned/sunburnt (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
14．(2014·北京高考单选)There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
15．(2015·陕西高考单选)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.
16．(2014·湖南高考单选)Understanding (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.telling→told
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.looks→looking
3．(2015·陕西高考短文改错)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！enjoy→enjoying
4．(2015·四川高考短文改错)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.sing→singing
5．(2015·浙江高考短文改错)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.sit→sitting
6．(2014·辽宁高考短文改错)Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors, we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog — Cleo.去掉bothers后的to 7．(2014·辽宁高考短文改错)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.understanding→understand
8．(2014·四川高考短文改错)Stay close to your teacher and classmates. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calm.trying→try
9．(2014·陕西高考短文改错)My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.wanted后加to
10．(2014·陕西高考短文改错) None of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain！去掉第二个were或looked
对点集训即时巩固·提升知能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To_save (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.
2．(2016·郑州模拟)An explosion happened in the mine, leaving (leave) twenty-two miners trapped.
3．I have learned a lot about Asian customs, having_lived (live) in the small village for three years in the early 1990s.
4．Pleased (please) with the effect of the color change, the woman smiled with satisfaction.
5．(2016·唐山综合练习)The houses for the low-income families being_built (build) at present in our city will be completed next year.
6．(2016·邯郸模拟)—Can those seated (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?
—No problem, sir!
7．—How did you know the surprising news?
—I happened to_be_covering (cover) the event then.
8．The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
9．Not knowing (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
10．(2016·济南质检)All the tickets sold (sell) when they arrived, they went away, disappointed.
11．The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
12．At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed (notice)．13．Being_surrounded (surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction.
14．(2016·石家庄模拟)With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved, we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
15．Disappointed (disappoint) at the way he had been treated in the hotel, John complained to the manager.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2016·长春诊断)He became my first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose
a guitar among several wonderful models.choose前加to
2．In the night we stayed in a cave hotel.I couldn't do anything but to sleep.去掉to
3．When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin.learn→learning
4．Comparing with other jobs, teaching is harder and the pay is lower.Co mparing→Compared 5．The man did as told and slept really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off.wake→waking
6．At the beginning, I always kept silent in oral class to avoid make mistakes.make→making 7．After divided into three groups, we started to work.After后加being
8．(2016·宁夏质检)He is such a learning person that we all admire him very much.learning→learned
9．Classes teaching in English provide students with a better environment.teaching→taught 10．In fact, I once won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school.hold→held
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016·河南重点中学盟校联考)The local elementary school had just let out and I found myself behind a school bus as I was driving home. The bus stopped by a house 1.standing (stand) on top of a hill. A little girl no more than seven years old jumped down the bus steps and
2.started (start) running up the driveway toward the house.
I looked up the hill to see where she was going and saw her Dad 3.waiting (wait) for her. As she got closer and
closer her Dad smiled and bent down 4.to_greet (greet) her. When she got to him, he folded her in his powerful arms and gave her a huge hug.
My eyes watered a bit as I watched this scene and remembered all the times 5.when_ my own children had run into my arms with 6.smiling (smile) faces. Every single hug from them 7.was (be) a fountain of youth and a treasure of joy.
My lovely trip down memory lane was interrupted when I heard the car behind me sound its horn (喇叭). I saw 8.the school bus quickly pulling away. I started to follow it again with a 9.lighter_ (light) spirit than I had before. I took that beautiful moment and stored it 10.safely (safe) in my soul where I knew it would remain forever.
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，63)They are required________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 答案：to process require sb./sth. to do sth. “需要某人/某物做某事”。 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，68)Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 答案：eating介词by后需用名词或动名词作宾语。 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，65)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 答案：to prove want to do sth.“想要做某事”，动词want后常用不定式作宾语。 天津高考，14，改编)The hospital has recently obtained new 4. (2017· medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated. 答案：allowing医院新购医疗设备与更多的病人能够得到治疗 之间是因果关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。 5．(2017·北京高考，32，改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students. 答案：spent spend和time之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。 6．(2017·北京高考，27，改编)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ (save) their valuable time. 答案：to save由句意可知需用动词不定式作目的状语。
非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨 非谓语动词在英语语言中使用率很高，同时也是中考考考查热点。近几年对非谓语动词的考查更加强调语句的复杂性，综合考查时态、语态、逻辑主语一致性的题目较多。因此，考生必须学会在复杂的语境中选用非谓语动词的适当形式。 【例1】Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer． A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented 解题点拨：这是一道把动词的用法和非谓语动词的用法结合起来的考题。关键一：表示心理活动的动词在带不定式作宾补时常用to be或to have done，极少用to do sth．的形式。关键二：注意consider的两种用法，consider doing sth．意为“考虑做某事”，consider sb．／sth．to be 或consider sb．to have done或其被动式be considered to be／to have done意思是“认为某人／物如何(做了什么)”。依题意可知本题考查第二种用法。 练一练：1)The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation． A．not eat B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating 【例2】Do let your mother know all the truth．She appears _______everything． A．to tell B．to be told C．to be telling D．to have been told 解题点拨：这是一道把语态、时态、和非谓语动词结合起来考查的题目。解这类题一定要注意时态和语态的变化，先于谓语动作发生的非谓语用完成形式。前半句说“一定要告诉你母亲全部真相”，后半句说“看上去她好像已被告知所有情况”，因此选不定式完成形式的被动语态。 练一练：2)The old man is said _____a sailor when he was young． A．to have been B．that he was
七年级下非谓语动词总结：一．动词原形: 1．情态动词：can; could ; will; would ; shall; should; must; may; have to; 2．助动词: do ; does; did 3．使让动词: let ; make ; 4. 动词不定式to do 5. why not do sth 二．动词不定式to do 1．Want to do 2. would like to do 3. need to do 4. decide to do 5. 不定代词to do 不定代词: -thing; -body; - one; 6. hope to do 7. learn to do sth 8. teach sb to do sth 9. ask sb to do sth 10. tell sb to do sth 11. It’s time to do sth 12. have… to do 三．动名词或现在分词： 1. 介词+ doing 介词: for ; of ; in ; on ; at; with; about; like; with out…. 介词词组：thanks for; think of ; Be good at ; do well in ; help…with…;what/ how about… 2. enjoy doing 3. have fun doing 4. practice doing 5. No+doing 6. spend st/sm (in)doing sth 7. mind doing 8. stand doing 9. look at sb doing sth 双用法 see/hear/watch/find/notice/feel 1正在 2 常常/瞬间 Remember 1未做/要做 2未做/要做 like/ love/ hate 1 经常/爱好 2 偶尔 Stop 1停止正在做的事 2停下来去做某事 七年级下非谓语动词 Can would like could look at sb Be good at do well in Want will learn would stand have fun shall tell sb should spend st/sm (in) must No+ May 介词+ 介词: have to teach sb enjoy do 不定代词 ask sb thanks for Does It’s time what/ how about… practice decide did hope think of let help …with… make to need why not have… mind
专题6 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括： 1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。 2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。 3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。 4．考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。 知识点一、非谓语动词作状语 1．非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式； To succeed, we must make good preparation. 要取得成功必须做好准备。 2．非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词； The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。 3．非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词； He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果) (陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果) 4．非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
非谓语动词学案 授课班级______ 应到学生______ 实到学生_____课型_____ 教学目标：1. 熟悉非谓语动词的构成； 2. 能够熟练使用非谓语动词。 教学过程： 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语,而非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 二、非谓语动词的形式和基本用法： 1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来; I have a meeting to attend. The child has nothing to worry about. He worked day and night to get the money. 2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行； Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 3、动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成。 The window was broken by the boy. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. I heard the song sung several times last week. 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing/ not/ never done 五、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
复习专题非谓语动词专项练习题及答案 一、非谓语动词 1．The teachers often tell us ________ in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. don't swim C. not swimming D. not to swim 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：老师经常告诉我们不要在河里游泳。太危险了。tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事。动词不定式的否定结构，not to do sth.故选D。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意动词不定式的否定结构not to do sth。 2．I like the TV program The Reader best. I think we should spend as much time as we can in our spare time. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我最喜欢电视节目《朗读者》。我认为在业余时间，我们应该尽 可能多的花费时间读书。读书是花费时间的目的，在句中做状语，应使用动词不定式，spend time doing sth，表示花钱或时间做了某事，强调做了，根据should，可知事情还没 做，因此不能选C，故答案是B。 【点评】考查非谓语动词——动词不定式，注意做目的状语一般应使用动词不定式，同时 注意不要受到spend…doing固定搭配的影响。 3．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某 人做某事”。故答案为B。 4．I think AI （人工智能） in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future. A. used, be used B. is used, be used C. used, use D. is used, use 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我认为被用在许多领域的人工智能在将来将帮助我们解决许多问 题。AI是名词，___ in many fields做名词AI的定语，AI是动作use的承受着，并且句子是 简单句，已经有谓语will，所以用动词过去分词作定语，即used，be used to do sth.被用来 做某事，will是情态动词，所以be还是用原形be，故选A。 【点评】考查动词过去分词及固定搭配，注意平时识记，理解句意。 5．The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent. A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-非谓语动词(解析 版) 【2020年】 1.（2020·新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66．(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 2.（2020·新课标I卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. 【答案】frying改为fried 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。 3.（2020·新课标I卷）My mom told me how to preparing it 【答案】preparing改为prepare。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told 的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。 4.（2020·新课标II卷）They represent the earth 63．(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。 5. （2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65．(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【答案】decorated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 6.（2020·新课标II卷）They are easy 68．(care) for and make great presents. 【答案】to care
A组2016～2014年各省市高考题（改编） 1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，61)It was a great honour ________(invite) backstage at the not －for－profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. 2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，66)I was the first Western TV reporter________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 3．(2016·全国Ⅰ，67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 4．(2016·全国Ⅰ，完形)________(approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. 5．(2016·全国Ⅰ，完形)They then heard a woman’s voice ________(come) from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 6．(2016·全国Ⅱ，49)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ________(bring) your work home. 7．(2016·全国Ⅲ，43)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create)special designs. 8．(2016·全国Ⅲ，44)People probably cooked their food in large pots，________(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. 9．(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.________ 10．(2016·全国Ⅲ，七选五)There are many common methods ________(use) to
非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词 （一）不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。 动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of +名词或代词宾格”构成。 一作主语。不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it做形式主语。 1. To see is to believe. 2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English. 3. It’s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him. 二作表语 1. His aim is to win the first prize. 2. All we can do is (to) wait. One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to… 三作宾语 1. He demanded to be told the truth. 2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in. （decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do） 3. I don’t know what to do. （decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do） 4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to. 5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be. 四作宾补或主补 1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting. have sb do = get sb to do feel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do 但被动语态要+ to, let 例外 Listen to me read the text. He is often listened to sing the song. He was let go by the police. 2. He ordered his men to fire.
非谓语动词不定式和分词作状语 一、不定式作状语可以作： 1．主要用作。常与连用。so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 。 He sat down to have a rest. He went to France to learn French。 2．状语。表示的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 3．表示喜怒哀乐的形容词作表语其后的不定式作状语。表示引起这种情绪变化的原因。 I’m sorry not to have come on Tuesday. I am very glad to see you. We are glad to hear the news． 二、不定式做状语时应该注意： 1．not/never too…to do, too…not to do, but/only too… to do, too ready to do, too eager to do表示肯定意义。 He is too careful not to have noticed that. I am only too glad to help you. I am only never too glad to know you. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him. 2．不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为，否则用for引导主语。We studied hard to pass the exam. 不定式做目的状语其逻辑主语是we。 Li Ming’s mother went to the lecture hall early for him to get a good seat. 三、分词作状语可以作: 1． Hearing the noise, I turned round. Having done my shopping, I returned home. 2． Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch． 3． Reading carefully，you'll learn something new． Working hard, you will surely succeed. 4． They stood by the roadside talking about the plan． The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch. He came running back to tell me the news. 5． A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand. A hurricane hit this area last night, blowing down a lot of trees.
专题七非谓语动词 综合演练 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2018陕西汉中质检二) China remains the driving force for the1(globe) tourism industry, because the number of outbound (出境的) Chinese tourists and their spending power continues to rise, recent data showed. Changes in the demographic(客户群) and spending habits of Chinese2 (visitor) could benefit developing countries in Southeast Asia as well as3along the Belt and Road routes, experts pointed out on Tuesday. In the first half of 2017, total outbound trips from the Chinese mainland4 (reach) 62.03 million, up 5 percent year on year, according to the data5(release) by China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) in August. 6the rate of expansion slowed from about 10 percent in recent years, it was still enough to help the global tourism sector achieve strong7(grow). According to the UN World Tourism Organization, in the first half of 2017,8 number of global tourists reached 598 million, which increased by 6 percent on a year-on-year9(basic). Chinese travelers10(account) for about 10.4 percent of the total, according to the organization. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7.8.9.10. 答案 [语篇解读]中国出境游客数量以及境外消费能力持续增长,这极大地拉动了世界旅游业的发展。 1.global设空处作定语,修饰“旅游业”,故用形容词。global全球的;全世界的。 2.visitors此处意为“中国游客的消费习惯”,根据语境可知visitor用复数形式。 3.those此处指“‘一带一路’沿线的那些国家”,前面提到了“东南亚的发展中国家”,故用those。
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受
worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.
初中英语基础模块06 ——非谓语动词
非谓语动词 能够熟练掌握非谓语动词的基本的用法 在北京中考中要求考生对非谓语动词的掌握往往集中在对固定用法的考查上。 内容 基本要求 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的三种形式； 二、非谓语动词的用法； 三、非谓语动词中需要注意的一些问题。 根据英语动词在句中是否独立用作谓语，可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。 谓语动词是指动词在句中独立作谓语时采用的形式，如各种时态的形式； 非谓语动词是指动词在句中不独立作谓语时采用的形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、 过去分词）三种。 考点一：动词不定式 1．不定式形式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to ＋动词原形”，称为带 to 的不定式。 如：He wanted to sit down. 他想坐下。（带 to 的不定式） Let him sit down. 让他坐下。（不带 to 的不定式） 注意：这里的 to 只是个语法符号，没有词义。不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。 易错点：动词不定式否定形式：not + (to) + do 2．不定式的基本用法 动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式，但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能，因此在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。 满分必备攻略 命题人怎么想 中考怎么考
①用作主语： 不定式做主语时，常用it 做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为It is + adj. + (for/ of) + 动词不定式。 如：To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. To help the poor is his duty. It is his duty to help the poor. 注意：在kind; good; nice; clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用of。如：It’s very kind of you to help me. It’s very clever of you to do like that. 【实战演练】 多吃水果和蔬菜对身体有好处。 ______________our health to eat more fruit and vegetables. （2009年北京中考） 战士们已连续工作了18个小时，有必要让他们停下来休息。 The soldiers have kept working for 18 hours, so _____________________________________.（2008年北京中考） ②用作宾语： A 情况：一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，这类动词常有：would like, want, decide, learn, need, refuse, agree, plan, expect, wish。 口诀1：想要决定学习，需要同意计划，希望不要拒绝。想要（would like, want）决定（decide）学习（learn）需要（need）同意（agree）计划（plan）希望（wish, expect, hope）拒绝（refuse） She wants to go to university some day. He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。） B 情况：常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式：Why not do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do…, could/would/will you please (not) do…如：I would rather stay at home. ： 1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。 The post office is a bit far from here. ____________ take a bus. 2. 为什么不早点儿把这个好消息告诉他呢？ _____________ tell him the good news a little earlier? C 情况：在find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 We found it impossible to cross the river.（本句中it 是形式宾语，不定式短语to cross the river 是真正的宾语。） 注意：不定式常和疑问词what; which; when; where; how; who 连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didn’t know which to choose. 比较：what to do 与how to do it 1. We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure___________.
2021届新高考英语二轮语法复习——语法填空提分专练 专题七非谓语动词 解读高考重点 1、非谓语动词做状语的用法 2、三种非谓语动词形式的区别 3、非谓语动词做定语的用法 4、With 的符合结构 5、动词+to do 不定式、动词+doing 形式 一、单句语法填空（用所给单词的正确形式填空） 1.The last things he saw were the fearful face of the soldier and the cigar _____ (slip) out of his fingers. 2.Though _____ (defeat) again, the scientist didn't give up. 3.______ (situate) in the centre of the city, the hotel enjoys great convenience of shopping and transportation. 4.As a cleaner, her job is _____ (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible. 5.I was pleased _______________(hear) what you had experienced during your journey. 6.If you don't know much about cars, take a friend who has a deep _____________(understand) of them along while choosing cars. 7.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _____ (use) the sun and the stars. 8._____ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 9._____ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 10.There's a note pinned to the door _____ (say) when the shop will open again. 11.____________ (determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 12.I found a bag ______ (lie) on the ground. 13.The cool wind swept through our bedroom windows, _______________(make) air conditioning unnecessary.